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MTTC > Linguistics > Flashcards

Linguistics Flashcards

1
Q

Slang

A

Informal verbal communication that is generally unacceptable for formal writing.

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2
Q

Polysemous

A

Words that have multiple meanings

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3
Q

Root

A

The form of a word after all affixes are removed

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4
Q

Bound Morphome

A

A morpheme which never occurs alone but is attached to other morphemes

Ex: Kindness, unlikely

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5
Q

Homographs

A

Words that are spelled identically and possibly pronounced the same

Ex: Bear (animal)
Bear (tolerate)

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6
Q

Homonyms

A

Words that are pronounced and possibly spelled the same, but with a different meaning

Ex: Bat (animal)
Bat (stick)
Bat (flutter)

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7
Q

Homophones

A

Words that sound alike but have different spellings and meanings

Ex: there
they’re
their

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8
Q

Lexicon

A

A speaker’s mental dictionary

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9
Q

Morpheme

A

The smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function

Ex: sheep dog s 
1 2 3
3 morphemes

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10
Q

Morphology

A

The sub-field of linguistics that studies internal structure of words and relationships among words

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11
Q

Ebonics

A

An alternative term used in 1997 for various dialects of the African-American English

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12
Q

Etymology

A

The history of words; the study of the history of words

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13
Q

Phonology

A

The sub-field of linguistics that studies structure and systematic patterning of sounds in human language

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14
Q

Phonetics

A
  • The system of speech sounds of a language or group of languages
  • The study and systematic classification of the sounds made in spoken utterance
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15
Q

Pragmatics

A

A technical term meaning, roughly, what the person speaking or writing actually meant, rather than what the words themselves mean

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16
Q

Semantics

A

The study of meaning, reference, truth, and related notions

17
Q

Syntax

A

The rules of sentence formation; the component of mental grammar and structure of phrases and sentences

18
Q

Antonym

A

A word of opposite meaning

19
Q

Acronym

A

A word formed by combining the initial letters of a series or related words

Ex: NATO, ESL, MIA

20
Q

Clause

A

A group of words containing a subject and predicate (Found in a complex or compound sentence)

21
Q

Creole

A

Pidgin language that has become established as the native language of a speech community

22
Q

Connotation

A

An additional, suggested meaning as opposed to a literal, direct meaning

23
Q

Cognate

A

Words that have the same linguistic root or origin

24
Q

Denotation

A

The literal direct meaning of a word

25
Q

Metonymy

A

A figure of speech consisting of the use of the name of one thing for that of another
Ex: The White House –> government

26
Q

Orthography

A
  • The art of writing words with proper letters according to standard usage
  • the representation of sounds of a language by written or printed symbols
  • language and spelling
  • usually arises as methods of communication b/w groups that have no language in common
27
Q

Synonym

A

One of two or more words or expressions of the same language that have similar meanings

28
Q

Dialect

A

A variety of a language whose grammar differs in systematic ways from other varieties

29
Q

Prefix

A

Affix has to be added to the beginning of a word

Ex: mis-lead

30
Q

Suffix

A

Affix has to be added at the end of the word

Ex: fool-ish

31
Q

Illocutionary Force

A

The basic purpose of a speaker in making an utterance and attitudes that accompany it

32
Q

Proto-language

A

A recorded or reconstructed language that is the ancestor of another language

33
Q

Inflectional Morphemes

A

Indicates number, person, case, and tense; the part of grammar that deals with inflections of words

34
Q

Derivational Morphemes

A

The part of grammar that deals with the derivations of words

35
Q

Deep Structure

A

The abstract level of language; conceived as containing all info needed to make any sentence

36
Q

Surface Structure

A

Grammatical structure that actually occurs; in some types of grammar, a representation of the sequence of syntactic elements that constitute one sentence

MTTC (3 decks)

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