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Cardiovascular - Pharmacology > Lipid lowering agents, anti-anginal therapy, and cardiac glycosides > Flashcards

Lipid lowering agents, anti-anginal therapy, and cardiac glycosides Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of statins?

A

Inhibit conversion of HMG-Coa to mevolonate, a cholesterol precursor.Results in decreased synthesis of cholesterol, and increased LDL uptake of cholesterol into the liver

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2
Q

What is the effect of statins on LDL, HDL, and Triglycerides

A

BIG decrease LDL, increase HDL, Decrease triglycerides

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3
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A

Hepatotoxicity (incr LFTs), myopathy

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4
Q

What other lipid-lowering agents increase the risk of myopathy when used with statins?

A

Fibrates and niacin.

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bile acid resins? (cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam)

A

Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver must use cholesterol to make more

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6
Q

What is the effect of bile acid resins on LDL, HDL, and Triglycerides

A

Medium decrease LDL, Slightly Incr HDL and triglycerides

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7
Q

What are the side effects of bile acid resins?

A

GI upset, decreased absorption of other drugs and fat-soluble vitamins

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8
Q

What is the effect of using bile acid resins with statins?

A

Bile acid resins decrease statin absorption

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of ezetimibe?

A

Prevent cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border

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10
Q

What is the effect of ezetimibe on LDL, HDL, and Triglycerides?

A

Medium decrease LDL. No change HDL/triglycerides

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11
Q

What are the side effects of ezetimibe?

A

Rare increase in LFTS, diarrhea

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of fibrates? (gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate)

A

Upregulates LPL –> Incr TG clearance

Activates PPAR-alpha to induce HDL synthesis

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13
Q

What is the effect of fibrates on LDL, HDL, and Triglycerides?

A

Decr LDL, Incr HDL, BIG triglyceride decrease

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14
Q

What are the side effects of fibrates?

A

Myopathy (incr risk w/ statins), cholesterol gallstones

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of niacin (B3)?

A

Inhibits lipolysis (hormone-sensitive lipase) in adipose tissue, reduces hepatic VLDL synthesis

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16
Q

What is the effect of niacin on LDL, HDL, and Triglycerides?

A

Medium decr in LDL, Medium Incr in HDL, Decr in triglycerides

17
Q

What are the side effects of niacin?

A

Red flushed face (decr w/ NSAIDs or long term use)
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia

Cardiovascular - Pharmacology (3 decks)

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