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Shell Commands > Linux Shell Commands - Command Summary > Flashcards

Linux Shell Commands - Command Summary Flashcards

1
Q

a2p

A

Creates a Perl script from an awk script.

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2
Q

ac

A

Prints statistics about user connection time.

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3
Q

access

A

A system function which checks real user’s permissions to access a file.

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4
Q

addgroup

A

Adds a new group to the system.

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5
Q

adduser

A

Adds a new user to the system.

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6
Q

agrep

A

Version of the grep utility which also matches approximate patterns.

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7
Q

alias

A

Creates another name for a command or command string.

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8
Q

apropos

A

Searches the manual pages for a keyword or regular expression.

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9
Q

apt-cache

A

Queries the APT software package cache.

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10
Q

apt-get

A

Command line tool for working with APT software packages.

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11
Q

aptitude

A

Text-based front-end for the APT package management system.

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12
Q

ar

A

Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives.

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13
Q

arch

A

Displays the architecture of the current host.

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14
Q

arp

A

Manipulate the system ARP cache.

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15
Q

as

A

An assembler.

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16
Q

aspell

A

Interactive spell checker.

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17
Q

at

A

Command scheduler.

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18
Q

awk

A

Awk script processing program.

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19
Q

basename

A

Deletes any specified prefix from a string.

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20
Q

bash

A

Command Bourne interpreter

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21
Q

bc

A

Calculator.

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22
Q

bdiff

A

Compare large files.

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23
Q

bfs

A

Editor for large files.

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24
Q

bg

A

Continues a program running in the background.

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25
Q

biff

A

Enable and disable incoming mail notifications.

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26
Q

break

A

Break out of while, for, foreach, or until loop.

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27
Q

bs

A

Battleship game.

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28
Q

bye

A

Alias often used for the exit command.

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29
Q

cal

A

Calendar.

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30
Q

calendar

A

Display appointments and reminders.

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31
Q

cancel

A

Cancels a print job.

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32
Q

cat

A

View or modify a file.

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33
Q

cc

A

C compiler.

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34
Q

cd

A

Change directory.

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35
Q

cfdisk

A

A more user-friendly version of the fdisk disk partitioning utility.

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36
Q

chdir

A

Change directory.

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37
Q

checkeq

A

Language processors to assist in describing equations.

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38
Q

checknr

A

Check nroff and troff files for any errors.

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39
Q

chfn

A

Modify your own information or if superuser or root modify another users information.

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40
Q

chgrp

A

Change a groups access to a file or directory.

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41
Q

chkey

A

Change the secure RPC key pair.

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42
Q

chmod

A

Change the permission of a file.

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43
Q

chown

A

Change the ownership of a file.

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44
Q

chroot

A

Run a command or shell from another directory, and treats that directory as root.

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45
Q

chsh

A

Change login shell.

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46
Q

cksum

A

Display and calculate a CRC for files.

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47
Q

clear

A

Clears screen.

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48
Q

cmp

A

Compare files.

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49
Q

col

A

Reverse line-feeds filter.

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50
Q

comm

A

Compare files and select or reject lines that are common.

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51
Q

compress

A

Compress files on a computer.

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52
Q

continue

A

Break out of while, for, foreach, or until loop.

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53
Q

cp

A

Copy files.

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54
Q

cpio

A

Creates archived CPIO files.

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55
Q

crontab

A

Create and list files that you want to run on a regular schedule.

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56
Q

crypt

A

Function used to encrypt passwords.

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57
Q

csh

A

Execute the C shell command interpreter

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58
Q

csplit

A

Split files based on context.

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59
Q

ctags

A

Create a tag file for use with ex and vi.

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60
Q

cu

A

Calls or connects to another Unix system, terminal or non-Unix system.

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61
Q

curl

A

Transfer a URL.

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62
Q

cut

A

Cut out selected fields of each line of a file.

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63
Q

date

A

Tells you the date and time in Unix.

