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SC Data Exam > Liner Shipping > Flashcards

Liner Shipping Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of global goods are carried by sea?

A

80 percent of all goods are carried by sea.

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2
Q

How much cargo was shipped globally in 2021?

A

About 1.95 billion metric tons of cargo.

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3
Q

What is the annual contribution of the container shipping industry to the global economy?

A

Approximately $1.5 trillion.

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4
Q

Name two major recent disruptions to the global container shipping industry.

A

Global pandemics, war in ukraine, and grounded vessels in the Suez Canal.

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5
Q

Which company handles around 12% of global container trade?

A

Maersk Line

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6
Q

What are the dimensions of a standard 20-foot container?

A

Height: 2.385 meters, Length: 5.896 meters.

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7
Q

What is the load capacity of a 20-foot container?

A

33.1 cubic meters.

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8
Q

Name three types of special containers.

A

Flat rack containers, tank container and reefer containers.

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9
Q

What is the main role of a freight forwarder in container shipping?

A

To arrange for shipping the cargo and process all the export documentation.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of alliances between carriers in container shipping?

A

To share vessel capacity and expand service range efficiently.

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11
Q

What is “slow steaming” in liner shipping?

A

Reducing sailing speed to minimize fuel consumption and emissions.

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12
Q

Why is demand forecasting important for liner shipping companies?

A

It helps optimize operations, improve customer service, and gain profitability.

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13
Q

What is revenue management in the context of container shipping?

A

Managing customer segments, price, and capacity to maximize profitability.

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14
Q

What is the significance of the customers’ willingness to pay over time in shipping?

A

It increases closer to departure due to lower available capacity.

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15
Q

What factors are important for stowage optimization?

A

Type and content of containers, their destination, and availability of plugs for reefer containers.

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16
Q

What is an electronic Bill of Lading?

A

A digital document using blockchain technology to record transactions and reduce paperwork costs.

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17
Q

What are the benefits of digitalization in container shipping?

A

Increased efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced decision-making.

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18
Q

What are “green ships”?

A

Carbon-neutral or electric vessels aiming to reduce environmental impact.

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19
Q

What is “green fuel” and how is it produced?

A

Fuel made using renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, which can then be used as fuel. This is calles Power-2-X.

20
Q

Why does transitioning to sustainable liner shipping take time?

A

Due to the long asset life cycle of container ships and the significant investment required.

21
Q

Which are the leading container shipping companies?

A

MSC (Mediterranean Shipping Company), APM - MAERSK, CMA - CGM, and COSCO Shipping.

22
Q

What is the load capacity of a 40-foot container?

A

67.6 cubic meters.

23
Q

What is the maximum load weight for a 20-foot container?

A

28,280 kilograms.

24
Q

What is the function of a Bill of Lading in container shipping?

A

It includes details such as the consignor, the consignee, and the cargo, serving as a receipt of shipment.

25
Q

What is the polynomial relationship of fuel consumption to speed in shipping?

A

Doubling the speed results in eight times greater fuel consumption.

26
Q

What is the role of a consignee in container shipping?

A

The consignee is the receiver of the goods.

27
Q

How does reducing port time influence shipping efficiency?

A

Less time in port allows more sailing time, enabling slower speeds while still meeting schedules.

28
Q

What is the role of a consignor in container shipping?

A

The consignor is the sender or exporter of the goods

29
Q

What are the dimensions of a 40-foot container

A

40-foot containers (h: 2.385m, 12.035m)

30
Q

How much does a 20-foot container weigh?

A

2.200 kg

31
Q

How much does a 40 foot container weigh

A

3.740 kg

32
Q

What is the maximum load weight for a 40-foot container?

A

26.740 kg

33
Q

What is stowage planning?

A

Arranging containers on a vessel to balance load, optimize space, and ensure safety.

34
Q

How does digitalization benefit environmental sustainability in shipping?

A

By optimizing routes and operations, reducing fuel consumption and emissions.

35
Q

What are the advantages of a Smart Bill of Lading?

A

It increases transparency, reduces paperwork, and uses blockchain for secure transactions.

36
Q

Why is capacity management crucial in container shipping?

A

Capacity management maximizes revenue, meet customer expectations, and minimize underutilization.

37
Q

What is a flat rack container used for?

A

Transporting oversized products.

38
Q

What is the importance of dynamic pricing strategies in liner shipping?

A

To adjust freight rates based on demand fluctuations, optimizing revenue.

39
Q

How does knowing demand help in operational decision-making?

A

It aids in stowage planning, loading, and unloading efficiency.

40
Q

Why is forecasting important in container shipping

A

To ensure optimal vessel utilization and prevent delays or overbooking.

41
Q

How does stowage optimization improve port productivity?

A

By making containers destined for earlier unloading more accessible.

42
Q

What role do sensors and communication systems play in automated shipping?

A

They monitor cargo, fuel, and ship conditions, providing data for better decision-making.

43
Q

What is TEU?

A

20-foot container equivalent units

44
Q

How can linear programming be used in liner shipping?

A

Linear programming can be used in liner shipping to optimize stowage planning. It involves creating mathematical models to determine the most efficient way to arrange containers on a vessel. Factors such as container type, size, weight, destination, and special requirements (e.g., refrigeration for reefer containers) are considered. Linear programming helps balance the load, minimize fuel consumption, ensure safety, and maximize space utilization, ultimately improving operational efficiency and reducing costs.

45
Q

What do stowage row, tier, and bay refer to in liner shipping?

A

In liner shipping, “stowage row” refers to the horizontal position of a container on a vessel, “tier” refers to the vertical stack position of a container from bottom to top, and “bay” refers to the vertical section of the ship where containers are stored.

SC Data Exam (3 decks)

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