Linux File System (names of folders) Flashcards
bin
contains executable files nescessary to manage and run the linux system
like the shell system
and copy/paste as well!
boot
actual files to boot the linux system
dev
replesents the various hardware that can exist in the system
example harddrives
/dev/sda1, dev/sda2,
two types of device files.
What 2 types of devices can be stored in the dev/ folder
character devices (printers, mice, tape drives) that send and recieve data one character at a time
block-oriented device files. Files that manage data in “blocks”. Blocks can also support RAM access (harddrives, usb flash drive)
etc
contains text based config files used by the system as well as services running on the system.
can edit to customize
etc/aliases
cantains a table used to rediret all local users
/etc/exports
configured file systems to be exprted to remove NFS clients
/etc/fstab
lists the partitions and file systems that will be automatically mounted when we boot our Linux system
/etc/ftpusers
Controls users access to FTP service running on a Linux system
/etc/groups
Contains local group definitions
/etc/grub.conf
Contains config parameters for the init process
/etc/hosts
contains a list of hostname IP address mappings that can use to resovle certain hostnames
/etc/inittab
contains config parameters for the init process
/etc/init.d
sub directory tha tcontains more startup scripts and services
/etc/rd.d/init.d/
for redhat or centOS system startup scripts
/etc/passwd
linux systems user accounts stored
/etc/shadow
where encrypted passwords for the user accounts are stored
/etc/X11
config for X windows files
/etc/resolv.conf
where we specify what DNS server and domain suffix that the system is going to use
home
directory that contains subdirectorise that serve as home directories for all users on the system
lib
library - contains code libraries useb by programs in the bin files
mnt
used by some, to mount other external drives
opt
files for programs that you can instal on your own manualli (exe type)
proc
(doesnt actually exist) - its a pseudo file system that is created dynamically when accessed. used to access processes and other kernal informaitons. Each subdirectires have numbers which correspond to a process id (pid) nuber
sbin
similar to bin, only contains system improtant managment files (like ifconfig, shutdown, makeconfig)
srv
subdirectires where services running on our system actually save their files
/root
root user’s home directory (alwayys lives outside the rest of the users’ accounts).
usr
application files (unless stored in a subdirectory of the user files)
tmp
temporayr files
usr/bin
most applications actually live
usr/lib64
64-bit libraries
usr/local
locally installed software
usr/sbin
system administration programs
usr/share
manual pages and documentatin reside here
var
linux variable data and log files
ext2 file system
oldest know file system
“2nd extended file system”
stores data in standard hierarchical fashion. Data in files, files in directories.
max file size is 2TB
volume can be up to 4TB
Supports file compression, users, groups, and permissions,
long running, widly used,
ext3
updated version of ext2
so similar that most in ext2 are used in ext3
(can even upgrade an ext2 to 3, or downgrade a 3 to 2)
BIG DIFF? Journaling!
Eliminates the need for the computer to check the entire disk if it goes down in an unhealthy way
Journaling works by marking a file transaction complete or incomplete, so if there’s a powre outage, the ext3 replays the jorunal to verify data and bring back to a consistent date.
Reiser
Similar file system to ext3 with journaling, but uses a very diff file structure
faster than ext3 because of structure
max file sive 8TB
max volume size 16TB
ext4
“4th extended file system”
backward compatable to ext3 and 2
supports volumes up to 1EB is size!!
files up to 16TB in size!
uses checksums to verify the journal (good reliability)