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64
Q

dc

A

An arbitrary precision arithmetic package.

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65
Q

dd

A

Convert and copy a file.

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66
Q

delgroup

A

Remove a group from the system.

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67
Q

deluser

A

Remove a user from the system.

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68
Q

depmod

A

Generates a list of kernel module dependences, modules.dep, and associated map files.

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69
Q

deroff

A

Removes nroff/troff, tbl, and eqn constructs.

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70
Q

df

A

Display the available disk space for each mount.

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71
Q

dhclient

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client.

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72
Q

diff

A

Displays two files and prints the lines that are different.

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73
Q

dig

A

DNS lookup utility.

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74
Q

dircmp

A

Lists the different files when comparing directories.

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75
Q

dirname

A

Deliver portions of path names.

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76
Q

dmesg

A

Print or control the kernel ring buffer.

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77
Q

dos2unix

A

Converts text files between DOS and Unix formats.

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78
Q

dpkg

A

Queries, installs, removes, and maintains Debian software packages and their dependencies.

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79
Q

dpost

A

Translates files created by troff into PostScript.

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80
Q

du

A

Tells you how much space a file occupies.

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81
Q

echo

A

Displays text after echo to the terminal.

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82
Q

ed

A

Line oriented file editor.

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83
Q

edit

A

Text editor.

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84
Q

egrep

A

Search a file for a pattern using full regular expressions.

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85
Q

eject

A

Ejects removable media.

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86
Q

elm

A

Program command used to send and receive e-mail.

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87
Q

emacs

A

Text editor.

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88
Q

enable

A

Enables and disables LP printers.

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89
Q

env

A

Displays environment variables.

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90
Q

eqn

A

Language processors to assist in describing equations.

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91
Q

ex

A

Line-editor mode of the vi text editor.

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92
Q

exit

A

Exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.

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93
Q

expand

A

Expand copies of files.

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94
Q

expr

A

Evaluate arguments as an expression.

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95
Q

fc

A

Lists, edits, or re-executes commands previously entered.

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96
Q

fdisk

A

A disk partioning utility.

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97
Q

fg

A

Continues a stopped job by running it in the foreground

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98
Q

fgrep

A

Search a file for a fixed-character string.

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99
Q

file

A

Tells you if the object you are looking at is a file or a directory.

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100
Q

find

A

Finds files within a directory hierarchy.

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101
Q

findsmb

A

List info about machines that respond to SMB name queries on a subnet.

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102
Q

finger

A

Lists information about the user.

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103
Q

fmt

A

Simple text formatters.

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104
Q

fold

A

Filter for folding lines.

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105
Q

for

A

Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.

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106
Q

foreach

A

Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.

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107
Q

free

A

Display amount of free and used memory in the system

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108
Q

fsck

A

Check and repair a Linux file system.

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109
Q

ftp

A

Enables ftp access to another terminal.

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110
Q

fuser

A

Identify processes using files or sockets.

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111
Q

gawk

A

Powerful pattern-matching and processing language.

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112
Q

getfacl

A

Display discretionary file information.

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113
Q

gethostname

A

System call to get the hostname of the current processor.

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114
Q

gpasswd

A

Administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow.

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115
Q

gprof

A

The gprof utility produces an execution profile of a program.

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116
Q

grep

A

Finds text within a file.

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117
Q

groupadd

A

Creates a new group account.

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118
Q

groupdel

A

Enables a superuser or root to remove a group.

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119
Q

groupmod

A

Enables a superuser or root to modify a group.

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120
Q

gunzip

A

Expand compressed files.

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121
Q

gview

A

A programmer’s text editor.

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122
Q

gvim

A

A programmer’s text editor.

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123
Q

gzip

A

Compress files.

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124
Q

halt

A

Stop the computer.

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125
Q

hash

A

Remove internal hash tables.

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126
Q

hashstat

A

Evaluates the effectiveness of internal hash tables.

