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biochem 2 > Lipid and biological membrane > Flashcards

Lipid and biological membrane Flashcards

1
Q

some general features of biological membrane

A
  • made up lipid bilayers
  • fluidity, semipermeable
    -asymmetry
  • noncovalent
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2
Q

what does lipid made of?

A

fatty acid

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3
Q

what other factors can be found on lipid bilayer?

A

membrane protein (pumps, channels, receptors)

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4
Q

how to name saturated fatty acid?

A

add - anoic acid/ -anate

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5
Q

how to name unsaturated fatty acid with one double bond?

A

add -enoic acid/ -enate

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6
Q

how to name unsaturated fatty acid with two double bond?

A

add -dienoic/ -dienate

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7
Q

delta number show the position of the double bond from ?

A

head to tail (from COOH)

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8
Q

omega number show the position of the double bond from ?

A

tail to head (from CH3)

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9
Q

some general feature of fatty acids

A
  • long carbon chain (16-18 C)
  • unbranched
  • can be saturated/ unsaturated
  • water insoluble
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10
Q

why does lipid is used to form membrane?

A

because of hydrophobic property

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11
Q

3 common types of membrane lipid

A
  • phospholipid
  • glycolipid
  • cholesterol
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12
Q

2 types of phospholipid

A
  • phosphoglyceride
  • sphingolipid
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13
Q

general structure of phosphoglyceride

A

2 fatty acid + glycerol + phosphate + alcohol

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14
Q

what is the simplest phosphoglyceride?

A

phosphotidate

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15
Q

why does phosphotidate is the simplest form of phosphoglceride?

A

phosphate is not further modified

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16
Q

structure of phosphotidate

A

2 fatty acid + glycerol + phosphate

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17
Q

structure of sphingolipid

A

sphingosine-base + amino alcohol

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18
Q

structure of glycolipid

A

cerebroside + glucose/ galactose

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19
Q

structure of cholesterol

A
  • 4 hydrocarbon rings
  • Oriented parallel to fatty acid chains of
    phospholipids in membranes
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20
Q

structure of Archaea’s lipid

A

ether lipid with branched chains

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21
Q

which part (head/ tail) is hydrophobic?

A

tail

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22
Q

which structure can fatty acid form?

A

micelles

23
Q

which structure can lipids form?

A

liposomes

24
Q

what are some interactions stabilize the bilayer?

A

hydrophobic, van der Waals, electrostatic, H-bonds

25
Q

technique to insert ion/molecule into liposomes

A

sonicating (using soundwave)

26
Q

how do liposomes self-reproducing?

A

at pH= 8.5, oleate anhydride is hydrolyze into oleate

27
Q

which fatty acid can form vesicles?

A

oleate

28
Q

why water is the exception for membrane permeability?

A
  • low molecular weight
  • high concentration
  • lack of complete charge
29
Q

3 groups of membrane proteins

A
  • integral protein
  • peripheral protein
  • lipid-linked protein
30
Q

what interaction does integral membrane protein have?

A

nonpolar interactions

31
Q

what interaction does peripheral membrane protein have?

A

electrostatic and hydrogen bond interaction with head of lipid

32
Q

when do soluble proteins can associate with membrane?

A

when hydrophobic groups are attached to the proteins (covalently)

33
Q

3 hydrophobic groups

A
  • palmitoyl group
  • farnesyl group
  • glycosylphosphatidylinositol
    (GPI) anchor
34
Q

where does palmitoyl group bind?

A

attached to Cys by a thioester bond

35
Q

where does farnesyl group bind?

A

attached to Cys at carboxyl terminus

36
Q

where does glycosylphosphatidylinositol
(GPI) anchor bind?

A

attached to carboxyl terminus

37
Q

which structure would likely to have lower Tm?

A

short, unsaturated chain

38
Q

You are trying to fractionate the proteins of a
membrane. In general, in which order (from easiest
to hardest) will proteins be release from the
membrane?

A

peripheral < lipid-linked < integral protein

39
Q

A beta barrel has a hydrophilic interior and a
hydrophobic exterior. What pattern do you expect to
see in the proteins primary structure?
A. A long stretch of hydrophobic amino acids
B. Approximate 20 hydrophobic amino acids followed by 20
hydrophilic amino acids
C. A long stretch of hydrophilic amino acids
D. Alternating hydrophilic/hydrophobic amino acids
E. Will depend on the function of the beta barrel

A

D. Alternating hydrophilic/hydrophobic amino acids

40
Q

which type of membrane that serves as an electrical insulator around certain nerve fibers and have low content of protein?

A

myelin

41
Q

which type of membrane protein that required detergent to release protein?

A

homodimeric integral membrane protein

42
Q

what is the structure of the homodimeric integral membrane protein?

A

bound by a set of α helices that extend from the bottom of the protein
into the membrane

43
Q

where is integral protein located?

A

lies on the along the outer surface of the membrane

44
Q

Tm decreases with ____________ concentration of
cholesterol

A

increased

45
Q

what does lipid raft contains?

A

Made by sphingosine-containing glycolipids, proteins, and cholesterol

46
Q

what is the function of rigidity of lipid raft?

A
  • prevent receptors from diffusing away
  • Serves as scaffold to bring receptors together and preclude other proteins
47
Q

explain how does membranes are asymmetric

A

All biological membranes have different lipid components and enzymatic activity on each
layer

48
Q

which type of diffusion move thru membrane laterally, rapid, and spontaneous?

A

lateral diffusion

49
Q

which type of diffusion transition from one side of the membrane to another, usually slow?

A

transverse diffusion (flip-flop)

50
Q

which type of membrane does not have cell wall, but have plasma membrane?

A

eukaryotic membrane

51
Q

which type of membrane has 1 lipid bilayer?

A

prokaryotic membrane (gram +)

52
Q

which type of membrane has 2 seperate lipid bilayers?

A

prokaryotic membrane (gram -)

53
Q

what is the similarity between sphingolipid and glycolipids?

A

both made from sphinogosine

biochem 2 (6 decks)

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