Linux Commands And A Few Basic Concepts

Question 1

Unix

Answer 1

Operating system developed at Bell Labs in the 1960s. Mac & Linux descended from it.

Question 2

GNU

Answer 2

Richard Stallman’s 1984 free open source software alternative to Unix.

Question 3

Linux Kernel

Answer 3

Developed by Linus Torvalds, the Kerbal facilitates the interaction between hardware and software. Torvalds combined the Linux Kerbal with existing GNU components to create a full operating system.

Question 4

GNU/Linux

Answer 4

The combined Linux kernel and GNU

Question 5

True UNIX

Answer 5

Trademark of the global consortium, Open Group.

Question 6

Single UNIX Specification

Answer 6

Open Group consortium ‘s description of the core commands, features, utilities, etc. that define a UNIX OS. Open Group certifies OSs as UNIX compliant based on performance testing.

Question 7

UNIX-like OS

Answer 7

Uncertified OS based on UNIX.

Question 8

Linux distribution

Answer 8

Linux-based OS including the Linux kernal and, generally GNU tools, documentation, a package manager, a window system, and a desktop environment.

Question 9

Shell

Answer 9

Computer interface surrounding an OS. Exposes OS services to users. Provides user-generated commands to the OS for execution. BASH, Zshell, and FISH are shells.

Question 10

Terminal

Answer 10

A program that runs a shell. Today’s terminals are emulations of the older physical terminals.

Question 11

BASH

Answer 11

Bourne Again SHell. Default shell on most Linux-based systems. The “Bourne” and “SH” refers to Stephen Bourne’s sh ancestor shell. It runs on most UNIX and UNIX-like systems.

Question 12

whoami

Answer 12

Prints username.

Question 13

man

Answer 13

When followed by a <command></command> prints the manual page for that command. When used alone, prompts for <command></command> name.

Question 14

q

Answer 14

Quit or exit

Question 15

clear

Answer 15

Clears screen

Question 16

Synoosis

Answer 16

Syntax; accepted options for a command.

Question 17

clear -x

Answer 17

Clear the terminal screen, but do not attempt to clear the terminal’s scroll back buffer using the extended “E3” capability. Only clears visible screen.

Question 18

^l

Answer 18

clear

Question 19

pwd

Answer 19

Print working directory. Shows user where he/she is.

Question 20

ls

Answer 20

List contents of folder (simple).

Question 21

ls bin

Answer 21

List contents of the directory, bin.

Question 22

ls Documents/current/

Answer 22

Simple listing of the contents of the directory Documents/current/

Question 23

Absolute path

Answer 23

Complete directory path all the way back to the home (root) directory.

Question 24

Relative path

Answer 24

A directory reference within the current working directory, showing only the directory structure within the current directory.

Question 25

ls -l

Answer 25

Lists detailed directory contents: file permissions, file owner, group owner, file size, modification date, filename.

Question 26

ls -a

Answer 26

Short form of ls –all (list without ignoring entries starting with <.>).

Question 27

cd

Answer 27

Change directory. This is a shell command. It is not in the manual, but, rather, in the help guide.