linux files and directories

Question 1

how to view the content of the root directory in linux in long format

Answer 1

ls -l /

Question 2

subdirectory Contains user executable programs.

Answer 2

/bin

for eg, the ls program is located in /bin

Question 3

subdirectory Contains system executable programs used by the root user and the system

Answer 3

/sbin

for eg, the clock program is located in /sbin

Question 4

subdirectory Contains shared library files used by /bin and /sbin

Answer 4

/lib

Question 5

subdirectory Contains special file system entries for devices attached to the system

Answer 5

/dev

Question 6

subdirectory Contains the Linux kernel and bootloader programs.

Answer 6

/boot

Question 7

The Linux kernel program is
typically known as

Answer 7

vmlinuz

Question 8

subdirectory Contains system configuration files

Answer 8

/etc

for eg user account information

Question 9

subdirectory Contains special files pertaining to the state of the running Linux system. These files
are virtual files

Answer 9

/proc

Question 10

subdirectory Contains temporarily mounted file systems.

Answer 10

/mnt

Question 11

subdirectory Contains programs that can be run any users of the system

Answer 11

/usr

Question 12

subdirectory Contains variable data files pertaining to the on-going system status such as log files
of system activities

Answer 12

/var

Question 13

Contains sub-directories of user accounts to store personal data files.

Answer 13

/home

Question 14

subdirectory Contains temporary files

Answer 14

/tmp

Question 15

what is the home directory of the root user

Answer 15

/root

Question 16

subdirectory which Contains software packages for installation

Answer 16

/opt

Question 17

what does ls /bin return

Answer 17

commands that you can run on linux

Question 18

what does ls -l do

Answer 18

displays the content of the file directory in long format

Question 19

how to create new files

Answer 19

use touch command

Question 20

how to display all files starting with chart and report

Answer 20

ls -l chart* report*

Question 21

how to create multiple files with different names using touch command

Answer 21

touch {report,chart}_{jan,feb,march}

it will create four files with the names “report_jan”, “report_feb”, “report_march” and “chart_jan”, “chart_feb”, “chart_march”

Question 22

return all the files that start with chart

Answer 22

ls -l chart*

Question 23

return all the files that end with jan

Answer 23

ls -l *jan

Question 24

what is absolute path

Answer 24

filepath starts from the root and begins with a slash

Question 25

what is relative path

Answer 25

filepath reference the current directory and path does not begin with a slash

Question 26

absolute path example

Answer 26

/home/user/documents/files/report.txt

Question 27

relative path example

Answer 27

'documents/files/report.txt'

Question 28

what is a hidden file

Answer 28

file name begins with a dot

Question 29

how to list all the hidden files

Answer 29

ls -a lists ALL the files including hidden files

Question 30

what does ls -d .* do

Answer 30

will list all the files and directories in the current working directory that starts with a "." -d option shows the directories themselves, not the contents of the directories, this command will not show the contents of subdirectories that matched with the regular expression

Question 31

how to make 2 directories using one cmd

Answer 31

mkdir sales clothes

Question 32

how to change into the home directory

Answer 32

cd ~

Question 33

how to change into the root directory

Answer 33

cd /

Question 34

how to go to the previous working directory

Answer 34

cd -

Question 35

what is cd ../.. do

Answer 35

if the current working directory is '/home/user/documents/files', the command cd ../.. would change the current working directory to '/home/user/'.

Question 36

How does the cp command work in Linux?

Answer 36

The basic syntax for the cp command is: cp source destination. - The source argument is the file or directory that you want to copy. - The destination argument is the location where you want to copy the file or directory.

Question 37

how to list all files including the ones in the subdirectory

Answer 37

ls -Rl

Question 38

How does the mv command work in Linux?

Answer 38

The mv command in Linux is used to move or rename files and directories from one location to another. The basic syntax for the mv command is: mv source destination. The source argument is the file or directory that you want to move. The destination argument is the location where you want to move the file or directory.

Question 39

how to remove all the folder and files inside a directory

Answer 39

rm -R /tmp/temp_folder deletes the folder temp_folder and all of its contents located in the /tmp directory.

Question 40

how to display the file permissions for that directory

Answer 40

ls -ld

Question 41

what are the different types of users

Answer 41

user group others

Question 42

what is the number for read

Answer 42

4

Question 43

what is the number for write

Answer 43

2

Question 44

what is the number for execute

Answer 44

1

Question 45

how to d to create a symbolic link "pear.txt"

Answer 45

ln -s apple.txt pear.txt

Question 46

how to create a hard link to apple.txt

Answer 46

Run the "ln apple.txt orange.txt" command to create a hard link "orange.txt" that points to "apple.txt".

Question 47

What differences between hard links and symbolic links can you discover from the ls command output?

Answer 47

Unlike hard links, the link count for symbolic links is one. The name of the file in which the symbolic links is pointing to is displayed. Symbolic links can point to a file that does not exist.

Question 48

what does chmod g+w do ?

Answer 48

chmod g+w hello command, the group owner of the file hello will be given write permissions, allowing them to modify the file. +w means write permission is added

Question 49

what does chmod u-x, g = r, o = r hello do ?

Answer 49

The u-x option is used to remove execute permissions for the owner, g = r option is used to set read permissions for the group and o = r option is used to set read permissions for others. The hello argument is the file or directory that you want to modify the permissions for.