Lipid and cell membrane structure-15/16 Flashcards
What are micelles and why do they form
micelles are essentially little lipid balls formed by fatty acids when placed in an aqueous environment. hydrophilic polar heads on the outside, hydrophobic non polar tails on the inside
how are fatty acids named
Fatty Acids are numbered from carboxyl-end (α-C) to methyl-end (ω-C)
what do the following suffixes tell you about the fatty acid
- oic acid
- oate
- oic Acid = protonated/acid
- oate = deprotonated/conjugate base
How are omega (ω) fatty acids named?
Omega fatty acids are named for the position
of the double bond closest to the methyl (ω)
end of the fatty acid- start counting form the Omega fatty acids are named for the position
of the double bond closest to the methyl (ω)- start counting at omega carbon
What are the 5 types of omega 3 fatty acids
linolenic acid stearidonic acid docosapentaenoic acid eicospanetanoic acid docosahexanoic acid
what are the 3 types of omega 6 fatty acids
linoleic acid
arachidonic acid
docosapentaenoic acid
What are the two fatty acids that cant be synthesized by humans
linoleic and linolenic ( converted to EPA and DHA)
what are the 3 categories of lipids found in the cell membrane
phospholipids- contains phosphate
glycolipids- contains sugar
cholesterol
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds- laurate
12,0
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds-myristate
14,0
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds
palmitate
16,0
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds
sterate
18,0
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds
arachidate
20,0
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds
behenate
22,0
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds
lignocerate
24,0
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds
palmitoleate
16,1
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds
oleaate
18,1
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds
linoleate
18,2
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds
linolenate
18,3
for the given FA tell number of carbons and number of double bonds
arachidonate
20,4
list the names of the common saturated FA
lauric, mystiric, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric
list the names of the unsaturated FA
plamitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, EPA, DHA
What is the difference between triacylglycerol and waxes
waxes have a polar head mead of alcohol
TAGs have a polar head made of glycerol with 3 FA tails
glycerophosphospholipids are a major component of cell membranes, describe their composisiton
glycerol backbone
FA tails
phosphate- attached to alcohol
what are the common alchols that are can be added to a glycerophosphospholipid
aa-serine
organics-ethanolamine, choline
sugar-insitol, glycerol
What is the role of glycolipids in the cell membrane
important in ABO blood types and cell signaling
What is the role of cholesterol in cell membrane
adds rigidity to the cell membrane
What are the main functions of membrane proteins
receive external signals
transmit signals to aNother cell
allow solutes through the membrane
help determine membrane thickness and rigidity
Lipid membranes are 2D fluids meaning that they only allow what type of movement
lateral movement need enzyme flippase for transverse movement
What determines membrane fluidity in humans
cholesterol determines membrane rigidity by counteracting the way fatty acids interact
