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Biomechanics - Motion And Kinetics > Linear/Angular Motion > Flashcards

Linear/Angular Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What is kinematics?

A

Study of characteristics of motion

-Spatial and temporal

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2
Q

Why do we study kinematics?

A

Understand motion: joint movements and planes of motion
Optimise performance/ function
Minimise injury risk

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3
Q

How do we study kinematics?

A

Observation: 2D and 3D

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4
Q

How are scalars described?

A

By their magnitude:
Distance
Speed
Volume

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5
Q

How are vectors described?

A

By their magnitude and direction:
Displacement
Velocity
Acceleration

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6
Q

What is a vector?

A

Shortest distance from origin/ length of straight line joining initial and final positions

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7
Q

What is distance?

A

Length of path travelled

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8
Q

Speed equation

A

Time

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9
Q

Velocity equation

A

Displacement D
—————– = —
Time T

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10
Q

What is velocity?

A

The rate of change in displacement with respect to time

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11
Q

Velocity units

A

M/s

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12
Q

What is differentiation?

A

The Mathematical process that quantifies the rate of change in one variable with respect to another

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13
Q

What is instantaneous velocity?

A

The change in displacement with respect to time

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14
Q

What is equal to the gradient/slope of the displacement-time curve?

A

Differentiation

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15
Q

Integral of velocity = ?

A

Displacement

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16
Q

What is integration?

A

Quantities the total change of one variable with respect to another (reverse process of differentiation)

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17
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate of change in velocity with respect to time

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18
Q

Acceleration equation

A

T

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19
Q

Acceleration units

A

M/s2

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20
Q

What is an angle?

A

Composed of two lines that intersect at a point called the vertex

21
Q

What is a relative angle?

A

Included angle between the longitudinal axes of two segments (joints)

22
Q

What is an absolute angle?

A

Angle of inclination (orientation) of a body segment in space

23
Q

What are the 3 units to measure angles?

A

Degrees
Revolution
Radian

24
Q

Define degrees

A

Circle (describes rotation) transcribes an arc of 360*

25
Q

What is a revolution?

A

*useful in qualitative analysis, performance descriptor

360* = 1 revolution

26
Q

Define radian

A

The measure of an angle at the centre of a circle, described by an arc equal to the length of the radius of the circle

27
Q

360* = 1 revolution = ?? Radians

A

2pie radians

28
Q

Degrees to radians

A

Divide by 57.3

29
Q

Radians to degrees

A

Multiply by 57.3

30
Q

Radians =

A

Degrees x pie
—-
180

31
Q

Degrees =

A

Radians x 180
——-
Pie

32
Q

What is the right hand rule?

A

Curled fingers indicate direction of rotation

*thumb points in the direction of the angular velocity vector

33
Q

What is polarity?

A

Refers to the direction of rotation of angular motion

Counter-clockwise: +ve polarity
Clockwise : -ve polarity

34
Q

What is angular distance?

A

Total of all angular changes of rotating object

35
Q

What is angular displacement?

A

Difference between the initial and final positions of the rotating object

36
Q

What is angular speed?

A

Defined as angular distance travelled per unit of time

37
Q

What is angular velocity?

A

Defined as change in angular displacement relative to change in time

38
Q

Angular speed equation

A

Time

39
Q

Angular velocity equation

A

Time

40
Q

Angular velocity units

A

rad.s*1

41
Q

What is angular acceleration?

A

The rate of change in angular velocity over time

42
Q

Angular acceleration equation

A

T

43
Q

Angular acceleration unit

A

rad.s*2

44
Q

What is angular-linear motion?

A

In many human movements, motions of the segments constituting the movement are ANGULAR – resulting movement is LINEAR

45
Q

Tangential velocity

A

.. Of the ball is dependent upon the length of the arm segment and its angular velocity

46
Q

Tangential velocity equation/unit

A

V
t = r. w

M.s*1

47
Q

Tangential acceleration

A

… Of the bowling ball is dependent upon the length of the arm segment and its angular acceleration

*a vector tangent that is perpendicular to the rotating segment

48
Q

Tangential acceleration equation/unit

A

a
T = r a

M.s*2

Biomechanics - Motion And Kinetics (3 decks)

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