Linux File System (names of folders)

Question 1

bin

Answer 1

contains executable files nescessary to manage and run the linux system

like the shell system
and copy/paste as well!

Question 2

boot

Answer 2

actual files to boot the linux system

Question 3

dev

Answer 3

replesents the various hardware that can exist in the system

example harddrives
/dev/sda1, dev/sda2,

two types of device files.

Question 4

What 2 types of devices can be stored in the dev/ folder

Answer 4

character devices (printers, mice, tape drives) that send and recieve data one character at a time

block-oriented device files. Files that manage data in “blocks”. Blocks can also support RAM access (harddrives, usb flash drive)

Question 5

etc

Answer 5

contains text based config files used by the system as well as services running on the system.

can edit to customize

Question 6

etc/aliases

Answer 6

cantains a table used to rediret all local users

Question 7

/etc/exports

Answer 7

configured file systems to be exprted to remove NFS clients

Question 8

/etc/fstab

Answer 8

lists the partitions and file systems that will be automatically mounted when we boot our Linux system

Question 9

/etc/ftpusers

Answer 9

Controls users access to FTP service running on a Linux system

Question 10

/etc/groups

Answer 10

Contains local group definitions

Question 11

/etc/grub.conf

Answer 11

Contains config parameters for the init process

Question 12

/etc/hosts

Answer 12

contains a list of hostname IP address mappings that can use to resovle certain hostnames

Question 13

/etc/inittab

Answer 13

contains config parameters for the init process

Question 14

/etc/init.d

Answer 14

sub directory tha tcontains more startup scripts and services

Question 15

/etc/rd.d/init.d/

Answer 15

for redhat or centOS system startup scripts

Question 16

/etc/passwd

Answer 16

linux systems user accounts stored

Question 17

/etc/shadow

Answer 17

where encrypted passwords for the user accounts are stored

Question 18

/etc/X11

Answer 18

config for X windows files

Question 19

/etc/resolv.conf

Answer 19

where we specify what DNS server and domain suffix that the system is going to use

Question 20

home

Answer 20

directory that contains subdirectorise that serve as home directories for all users on the system

Question 21

lib

Answer 21

library - contains code libraries useb by programs in the bin files

Question 22

mnt

Answer 22

used by some, to mount other external drives

Question 23

opt

Answer 23

files for programs that you can instal on your own manualli (exe type)

Question 24

proc

Answer 24

(doesnt actually exist) - its a pseudo file system that is created dynamically when accessed. used to access processes and other kernal informaitons. Each subdirectires have numbers which correspond to a process id (pid) nuber

Question 25

sbin

Answer 25

similar to bin, only contains system improtant managment files (like ifconfig, shutdown, makeconfig)

Question 26

srv

Answer 26

subdirectires where services running on our system actually save their files

Question 27

/root

Answer 27

root user’s home directory (alwayys lives outside the rest of the users’ accounts).

Question 28

usr

Answer 28

application files (unless stored in a subdirectory of the user files)

Question 29

tmp

Answer 29

temporayr files

Question 30

usr/bin

Answer 30

most applications actually live

Question 31

usr/lib64

Answer 31

64-bit libraries

Question 32

usr/local

Answer 32

locally installed software

Question 33

usr/sbin

Answer 33

system administration programs

Question 34

usr/share

Answer 34

manual pages and documentatin reside here

Question 35

var

Answer 35

linux variable data and log files

Question 36

ext2 file system

Answer 36

oldest know file system
“2nd extended file system”
stores data in standard hierarchical fashion. Data in files, files in directories.

max file size is 2TB

volume can be up to 4TB

Supports file compression, users, groups, and permissions,

long running, widly used,

Question 37

ext3

Answer 37

updated version of ext2

so similar that most in ext2 are used in ext3

(can even upgrade an ext2 to 3, or downgrade a 3 to 2)

BIG DIFF? Journaling!

Eliminates the need for the computer to check the entire disk if it goes down in an unhealthy way

Journaling works by marking a file transaction complete or incomplete, so if there’s a powre outage, the ext3 replays the jorunal to verify data and bring back to a consistent date.

Question 38

Reiser

Answer 38

Similar file system to ext3 with journaling, but uses a very diff file structure

faster than ext3 because of structure

max file sive 8TB
max volume size 16TB

Question 39

ext4

Answer 39

“4th extended file system”
backward compatable to ext3 and 2

supports volumes up to 1EB is size!!
files up to 16TB in size!

uses checksums to verify the journal (good reliability)