Limits on Inheritance: Capacity of Beneficiaries Flashcards
Capacity of Beneficiary
- Whether or not someone is able to inherit under a will, intestacy, insurance, pension, etc
- Also pertains to public policy application
Illegitimacy
Not a thing anymore, how you are born not an issue for intestacy or will
Adoption
To be child/issue have to be biological or legally adopted.
Given up for adoption
If legally given up for adoption you do not qualify under intestacy and perhaps in wills
Step children
Not covered unless legally adopted, even if held out to society as your own
Re Darischuk Estate
Facts: to “my dear grandchildren” one not biological but treated like child
Ratio: court interpreted strictly and said not grandchild
Reeves v Schreiner
Facts: left to grandchild at time written believed was biological then started to have doubts later
Ratio: Interpret at the time will written not death, believed she was bio then. If courts think testator intended to include someone regardless of reality they will interpret that child to fit into the description
Notes on Reeves
- This is the case to follow not Darischuk
- This loose interpretation of intention is for wills not intestacy
Personal representative role in adoption matters
Required to make inquiry as to whether children are born out of marriage. In ONT can be personally liable if heir comes up that they didn’t take time to discover.
To sell a home through an estate
All heirs/ sufficient number of them have to sign off, if new heirs emerge that diminishes
In NB adoption exception
Provision that allows someone to preserve Childs inheritance right even if they’ve been given up for adoption
Unworthy heir provision
As a matter of public policy, beneficiary may be barred from inheriting through any means (intestacy, will) because of something they have done
Doctrine of Forfeiture
Any benefits that a murderer receives b/c of the homicide of testator, are forfeited to the next person in line in terms of alternative beneficiaries.
Issues of proof
- Forfeiture hearings are civil
- Issue of standard of proof and kind of evidence
Hallington v Hurthorn
Criminal conviction of murder could not be admitted as evidence in forfeiture hearing (have to prove it all over again)
Hallington v Huthorn
Changed. Courts inclined to enter criminal conviction as proof for these reasons: mockery, what if civil finds not guilty and criminal finds guilty? And provides avenue for collateral attack.
What if someone pleads guilty? (Charleton)
Issue here was whether plea of guilt was admissible
Dhingra v Dhingra
Facts: husband killed wife was found NCR. Can he be beneficiary of her insurance policy?
Ratio: under common law rule of forfeiture doesn’t apply to NCR, statute in ONT says NCR finding can be used of proof of committing offence. Two can work together. Provision applied here though and he was barred from taking.
Murder Suicides
Generally a presumption of sanity and forfeiture
Re Gore
Facts: killed wife Ruth and two daughters and then himself. There is medical evidence that proved death order was wife, kids, him. Ruth’s mom trying to bar other grandparents from getting, can’t go through him.
Ratio:
(1) Homicide severs JT but doesn’t take his half away. While forfeiture can stop from receiving a benefit it can’t take away his property, (2) also cannot disentitle killer from insurance policy if killing the person did not directly lead to him receiving the proceeds under the policy,
(3) it doesn’t prevent family members of the killer from taking under intestacy provided they are not receiving through the killer but from separate and independent rights