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127
Q

head

A

Displays the first ten lines of a file, unless otherwise stated.

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128
Q

help

A

Displays help for built-in shell commands.

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129
Q

history

A

Display the command history.

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130
Q

host

A

DNS lookup utility.

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131
Q

hostid

A

Prints the numeric identifier for the current host.

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132
Q

hostname

A

Set or print name of current host system.

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133
Q

id

A

Shows you the numeric user and group ID on BSD.

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134
Q

ifconfig

A

Sets up network interfaces.

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135
Q

ifdown

A

Take a network interface down.

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136
Q

ifup

A

Bring a network interface up.

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137
Q

info

A

Read Info documents.

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138
Q

init

A

Process control initialization.

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139
Q

iostat

A

Reports Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.

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140
Q

ip

A

Show and manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels.

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141
Q

isalist

A

Display the native instruction sets executable on this platform.

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142
Q

iwconfig

A

Configure a wireless network interface.

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143
Q

jobs

A

List the jobs currently running in the background.

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144
Q

join

A

Joins command forms together.

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145
Q

keylogin

A

Decrypt the user’s secret key.

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146
Q

kill

A

Cancels a job.

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147
Q

killall

A

Kills processes by name.

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148
Q

ksh

A

Korn shell command interpreter.

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149
Q

last

A

Displays a listing of the most recently logged-in users.

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150
Q

ld

A

Link-editor for object files.

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151
Q

ldd

A

List dynamic dependencies of executable files or shared objects.

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152
Q

less

A

Opposite of the more command.

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153
Q

lex

A

Generate programs for lexical tasks.

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154
Q

link

A

Calls the link function to create a link to a file.

155
Q

ln

A

Creates a link to a file.

156
Q

lo

A

Allows you to exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.

157
Q

locate

A

List files in databases that match a pattern.

158
Q

login

A

Signs into a new system.

159
Q

logname

A

Returns users login name.

160
Q

logout

A

Logs out of a system.

161
Q

losetup

A

Sets up and controls loop devices.

162
Q

lp

A

Prints a file on System V systems.

163
Q

lpadmin

A

Configure the LP print service.

164
Q

lpc

A

Line printer control program.

165
Q

lpq

A

Lists the status of all the available printers.

166
Q

lpr

A

Submits print requests.

167
Q

lprm

A

Removes print requests from the print queue.

168
Q

lpstat

A

Lists status of the LP print services.

169
Q

ls

A

Lists the contents of a directory.

170
Q

lsof

A

Lists open files.

171
Q

lzcat

A

View compressed .lzma files.

172
Q

lzma

A

Compress files to .lzma file.

173
Q

mach

A

Display the processor of the current host.

174
Q

mail

A

One of the ways that allows you to read/send E-Mail.

175
Q

mailcompat

A

Provide SunOS 4.x compatibility for the Solaris mailbox format.

176
Q

mailx

A

Mail interactive message processing system.

177
Q

make

A

Executes a list of shell commands associated with each target.

178
Q

man

A

Display the documentation (manual page) of a given command.

179
Q

merge

A

Performs a merge of the contents of three files.

180
Q

mesg

A

Control if non-root users can send text messages to you.

181
Q

mii-tool

A

View, manipulate media-independent interface status.

182
Q

mkdir

A

Create a directory.

183
Q

mkfs

A

Build a Linux file system, usually a hard disk partition.

184
Q

mkswap

A

Sets up a Linux swap area.

185
Q

modprobe

A

Adds and removes modules from the linux kernel.

186
Q

more

A

Displays text one screen at a time.

187
Q

mount

A

Creates a file systems and remote resources.

188
Q

mt

A

Magnetic tape control.

189
Q

mv

A

Renames a file or moves it from one directory to another directory.

190
Q

myisamchk

A

Checks, repairs, optimises, or fetches information about a MySQL database.

191
Q

mysql

A

An open-source relational database management system.

