Limits Flashcards
(731)
EGT - APR
AR = 974 BR = 996
(731)
EGT - TO (5min)
AR = 952 BR = 978
(731)
EGT - Start
AR= 952 BR = 978
(731)
EFT - MCT
AR= 924 BR = 968
(731)
EGT - Max Climb
AR= 928 BR = 968
(731)
Ground start and starter assist airstart
Speed: 10% N2 to light off
Time (max): 10 secs
(731)
EGT - Max Cruise
AR = 908 BR = 932
(731)
Windmilling air start
…Eng speed?
…Max time?
Windmilling N2 to 60% N2
45secs
(731)
Ground start
…speeds?
…time?
Light off to idle
60 sec
(731)
Oil pressure limit-
TO or Max Continuous
Min: 38psi
Max: 46psi
(731)
Oil pressure-
Idle
Min: 25
Max: 46
(731)
Oil pressure-
Transient
Max- 55 psi for < 3 mins
(700)
EGT Limit-
Max to N1
101.2%
(700)
EGT Limit-
TO (5 mins)
740
(700)
EGT-
Abort start @
750
(700)
Start transient
855 (5 secs)
(700)
EGT Limit-
MCT (N1)
100%
(700)
EGT Limit-
MCT (temp)
724
(700)
EGT Limit-
Max N2
105%
(700)
EGT limit-
Max overspeed
103.5% (+-.5%)
(700)
Max Permissible rpm
105% N2
(700) -
Takeoff
Max Transient rpm
782 (10 sec)
(700)
Inflight minimum idle (less than 200kias)
0-12k = idle 12k-25k = 68 25k-42k = 75
GE
Igniter time limits
2 mins on 3 mins off, then
2 on 23 off OR 5 on 25 off
Flap speed
Minimum
Up - 180
15 - 160
25 - 140
40 - Vref +10k
Flap speed
Maximum
UP- NA
15 - 200
25 - 190
40 - 180
Max paxs
10
Max TO alt
10,000
Max runway slope
-+ 2%
Max tailwind on TO or landing
10kt
Max cruise alt
42,000
Max alt for extending most equipment
20,000
Flight maneuvering load limits
Flaps retracted: +2.5 to. -1g
Flaps extended: +2 to 0g
Max ramp weight
GE: 28,660 lbs
AR: 29,100
BR: 30,500
Max TO weight
GE: 28,660lbs
AR: 29,100
BR: 30,325
Max landing weight
GE: 27,320lbs
Garrett: 27,734
Max zero fuel weight
22,000
Vmo
S.L: 350 kts
To 20k: 380 kts
> 20k: 380 kts
Mmo
.865
Vmca
110 kcas
Vmcg
115 kcas
Va
200 kt
Vlo
190kt
Vle
220 kt
Vle (Emergency)
190 kt
What is Vlo (defined)
Max speed lowering or raising landing gear
What is Vle (defined)
Max speed for operation with gear extended
Vllo
220kt
Vlle
220kt
Vabo
No limits
Vwwo
180kt
Do the engine computers need to be operative for takeoff?
Yes
Can you takeoff with APR inop
No
Can you use engine synch during takeoffs
No
Max operating altitude for the APU
GE - 15,000
Garrett - 20,000
Max APU start alt.
GE - 13,000
Garrett - 20,000
APU Generator load limit
300 amp
What do we use to shut down the APU
O/S Test button
Can we use APU override
No, Maint only
How long must the APU be cooled down between starts
5 mins
In the event of APU fire what do we wait for prior to discharge of the APU fire bottle
5%
Max EGT of the APU
680 C
What fuel pressure should the fuel truck be set at for single point refueling
Low Pressure, 50 PSI
What is the pressure relief valve set for at the pressurization system
8.5 psi
Can max window heat be used on ground
No, In flight only (IFL NEVER)
Max speed for open window
160kt
Max temp for wing anti-ice
+10 C
Can wing anti-ice be used on ground
No
Can engines anti-ice be used on ground
Yes
Max temp for engine anti-ice
+10C
What are some autopilot limitations
- No autopilot for TO or Land
2. One pilot seated w/seatbelts fastened with A/P on
Must EADI and EHSI be on and operational
Yes
How many symbol generators must be operating?
