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System Scripting And Programming > Linux(Unit-3) > Flashcards

Linux(Unit-3) Flashcards

1
Q

Who wrote published the linux version 2.4 source code?

A

Linus Torvalds

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2
Q

Whats Linux OS?

A

The linux open source operating system or linux OS is a freely distributable cross platform operating system based on unix that can be installed on PCs laptops etc

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3
Q

What does the linux system consists of?

A

The kernel,System library,Hardware layer,System and shell utility

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3
Q

What does the linux system consists of?

A

The kernel,System library,Hardware layer,System and shell utility

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4
Q

Whats Kernel?

A

The kernel is one of the core section of an operating system.it is responsible for each of the major actions of the linux OS this operating system contains distinct types of modules and cooperates with underlying hardware directly the kernel facilitates requires abstraction for hiding details of low level hardware or application programs to the system. There are some of the important kernel types which are mentioned below:
Monolithic Kernel
Micro Kernel
Exo kernels
Hybrid Kernels

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5
Q

What are System Libraries

A

System Libraries:- These libraries can be specified as some special functions there are applied for implementing the operating system’s functionality and dont need code access rights of the modules of kernel

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6
Q

What are system Utility PRograms?

A

It is responsible for doing specialized level and individual activities

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7
Q

What are Hardware layer?

A

Linux OS contains a hardware layer that consists of several devices like CPU,HDD,RAM

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8
Q

Whats Shell?

A

It is an interface among the kernel and user.It can afford the services of kernel. It can take commands through the user and runs the functions of the kernel. The shell is available in distinct types of OSs. These OS are categorized into two different types, which are the graphical shells and command line shells

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9
Q

What are Graphical Line Shells?

A

The graphical line shells facilitate the graphical user interface, while the command line shells facilitate the command line facilitate the command line interface. Thus, both of these implement operations. However, the graphical user interface shells work slower as compared to the command line interface shells

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10
Q

What are the Features of Linux?
(Multiuser capability,Multitasking,Portability,Security,Live CD/USB)

A

Multiuser capability: Multiple users can access the same system resources like memory, hard disk. But they have to use different terminals to operate
Multitasking: More than one function can be performed simultaneously by dividing he CPU time intelligently
Portability: Portability doesn’t mean it is smaller in file size or can be carries in pen drives or memory cards. It means that it support different types of hardware.
Security: It provides security in three ways namely authenticating(By assigning password and loading Is, authorization(by assigning permission to read write and execute) and encryption(Converts file into an unreadable format).
Use CD/USB: Almost all linux distros provide live CS/USB so that users can run/try it without installing it.

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11
Q

What are the Features of the Linux?
GUI,Supports customizes keyboard, Application Support,File System,Open Source

A

GUI: Linux is command line based OS but it can be converted to GUI based by installing packages
Support’s customized keyboard: as it used worldwide,hence supports different languages keyboards.
Application support: It has its own software repository from where users can download and install many applications
File system: Provides hierarchical file system in which files and directories are arranged
Open Source: Linux code is freely available to all and is a community based development project.

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12
Q

Linux OS features are?

A

Portable: Linux OS can perform different types of hardware and the kernel of Linux supports the installation of any type of hardware environment.
Open source: Linux OS source code is available freely and for enhancing the capability of the Linux OS, Several teams are performing in collaboration
Multiprogramming: Linus OS can be defined as a multiprogramming system. It means more than one application can be executed at the same time
Multi-User: Linux OS can also be defined as multiuser system. It means more than one year can use the resources of the system such as application programs,memory or RAM at the same time
Security: Linus OS facilitates user security systems with the help of various features of authentication such as controlled access to specific files, password protection, or data encryption
Shell: Linux operating system facilitates a unique interpreter program. This type of program can be applied for executing commands of the OS. it can be applied to perform various types of tasks such as call application programs and others.

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13
Q

What are the Drawbacks of Linux?(Hardware Drivers,Software Alternative)

A

Hardware Drivers: Most of the users of Linux face an issue while using Linux. Various companies hardware prefer to build drivers for Mac or windows due to they contain several users than Linux. Linus has small drivers for peripheral hardware than windows
Software alternative: Lets take the Photoshop example which is a famous tool for graphic editing photoshop exists for Windows; however, it is not available in linux. Also there are some other tools for photo editing but the photoshop tool is more powerful as compare to others.