192
Q

mysqldump

A

A tool for backing up or transferring mysql databases.

193
Q

nc

A

TCP/IP swiss army knife.

194
Q

neqn

A

Language processors to assist in describing equations.

195
Q

netstat

A

Shows network status.

196
Q

newalias

A

Install new elm aliases for user or system.

197
Q

newform

A

Change the format of a text file.

198
Q

newgrp

A

Log into a new group.

199
Q

nice

A

Invokes a command with an altered scheduling priority.

200
Q

niscat

A

Display NIS+ tables and objects.

201
Q

nischmod

A

Change access rights on a NIS+ object.

202
Q

nischown

A

Change the owner of a NIS+ object on a system running Solaris.

203
Q

nischttl

A

Change the time to live value of a NIS+ object.

204
Q

nisdefaults

A

Display NIS+ default values.

205
Q

nisgrep

A

Utilities for searching NIS+ tables.

206
Q

nismatch

A

Utilities for searching NIS+ tables.

207
Q

nispasswd

A

Change NIS+ password information.

208
Q

nistbladm

A

NIS+ table administration command.

209
Q

nl

A

Numbers the lines in a file.

210
Q

nmap

A

Network exploration tool and security port scanner.

211
Q

nohup

A

Runs a command even if the session is disconnected or the user logs out.

212
Q

nroff

A

Formats documents for display or line-printer.

213
Q

nslookup

A

Queries a name server for a host or domain lookup.

214
Q

od

A

Dump files in octal and other formats.

215
Q

on

A

Execute a command on a remote system, but with the local environment.

216
Q

onintr

A

Shell built-in functions to respond to (hardware) signals.

217
Q

optisa

A

Determine which variant instruction set is optimal to use.

218
Q

pack

A

Shrinks file into a compressed file.

219
Q

pagesize

A

Display the size of a page of memory in bytes, as returned by getpagesize.

220
Q

parted

A

A disk partition manipulation program.

221
Q

partprobe

A

Informs the operating system about changes to the partition table.

222
Q

passwd

A

Allows you to change your password.

223
Q

paste

A

Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files.

224
Q

pax

A

Read/write and writes lists of the members of archive files and copy directory hierarchies.

225
Q

pcat

A

Compresses file.

226
Q

perl

A

Perl is a programming language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files.

227
Q

pg

A

Files perusal filters for CRTs.

228
Q

pgrep

A

Examine the active processes on the system and reports the process IDs of the processes

229
Q

pico

A

Simple and very easy to use text editor in the style of the Pine Composer.

230
Q

pine

A

Command line program for Internet News and Email.

231
Q

ping

A

Sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.

232
Q

pkill

A

Examine the active processes on the system and reports the process IDs of the processes

233
Q

poweroff

A

Stop the computer.

234
Q

pr

A

Formats a file to make it look better when printed.

235
Q

priocntrl

A

Displays or sets scheduling parameters of processes.

236
Q

printenv

A

Prints all or part of environment.

237
Q

printf

A

Write formatted output.

238
Q

ps

A

Reports the process status.

239
Q

pstree

A

Displays processes in tree format.

240
Q

pvs

A

Display the internal version information of dynamic objects within an ELF file.

241
Q

pwd

A

Print the current working directory.

242
Q

quit

A

Allows you to exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.

243
Q

rcp

A

Copies files from one computer to another computer.

244
Q

readlink

A

Prints the value of a symbolic link or canonical file name.

245
Q

reboot

A

Stop the computer.

246
Q

red

A

The “restricted” version of a line-oriented file editor.

247
Q

rehash

A

Recomputes the internal hash table of the contents of directories listed in the path.

248
Q

rename

A

Renames multiple files using a regular expression.

249
Q

renice

A

Alters the priority of running processes.

250
Q

repeat

A

Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.

251
Q

replace

A

A string-replacement utility.

252
Q

rgview

A

A programmer’s text editor.

253
Q

rgvim

A

A programmers text editor.

