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Cell Physiology and Pharmacology > Lipid Membrane 1 > Flashcards

Lipid Membrane 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristics are important for membranes?

A

Electrical characteristics

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2
Q

What can change the properties? HINT P

A

Protein changes the properties

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3
Q

Membranes are dynamic - true/false?

A

True

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4
Q

What experiment was essential to disovering fluid mosaic of membranes?

A

Cryofracture experiment

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5
Q

What does the fluid mosaic model show?

A

That the membrane is formed from lipid bilayers with proteins in the middle, that are arranged in an electrically stable way

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6
Q

What can bending the protein do in terms of energy?

A

By bending the proteins, can get the better energetic configuration and they can have multiple transmembrane spans

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7
Q

Are proteins always directly attached to membranes themselves?

A

No you can have proteins that are attached to other protein residues.

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8
Q

What are the membrane functions? HINT 8

A
  • Compartmentalisation: contains the cell - the intracellular components
  • Membrane isolates the cell depending on permeability and this allows formation of membrane voltage
  • Receives signals by expressing receptors
  • Signals need to be transcribed later on so the membrane holds the components that forms the signalling cascade.
  • Scaffold for biochemical activity – membrane rafts
  • Transport: it is a selectively permeable barrier
  • Receptors: responds to external signals and allows for cellular interactions with each other
  • Membrane enables energy transduction
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9
Q

What is lipid bilayer of membrane made up of?

A

Hydrophilic (love water) phospholipid head groups on either side and associated fatty acids which are hydrophobic (hate water).

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10
Q

What are the 3 most important membrane lipids?

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol and sphingolipids

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11
Q

What is the formula for glycerol?

A

CH2OH

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12
Q

Which is healthier - unsaturated/saturated?

A

unsaturated is healthier

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13
Q

Are phospholipids amphipathic and if so what does this mean?

A

Yes, phospholipids are amphipathic and this means that they are mostly lipid like but they have a hydrophilic region at one end. BOTH HYDROPHOBIC AND HYDROPHILIC

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14
Q

Is Phosphatidylinositol an important molecule in regards to molecule cascades?

A

Yes Phosphatidylinositol is an important molecule in regards to molecular cascades.

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15
Q

What makes up a phospholipid?

A

3 carbons, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate

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16
Q

What phospholipid has the base choline?

A

Phosphatidylcholine

17
Q

What phospholipid has the base estanolamine?

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

18
Q

What phospholipid has the base serine?

A

Phosphatidylserine

19
Q

What phospholipid has the base ionistol?

A

Phosphatidylinositol

20
Q

What is phosphatidylcholine made up of?

A

Fatty acid, glycerol, phosphate group and choline

21
Q

How is a sphingolipid made?

A

Formed by a sphingosine and a fatty acid

22
Q

What do sphingolipids have structural and biological functions in?

A

In the human epidermis

23
Q

Are ceramides apart of extracellular lipids and if so what do they do?

A

Ceramides are apart of extracellular lipids and they act as a barrier to the skin

24
Q

Why is vitamin C good for your skin?

A

Vitamin C creams are good for your skin as it gives your skin’s barrier strength to keep mosturise in it.

25
Q

What do sugars normally found in extracellular spaces allow for?

A

They allow for many interactions

26
Q

What is cholesterol most important for?

A

Functionality of the membrane

27
Q

Is cholesterol an amphipathic molecule?

A

Yes cholesterol is an amphipathic molecule

28
Q

Why is cholesterol bad for cardiovascular health?

A

Cholesterol is bad for cardiovascular health as it leads to very rigid membranes which are then very fragile and can cause build up in the heart and an accumulation of oxidative stress.

29
Q

What is DHA?

A

Docosahexanoic acid

30
Q

What is EPA?

A

Eicosapentaenoic acid

31
Q

What is AA?

A

Arachidonic acid

32
Q

What must fatty acids have?

A

They must have some structure through rigidity but must be flexible

33
Q

4 things to describe saturated fatty acids:

A

No double bonds
Space saving
More rigid
Fragile membranes

34
Q

Do saturated fatty acids normally have long/short carbon chains?

A

Long carbon chains

35
Q

What is the main idea with saturated fatty acids?

A

Idea is that there’s nothing that can be added easily as all the carbons are covalently bonded elsewhere.

36
Q

What are saturated fatty acids useful for in terms of membranes?

A

They are useful to embed the membrane with rigidtiy

37
Q

What problems arises with saturated fatty acids?

A

Problem is that when a structure is too rigid it is also therefore too fragile.
If it is too fragile then the membrane cannot adapt to changing environment and this therefore interferes with the membrane function.

Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (1 decks)

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