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13
Q

What are the Drawbacks of Linux?(Hardware Drivers,Software Alternative)

A

Hardware Drivers: Most of the users of Linux face an issue while using Linux. Various companies hardware prefer to build drivers for Mac or windows due to they contain several users than Linux. Linus has small drivers for peripheral hardware than windows
Software alternative: Lets take the Photoshop example which is a famous tool for graphic editing photoshop exists for Windows; however, it is not available in linux. Also there are some other tools for photo editing but the photoshop tool is more powerful as compare to others.

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14
Q

What are the drawbacks of Linux?(Learning curve,Games)

A

Learning curve: Linux isn’t a very user-friendly OS. Hence, it might be confusing for many beginners. Getting begun with windows is efficient and easy for many beginners; however,understanding linux working is complex. We have to understand the command line interface and finding for newer software is a little bit complex as well. when we face any issue in the OS, The Searching solution is very problematic. Also, there are various experts for mac and Windows as compare to Linux.
Games: Several games are developed for windows but unfortunately not for Linux. Because the platform of Windows is used widely. So, the Developers of the games are more interested in windows.

15
Q

Are Ubuntu and Linux Different?

A

Yes the primary difference between window and lnixu is that window is open source and free OS and its linux distribution based on Debian, Whereas Linux is a large collection Of open-source OSs that are working based on Linux Kernel.
Besides, Ubuntu is a distribution of Linux and Linux is a core system.

16
Q

User mode vs Kernel Mode

A

The code of kerel component runs in a unique privilege mood known as kernel mode along with complete access to every computer resource. This code illustrates an individual process, runs in an individual address space, and don’t need the context switch. Hence it is very fast and efficient.
Kernel Executes all the processes and facilitates carious services of a system to the processes. Also, it facilitates secured access to processes to hardware
the support code that is not needed to execute in kernel mode is inside the system library. The user programs and other types of system programs are implemented in the user mode.

17
Q

Whats Linux file System Hierarchy?

A

The Linux File Hierarchy Structure or the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard(FHS) defines the directory structure and directory contents in Unix-like Operating Systems. It is maintained by the Linux Foundation.

18
Q

What are Linux File System Hierarchy Content Types?

A

Persistent: These are the contents which should be persistent after a reboot, e.g system and applications configuration settings
Runtime: Content generated by a running process; usually deleted by a reboot
Variables/Dynamic: These content may be appended or modified by processes running in the Linux system.
Static content: This remains unchanged until explicitly edited or reconfigured.

19
Q

Explain the given Linux Directories
/etc

A

Contains configuration files used by system services

20
Q

Explain the given Linux Directories
/root

A

This is a home directory for the linux superuser account,root

21
Q

Explain the given Linux Directories
/boot

A

Contains all the files needed to start the boot process

22
Q

Explain the given Linux Directories
/home

A

This where standard user store their personal configurations and data such as Documents,Videos,Music /etc

23
Q

Explain the given Linux Directories
/var

A

Has variable data that is required to persist between boots- databases,log files,mails,cache directories, web data etc.

24
Q

Explain the given Linux Directories
/tmp

A

Stores temporary files.All Linux users can write the this directory.Files older than 10 days are deleted automatically.

25
Q

Explain the given Linux Directories
/usr

A

This directory contains shared libraries,installed software,and read-pnly program data
some of the imp subdirectories include:
/usr/bin: Mostly user commands are located
/usr/sbin:Hosts System administrative commands that required privilege escalation to run.
/usr/local: For locally customized software

26
Q

Explain the given Linux Directories
/dev

A

This contains special device files used by the system to access hardware.

27
Q

Explain the given Linux Directories
/run

A

The processes started since the last boot stores their runtime data here e.g. process IF files and lock files. These contents are recreated on reboot

28
Q

Linux vs Windows

A

Linux is freely available on online downloads for windows companies have pay for their license
Windows need up to date time to time, its updating process is slower than linux
Linux supports backward compatibility unlike to the windows
Most of the software made on the windows are need to be licensed but in linux all of them are freely available

System Scripting And Programming (3 decks)

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