Lipid Classification Flashcards
_____ have no double bonds (carbons have a maximal single bonds)
Saturated Fatty Acids
____carbons have 1 or more double bonds (mono-or polyunsaturated)
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
In unsaturated fatty acids, the double bonds: (3 things)
- are in the cis conformation (not trans)
- cause fatty acid bends “kinks”
- Are spaced at 3-C intervals
What are the effects on melting temperature and fluidity?
a) introduction of double bonds REDUCES Tm and INCREASES fluidity
b) . increasing chain length INCREASES Tm, DECREASES fluidity
c) . Membrane phospholipids typically have LCFAs and thus contain double bonds to IMPROVE fluidity characteristics.
What are the 2 essential fatty acids that plants provide that humans cannot synthesize?
Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
____ becomes essential if Linoleic acid is deficient in the diet
Arachidonic acid
Why is Linoleic acid considered an essential fatty acid?
It is a precursor for other shorter w-6 FA
Arachnoid is considered an essential fatty acid because
it is a substrate for prostaglandin synthesis
Why is alpha-linolenic acid considered an essential fatty acid?
It is a precursor for w-3 fatty acids: it is important for growth and development
Fatty acids with chain lengths with 4-10 carbons are found in significant quantities in ____
milk
Short and Medium chain length fatty acids contain ___ carbons
4-10
Long chain fatty acids contain ____
16-22
Very long chain Fatty Acids contain
> 22
There are two forms of fatty acids:
unesterified and esterified fatty acids
The free fatty acids are called
unesterified
The fatty acyl esters are called
esterified
Free fatty acids are used as structural components of membrane lipids such as
phospholipids; glycolipids and sphingolipids
Name the 4 uses for fatty acids:
- structural components of membrane lipids
- Conjugation to proteins for membrane anchoring properties
- Oxidized to provide energy
- Precursors for hormone-like prostaglandins
___ are the precursors used to form more complex molecules (such as TAG)
Fatty acyl esters
Fatty acyl esters are stored in
adipose tissue as TAG
Fatty acyl esters serve as the
major energy reserve for the body
90% of plasma fatty acids are ____ contained in lipoprotein particles.
Fatty acid esters
Name the lipoprotein particles
TAG, cholesteryl esters, phospholipids
Most tissues can take up ______
Free Fatty Acids
Give two examples of point of origin of fatty acids
from TAG in adipose tissue
from circulating lipoproteins
______ is important for de novo synthesis
Palmitic acid (16:0)
Name the acids that are common in milk.
Butyric Acid and Capric Acid
Name the acids that are synthesized within the brain tissue
Lignoceric Acid and Nervonic
De Novo synthesis of palmitic acid is produced in the
cytosol
______ are predominantly hydrophobic and must be in association with protein for circulation solubility
LCFA