2 of 3
Can any yellow DU1 or DU2 or yellow/red SG flags be visible?
No
Must the battery powered stby horizon be operating
Yes
When can we use display down mode
Only after failure of upper display unit
What position must the AHRS stby battery be in for dispatch
ARM
Must AHRS 1 and AHRS 2 both be operating
Yes
How should the pilot set up AHRS
AHRS 1: pilot
AHRS 2: co-pilot
Can you TO with cross side AHRS
No
Where should the ADC switch be for TO and normal ops
NORM
Max battery temp
150F
What do you need to be RVSM equiped
- Autopilot
- Altitude Alert
- ATC Transponder
- 2 Primary ADCs
What are the max speeds for brake application
Garrett - 105
GE - 98
How tall is the tail
About 19’
Electrical power is supplied by what systems
DC, AC, Emergency power
What are the 4 DC power sources
Two batteries, two engine driven starter-generators, APU, GPU
What provides emergency lighting
Battery packs charged by AC system
AC power supplied by
Three DC driven rotary (PAC) or 3 static inverters (AMD)
Batteries connected to DC system rated at
24-26 volts
Why dont we use power carts to start engines
Power carts are 24 volts and will drain our batteries
How are batteries normally used to start engines (GE & Garrett)
Parallel (Garrett)
Series (GE) in cold start
How much voltage is supplied to starting bus in series start
48
how much voltage is supplied to the main bus during series start
24 (Batt 1 relay opens so only #2 batt runs main bus and aux buses)
How many volts are the generators rated at
28.5volts
What is the DC power selector and what are the settings
Main power control / Cold start
Flight Normal
External Power
What happens to the batteries in EXT power start
Both batteries are isolated and ext power supplies power to main, aux and starting bus
What is the aux bus for
Load shedding non-essential equipment for battery conservation
What is the reset button for between the battery on off switches
To reset the battery reverse current relay
What is the reverse current relay
If more than 400amps flow through it (from the generator to the main bus toward either battery (backwards)) it opens and disconnects both batteries
What light will you see if reverse current relay opens
Battery
How can you check battery voltage
Turn on batteries individually and watch voltmeter on the top left of the panel
Why would you get a battery warning light
- Either or both batteries disconnected from DC bus due to open bat relay or reverse current relay
- DC power selector is in cold start position
- External power position is selected and EXT power is plugged in.
How many attempts should be made to reset the reverse current relay
No more than 2
What is the normal range of the inverter
105 to 125 volts
Why would get a GEN light
Generator disconnected from main DC bus
Why would you get an AC FAIL light
Inverter loss to AC bus
What temp is the thermal switch on the battery set
150F
What voltage must the batteris be at to attempt a start? IFL RULE
20 Volts
What odd items are on the essential bus
Tail beacon & Right landing lt. motor
Approximately what duration is expected from emergency power source
30-40 mins @ 50 amps
Max temp for series start operation
-10 C (Always cold start GE CF700)
Should we start garretts in series
no
Minimum DEEC voltage for dispatch
24
Can all buses be powered by 1 battery
Yes
What is the differential protection relay
Opens and disconnects the generator if it senses a short/fault between generator and bus
What does differential protection relay look for (numerical value)
150 amp difference between generators and bus
What powers the DEEC if main batteries lose power
Two 4 AH batteries + 1 standby 4 AH battery
How long will the standby battery power the DEEC
Auto: 1 hour
Manual: 1hr 25mins
Off: 4hr 20mins
What do the emergency DEEC batteries power in manual and off position?
