Linguistics

Question 1

Slang

Answer 1

Informal verbal communication that is generally unacceptable for formal writing.

Question 2

Polysemous

Answer 2

Words that have multiple meanings

Question 3

Root

Answer 3

The form of a word after all affixes are removed

Question 4

Bound Morphome

Answer 4

A morpheme which never occurs alone but is attached to other morphemes

Ex: Kindness, unlikely

Question 5

Homographs

Answer 5

Words that are spelled identically and possibly pronounced the same

Ex: Bear (animal)
Bear (tolerate)

Question 6

Homonyms

Answer 6

Words that are pronounced and possibly spelled the same, but with a different meaning

Ex: Bat (animal)
Bat (stick)
Bat (flutter)

Question 7

Homophones

Answer 7

Words that sound alike but have different spellings and meanings

Ex: there
they’re
their

Question 8

Lexicon

Answer 8

A speaker’s mental dictionary

Question 9

Morpheme

Answer 9

The smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function

Ex: sheep dog s 
1 2 3
3 morphemes

Question 10

Morphology

Answer 10

The sub-field of linguistics that studies internal structure of words and relationships among words

Question 11

Ebonics

Answer 11

An alternative term used in 1997 for various dialects of the African-American English

Question 12

Etymology

Answer 12

The history of words; the study of the history of words

Question 13

Phonology

Answer 13

The sub-field of linguistics that studies structure and systematic patterning of sounds in human language

Question 14

Phonetics

Answer 14

• The system of speech sounds of a language or group of languages
• The study and systematic classification of the sounds made in spoken utterance

Question 15

Pragmatics

Answer 15

A technical term meaning, roughly, what the person speaking or writing actually meant, rather than what the words themselves mean

Question 16

Semantics

Answer 16

The study of meaning, reference, truth, and related notions

Question 17

Syntax

Answer 17

The rules of sentence formation; the component of mental grammar and structure of phrases and sentences

Question 18

Antonym

Answer 18

A word of opposite meaning

Question 19

Acronym

Answer 19

A word formed by combining the initial letters of a series or related words

Ex: NATO, ESL, MIA

Question 20

Clause

Answer 20

A group of words containing a subject and predicate (Found in a complex or compound sentence)

Question 21

Creole

Answer 21

Pidgin language that has become established as the native language of a speech community

Question 22

Connotation

Answer 22

An additional, suggested meaning as opposed to a literal, direct meaning

Question 23

Cognate

Answer 23

Words that have the same linguistic root or origin

Question 24

Denotation

Answer 24

The literal direct meaning of a word

Question 25

Metonymy

Answer 25

A figure of speech consisting of the use of the name of one thing for that of another Ex: The White House --> government

Question 26

Orthography

Answer 26

* The art of writing words with proper letters according to standard usage * the representation of sounds of a language by written or printed symbols * language and spelling * usually arises as methods of communication b/w groups that have no language in common

Question 27

Synonym

Answer 27

One of two or more words or expressions of the same language that have similar meanings

Question 28

Dialect

Answer 28

A variety of a language whose grammar differs in systematic ways from other varieties

Question 29

Prefix

Answer 29

Affix has to be added to the beginning of a word | Ex: mis-lead

Question 30

Suffix

Answer 30

Affix has to be added at the end of the word | Ex: fool-ish

Question 31

Illocutionary Force

Answer 31

The basic purpose of a speaker in making an utterance and attitudes that accompany it

Question 32

Proto-language

Answer 32

A recorded or reconstructed language that is the ancestor of another language

Question 33

Inflectional Morphemes

Answer 33

Indicates number, person, case, and tense; the part of grammar that deals with inflections of words

Question 34

Derivational Morphemes

Answer 34

The part of grammar that deals with the derivations of words

Question 35

Deep Structure

Answer 35

The abstract level of language; conceived as containing all info needed to make any sentence

Question 36

Surface Structure

Answer 36

Grammatical structure that actually occurs; in some types of grammar, a representation of the sequence of syntactic elements that constitute one sentence