254
Q

rlogin

A

Establish a remote connection from your terminal to a remote machine.

255
Q

rm

A

Deletes a file without confirmation (by default).

256
Q

rmdir

A

Deletes a directory.

257
Q

rn

A

Reads newsgroups.

258
Q

route

A

Show and manipulate the IP routing table.

259
Q

rpcinfo

A

Report RPC information.

260
Q

rsh

A

Runs a command on another computer.

261
Q

rsync

A

Faster, flexible replacement for rcp.

262
Q

rview

A

A programmers text editor.

263
Q

rvim

A

A programmers text editor.

264
Q

s2p

A

Convert a sed script into a Perl script.

265
Q

sag

A

Graphically displays the system activity data stored in a binary data file by a previous sar run.

266
Q

sar

A

Displays the activity for the CPU.

267
Q

scp

A

Transfers files securely over a network connection.

268
Q

screen

A

Screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation.

269
Q

script

A

Records everything printed on your screen.

270
Q

sdiff

A

Compares two files, side-by-side.

271
Q

sed

A

Allows you to use pre-recorded commands to make changes to text.

272
Q

sendmail

A

Sends mail over the Internet.

273
Q

service

A

Runs a System V init script.

274
Q

set

A

Set the value of an environment variable.

275
Q

setenv

A

Set the value of an environment variable.

276
Q

setfacl

A

Modify the Access Control List (ACL) for a file or files.

277
Q

sethostname

A

System calls or set the hostname of the current processor.

278
Q

sfdisk

A

A low-level disk partitioning program.

279
Q

sftp

A

Secure file transfer program.

280
Q

sh

A

Runs or processes jobs through the Bourne shell.

281
Q

shred

A

Delete a file securely, first overwriting it to hide its contents.

282
Q

shutdown

A

Turn off the computer immediately or at a specified time.

283
Q

sleep

A

Waits a x amount of seconds.

284
Q

slogin

A

OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program).

285
Q

smbclient

A

An ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers.

286
Q

sort

A

Sorts the lines in a text file.

287
Q

spell

A

Looks through a text file and reports any words that it finds in the text file that are not in the dictionary.

288
Q

split

A

Split a file into pieces.

289
Q

startx

A

Starts an X Window System session.

290
Q

stat

A

Display file or filesystem status.

291
Q

stop

A

Control process execution.

292
Q

strftime

A

Formats strings that represent the system date and time.

293
Q

strip

A

Discard symbols from object files.

294
Q

stty

A

Sets options for your terminal.

295
Q

su

A

Become superuser or another user.

296
Q

sudo

A

Executes any command as the superuser.

297
Q

swapoff

A

Disables a Linux swap area.

298
Q

swapon

A

Enables a Linux swap area.

299
Q

sysinfo

A

Get and set system information strings.

300
Q

sysklogd

A

Linux system logging utilities.

301
Q

tabs

A

Set tabs on a terminal.

302
Q

tail

A

Delivers the last part of the file.

303
Q

talk

A

Talk with other logged in users.

304
Q

tac

A

Concatenate and print files in reverse.

305
Q

tar

A

Create tape archives and add or extract files.

306
Q

tbl

A

Preprocessor for formatting tables for nroff or troff.

307
Q

tcopy

A

Copy a magnetic tape.

308
Q

tcpdump

A

Dump traffic on a network.

309
Q

tcsh

A

A command-line shell similar to csh, with some additional features.

310
Q

tee

A

Read from an input and write to a standard output or file.

311
Q

telinit

A

Process control initialization.

312
Q

telnet

A

Uses the telnet protocol to connect to another remote computer.

313
Q

test

A

Check file types and compare values.

314
Q

time

A

Used to time a simple command.

315
Q

timex

A

The timex command times a command; reports process data and system activity.

316
Q

todos

A

Converts text files between DOS and Unix formats.

317
Q

top

A

Display Linux tasks.