Engine gauges
What turns the amber computer light on
- Computer supply voltage below 12.5 volts
- Switch in MAN or OFF
- Failure of a system monitored by computer
- Computer stby battery voltage below 22 volts with plane on ground
What is the start generator rated at
28.5 volts 300 amp
Is emergency lighting AC or DC
AC powered by battery pack
Jetpack batteries supply power to
standby gyro ans standby gyro instrument lights
#1 Comm (some cases)
AHRS in EFIS aircraft
What else has a backup battery
Davton clock
What 5 switches directly or indirectly effects battery control
- DC power selector
- AUX bus switch
- # 1 Batt switch
- # 2 Batt switch
- Battery reset switch
What switches can control the generators
- DC power selector
2. Each generator on/off switch
What position must the DC power selector be in to have generators connected to the distribution system
Flight Norm
What is the acronym for generator problems
Short - Gen switch drops to off position
Overvoltage - Gen switch drops
Undervoltage - gen switch stays up (on)
Reverse current - switch stays on
Will the generator function as an engine starter in the off position
no
To check voltage on either generator or battery what must be done
Turn off other generator or battery to isolate the one you want and read voltage on the dc voltmeter on overhead panel
When will you get DC GEN light
When either gen is disconnected from main bus
Does the DC GEN light mean the generator is off
No, could be just isolated (IE. Undervoltage, reverse current)
When using series start, first engine is started with? Second?
Batteries in series
Can generators come online with switch in cold start(series)
No, must be in flight normal
Can we do cold starts
Only with MX approval on garretts, GE = Yes
What must GPU be rated at for use to start
28.5 volts +-1000 Amps min, 1200Amps max
Start safety system - What controls need to be positioned where for the starter to engage?
Gen - On
Batt. Switches - Both on
Igniters switch - Ground Start (or motor start stop to motor)
Power lever - Idle/cutoff
What are the start limits?
1st attempt - 40 sec on / 1 min off
then motor - 15 sec on / 2 min off
2nd attempt - 30 sec on / 1 min off
then motor - 15 sec on / 2 min off
3rd attempt - 30 sec on / 30 min off
What are start limits above 30C
Double time between successive starts
What voltage will the generator put out regular and after start
28.5 normal / 27 for three minutes after battery start to charge batteries more gently
Will the generators have reduced voltage after APU start
No, 28.5
Max gen output
300 amp
Max recommended continuous outpot
200 amp
What is the generator altitude range and how is it cooled?
42,000ft cooled by bypass air
Can one generator supply power for all systems in normal ops
Yes (Normally operating at <150 amps/gen in 2 engine operation)
What is the APU generator rated at?
300amp
What are the current limiters rated at in GE and Garrett engines
150 amp GE / 300 amp garretts
How do you test current limiters?
After start flip batt #1 off and on and you should see a change in the charging needle. If not, the current limiter was fried. To test #2 do the same with the #2 batt
GPU turns off if voltage exceeds?
29.5 volts
What switch must be used to use GPU
EXT power on DC power selector
What happens to the other generators when GPU is plugged in?
They are isolated.
What are inverters
Turn DC into AC
What voltage do the inverters supply
115 volt AC/ 26 Volt AC / 5 volt for instrument lighting
How is the 5 volt AC produced
Through stepdown transformers
New AMD system inverter
Garrett TFE731
New AMD system inverters rated at? What kind of inverters?
750 volts amp, 115 volts 400hz
Static
What systems sypply power to inverters
#1 pilots side - Non shed DC #2 copilots side - load shed DC Standby - non shed DC
When can standby inverter power #1 AC bus? #2?
Can power #1 anytime
Can power #2 only in non load shed condition (AUX bus on)
Which inverter can work when AUX bus is off
1
1 AC bus controls
Essential AC
PAC system is on which planes
CF700 powered
Inverters rated at?
