Linear Motion

Question 1

Distance

Answer 1

The total length of the path traveled by an object, regardless of direction. It’s a scalar quantity (only magnitude, no direction).

Question 2

Displacement

Answer 2

The shortest straight-line distance between the starting and ending points of an object’s path, with direction. It’s a vector quantity.

Question 3

Speed

Answer 3

The rate at which an object covers distance. It’s calculated as distance divided by time and is a scalar quantity (e.g., 50 m/s).

Question 4

Accerelation

Answer 4

The rate of change of velocity per unit time. It indicates how quickly an object’s speed or direction changes and is a vector quantity.

Question 5

Velocity

Answer 5

The rate of change of displacement per unit time, which includes direction. It’s a vector quantity (e.g., 60 m/s north).

Question 6

SI Unit for Time

Answer 6

The second (s) is the base unit for measuring time in the International System of Units (SI).

Question 7

SI Unit for Displacement

Answer 7

Meter (m), representing the distance in a specific direction.

Question 8

SI Unit for Speed

Answer 8

Meters per second (m/s), showing how many meters an object travels in one second.

Question 9

SI Unit for Velocity

Answer 9

Meters per second (m/s), including both magnitude and direction of motion.

Question 10

SI Unit for Acceleration

Answer 10

Meters per second squared (m/s²), representing the change in velocity per second.

Question 11

How to convert between m / s to km / h

Answer 11

Multiply by 3.6. (Example: 10 m/s = 10 × 3.6 = 36 km/h).

Question 12

How to convert from km / h to m / s

Answer 12

Divide by 3.6. (Example: 36 km/h = 36 ÷ 3.6 = 10 m/s).

Question 13

Define a Vector Quantity

Answer 13

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction (e.g., force, velocity, displacement).

Question 14

Define a scalar quantity

Answer 14

A quantity that has only magnitude, with no direction (e.g., distance, speed, time).

Question 15

Is distance vector or scalar

Answer 15

Scalar

Question 16

Is displacement vector or scalar

Answer 16

Vector

Question 16

Is speed vector or scalar

Answer 16

Scalar

Question 17

Is acceleration vector or scalar

Answer 17

Vector

Question 17

Is velocity vector or scalar

Answer 17

Vector

Question 18

Is force vector or scalar

Answer 18

Vector

Question 18

Is time vector or scalar

Answer 18

Scalar

Question 19

Compare distance and displacement

Answer 19

Distance is the total path length (scalar), while displacement is the shortest path with direction (vector).

Question 19

What is acceleration due to gravity

Answer 19

9.8 m /s^2

Question 20

Compare average speed and average velocity

Answer 20

Average speed is the total distance divided by time (scalar), while average velocity is total displacement divided by time (vector).

Question 21

SI unit for kinetic energy

Answer 21

Joules (J)

Question 22

SI unit for Gravitational potential energy

Answer 22

Joule (J)

Question 23

Formula for Gravitational Energy

Answer 23

GPE = mass (kg) x gravity (9.8) x height (m)

Question 24

Formula for Kinetic Energy

Answer 24

KE = (1 /2) x m x v^2

Question 25

Do supergiants create heavier elements?

Answer 25

Hydrogen fusion stops in the core of a supergiant because the hydrogen fuel is depleted. The star then starts fusing helium and heavier elements to release energy and balance the forces of gravity. Fusion of hydrogen can no longer occur because the temperature and pressure in the core are high enough to begin fusing heavier elements like helium, carbon, and oxygen.

Question 26

How does the process of fusing heavier elements differ between low/medium-mass stars and massive stars (supergiants)?

Answer 26

The process of fusing heavier elements happens in both low/medium-mass stars and massive stars (supergiants), but the range of elements fused and the star’s end of life depend on the star’s mass. Low- and medium-mass stars only fuse elements up to carbon and oxygen, and they end their lives as white dwarfs. In contrast, massive stars (supergiants) can fuse elements all the way up to iron. When the core produces iron, fusion stops, leading to a supernova explosion. This explosion creates even heavier elements, such as gold and uranium, and scatters them into space.

Question 27

How to calculate displacement on velocity time graph

Answer 27

To calculate displacement from a velocity-time graph, you use the concept that displacement is the area under the graph between the time interval of interest. Here’s how to calculate it: