Linking Concepts

Question 1

Plasmodium

Answer 1

Uni-celled Digenetic parasite belonging to group of Sporozoan in Kingdom Protista. Causes malaria, transmitted by female Anopheles (Marsh mosquito).

Completes it’s asexual phase of life cycle in humans (SCHIZOGONY) and sexual phase in mosquito (SPOROGONY).

(The micro&macro gametocytes may be formed in humans but they develop into gametes after being picked up by the mosquito and in the mosquito only, where they then fuse to form ookinete–>oocyst which enters haemolymph and as sporozoite in the salivary glands of mosquito enters in our blood stream when we’re bitten by it: SPOROGONY PHASE EXPLAINED. BAM!)

In humans, schizogony is divided into a pre erythrocytic and erythrocytic phase.

In pre erythrocytic phase, sporozoites travel to liver, infect hepatocytes and here they multiply (asexual rep) and develop.
Schizont
Cryptozoite (infects more hepatocytes: check?)
Cryptomerozoite
Trophozoite

                       RBC: erythrocytic sporogony
Signette stage 
Amoeboid
Rosette
Merozoite (releases haemozoin) 
Macro&micro gametocytes

Question 2

Are all mosquitoes parasites?

Answer 2

Femaleanopheles isnotaparasite because it doesnotbite human to get its own meal. Both male andfemale mosquitoesfeed on plant nectar, fruit juices and liquids that ooze from plants.Femaleanopheles bites human to get blood meal to nourish its developing fertile eggs. Their eggs need some iron requirement.

Question 3

Laveron

Answer 3

Discovered Plasmodium

Question 4

Ronald Ross

Answer 4

Discovered the role of female anopheles in malaria, doctors in the Indian Army

Question 5

Grassi

Answer 5

Discovered mosquito cycle

Question 6

Golgi

Answer 6

Discovered erythrocytic cycle

Question 7

Macculah

Answer 7

Gave the term malaria (bad air)

Question 8

Scientists

1) . Term malaria
2) . Discovered Plasmodium
3) . Discovered Role of female anopheles
4) . Discovered mosquito cycle
5) . Discovered erythrocytic cycle

Answer 8

1) . Macculah
2) . Laveron
3) . Ronald Ross
4) . Grassi
5) . Golgi

Question 9

1). Name species which cause the following types
Mild, benign, malignant

2).

Answer 9

Mild: P. ovale
Benign: P. vivax
Malignant: P. falciparum

Question 10

1) .Black water fever. Name another type cause by same species. What type of dots are seen in staining?
2) . Quatern malaria caused by?
3) . Name an anti-malarial drug

Answer 10

1). Most severe/Malignant malaria caused by P. flaciparum. Causes massive haemolysis and urine turns black.

Cerebral malaria is also cause by the same species. RBC’s of these patients become sticky and block the capillaries.

Maurer’s dots: P. falciparum

2) . P. malariae
3) . Quinine: obtained from bark of Cinchona

Question 11

Detection of malaria:

1) . what is the best time for staining RBC’s of patients?
2) . Determining type based on which Characteristic. Moniker?

Answer 11

1). High temp (haemolysis)

2). SCHUFFNER’S DOTS: P. vivax
MAURER’S DOTS: P. falciparum

Question 12

1) . Surface immunity provided by which immunoglobulins?

2) . Decreasing order

Answer 12

1) . IgA

2) . IgG > IgA > IgM > IgD > IgE