1 and #2: 2500 A
Standby: 750 A
All 115 volts 400Hz
What kind of inverters does the PAC system use
Dynamic
Inverter selector switch has what 2 settings
1 and #2
These 2 inverters are on which bus (load shed or non-load shed)
Non-load shed
What happens if aux bus is turned off? (Inverters)
Lose 1 and 2 inverters
What happens if you power system up on #1 inverter and the inverter fails
Switch drops to #2 inverter
What positions does the standby inverter have
Normal
Off
On
What is normal for (standby inverter switch)
If switch is in normal and you lose both #1 and #2 inverters the standby inverter turns on automatically
What is on for? (Standby inverter switch)
To override the other inverters and run the standby inverter
Normal switch selection should be? (Standby inverter switch)
Inverter selector - #1 (UP)
Inverter control - On (UP)
Standby switch - Normal
Why normally select #1 inverter?
So it will drop to #2 if it fails (automatically switches)
What must you do to get inverter selector to stay on #1 inverter?
Hold lever up until inverter is turned on
What powers emergency lighting?
two nicad batteries 4-5 volts
What switch controls emergency lights
EXIT LIGHTS switch on overhaul panel
What positions does the emergency light switch have?
OFF, ON, ARM
What is off position for?
Emergency light switch
Lights are not grounded and cannot illuminate
When do we use the off position?
Emergency light switch
When shutting down aircraft
When might you turn the switch ON?
Emergency light switch
Engine start at night
Why might you turn the (Emergency light switch) ON during engine start?
Main lights will fade out during start but exit lights turn dome light on
What does ARM do? (Emergency light switch)
Turns lights on if power is taken from main bus
Emergency lighting battery is charged by
load shed AC bus
Instrument lighting is powered by?
AC
Intergral lights (inst Rim Lights) are powered by?
DC rectified from 115 AC through stepdown inverters
Cabin lights and CB panel lights are powered by?
DC
What is the speed and alt. limit for retractable landing lights
220kts and not above 20,000
Landing light switch positions are
ON - Extends and illuminates when extended
OUT - extends lights (doesnt turn on) (if lights are on you can turn them off without retracting by flipping back to out)
OFF - retracts and extinguishes lights
How many fuel tanks are there?
4 (2 wing and 2 feeder)
How much fuel do they hold
Wings: 8230
Feeder: 430
How is fuel delivered to engines
Wings: electric fuel pumps
Feeder: boost pumps
What is the fuel feeder tank system called?
Transfer
What powers the transfer system
electric pumps and bleed air
What pressure are the tanks pressurized to
Wings: 3.62 psi
Feeders 1.45 psi
What pressure do the electric fuel pumps operate at?
Garrets: 5.5psi
GE: 8.7psi
When will the #1 transfer light come on?
Transfer pressure below 4 psi
Why might the pressure in transfer pump be low
Loss of pump
Leak in transfer line
low wing fuel
Fuel transfer psi is normally
about 20psi
How is fuel transferred between tanks
Interconnect system
How is the fuel transfer system powered
Jet pumps powered by excess fuel turned back into tanks from the fuel pumps
How else can fuel be moved?
A cross feed system routes fuel from one feeder tank across to the opposite engine
Does this system (cross feed) move fuel to the opposite feeder tank?
No, directly to the engine.
How is fuel measured
Capacitance probes in wing tanks and floats in feeder tanks
What feeds APU fuel
Right feeder tank
How many floats in feeder tanks?
One in most, two in some (higher is backup shutoff or ground fuel)
Where does power come from for transfer pumps
28.5 DC from shed bus
When are transfer pumps on?
All normal operations
Transfer pumps fuel flow is?
3,500lbs/hr
Where are the manual transfer shutoff valves
Emergency compartment and mid cabin aisle floor
How do you move fuel from one wing to the other
Open interconnect valves and hut of transfer pump on side with more fuel. Fuel is sucked into low tank by interconnect jet pump.
What rate will the interconnect jump deliver at?
2400 lbs/ hr
What method of fuel balancing would be most efficient at high power settings? Low power settings?
High: Cross feed
Low: Interconnect