318
Q

touch

A

Change file access and modification time.

319
Q

tput

A

Initialize a terminal or query terminfo database.

320
Q

tr

A

Translate characters.

321
Q

traceroute

A

Print the route packets take to network host.

322
Q

trap

A

A function which “traps” signals and interrupts, and reacts to them.

323
Q

tree

A

List the contents of a file hierarchy visually in a tree format.

324
Q

troff

A

Typeset or format documents.

325
Q

tty

A

Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.

326
Q

ul

A

Reads the named filenames or terminal and does underlining.

327
Q

umask

A

Get or set the file mode creation mask.

328
Q

unalias

A

Remove an alias.

329
Q

unhash

A

Remove internal hash table.

330
Q

uname

A

Print name of current system.

331
Q

uncompress

A

Uncompressed compressed files.

332
Q

uniq

A

Report or filter out repeated lines in a file.

333
Q

unlink

A

Call the unlink function to remove the specified file.

334
Q

unlzma

A

Decompress .lzma file.

335
Q

unmount

A

Disconnects a file systems and remote resources.

336
Q

unpack

A

Expands a compressed file.

337
Q

until

A

Execute a set of actions while/until conditions are evaluated TRUE.

338
Q

unxz

A

Decompress .xz files.

339
Q

unzip

A

List, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive.

340
Q

uptime

A

Display information about how long the system has been running.

341
Q

useradd

A

Create a new user or updates default new user information.

342
Q

userdel

A

Remove a users account.

343
Q

usermod

A

Modify a users account.

344
Q

vacation

A

Reply to mail automatically.

345
Q

vgrind

A

“Grind” nice program listings

346
Q

vi

A

Screen-oriented (visual) display editor based on ex.

347
Q

vim

A

A programmer’s text editor.

348
Q

view

A

A programmer’s text editor.

349
Q

vipw

A

A special command to safely edit password files.

350
Q

visudo

A

A special command to safely edit the “sudoers” file.

351
Q

vmstat

A

Reports statistics about virtual memory usage.

352
Q

w

A

Show who is logged on and what they are doing.

353
Q

wait

A

Await process completion.

354
Q

wall

A

Send a message to everybody’s terminal.

355
Q

wc

A

Displays a count of lines, words, and characters in a file

356
Q

wget

A

Downloads files via HTTP or FTP, such as web pages.

357
Q

whatis

A

Displays short manual page descriptions.

358
Q

whereis

A

Locate a binary, source, and manual page files for a command.

359
Q

while

A

Repetitively execute a set of actions while/until conditions are evaluated TRUE.

360
Q

which

A

Locate a command.

361
Q

who

A

Displays who is on the system.

362
Q

whoami

A

Print effective userid.

363
Q

whois

A

Internet user name directory service.

364
Q

write

A

Send a message to another user.

365
Q

X

A

Execute the X Window System.

366
Q

Xorg

A

The executable of the X Window System server.

367
Q

xargs

A

Build and execute complex commands across multiple files.

368
Q

xfd

A

Display all the characters in an X font.

369
Q

xhost

A

Server access control program for X.

370
Q

xinit

A

The initializer of the X Window System.

371
Q

xlsfonts

A

Server font list displayer for X.

372
Q

xset

A

User preference utility for X.

373
Q

xterm

A

Terminal emulator for X.

374
Q

xrdb

A

X server resource database utility.

375
Q

xz

A

Compress files to .xz files.

376
Q

xzcat

A

View compressed .xz files.

377
Q

yacc

A

Short for yet another compiler-compiler, yacc is a compiler.

378
Q

yes

A

Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or ‘y’.

379
Q

yppasswd

A

Changes network password in the NIS database.

380
Q

yum

A

Interactive rpm based package manager.

381
Q

zcat

A

Compress files.

382
Q

zip

A

Compression and file packaging utility.

383
Q

zipinfo

A

Display technical information about a zip file.

Shell Commands (1 decks)

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