Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
What is Apo A1 the receptor ligand for?
HDL
What is the receptor ligand on a chylomicron?
Apo B48
What is the receptor ligand for an LDL?
Apo B100
What is ApoE the receptor ligand for?
IDL
What lipoprotein:
transports triglyceride from gut to liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
??
chylomicron
What lipoprotein:
transports triglyceride from liver to tissue
??
VLDL
What lipoprotein:
‘transports cholesterol from the liver to tissues’
??
LDL
What are the three main pathways responsible for the generation and transport of lipids in the body?
exogenous pathway, endogenous pathway, reverse cholesterol transport
What enzyme do chylomicrons express when they meet tissues?
lipoprotein lipase
breaks down triglycerides to form fatty acids and glycerol which can be absorbed
How are chylomicron remnant particles removed from the plasma?
binding of apoE to remnant receptor
What is the first step of the endogenous pathway?
newly arrived/synthesised fatty acids and cholesterol are packaged into VLDL’s
What is the purpose of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway?
to bring back excess cholesterol in the tissues to the liver
this can help prevent atherosclerosis
What receptor becomes activated when there is too much cholesterol in the peripheral tissues?
ABCA1
What are foam cells?
a macrophage that engulfs damaged LDL’s causing the macrophage to become poisoned and die
it transforms into a foam cell
damaged LDL is recognised by savenger receptor on macrophage
How does risk of CHD change at increasing levels of HDL?
risk decreases
HDL can be seen as a protective factor against CHD
How can familial hypercholesterolaemia affect concentration of LDL in the blood?
less or no LDL receptors on peripheral tissues
more LDL in the bloodstream that are vulnerable to oxidation by free radicals
LDL receptor takes up LDL’s by receptor mediated endocytosis
Describe this process
