Limitations on Bringing Cases to Court

Question 1

Standing

Answer 1

Must have actual injury

Question 2

State Action

Answer 2

Defendant must be STATE actor

Question 3

13th Amendment

Answer 3

Any racial discrimination can be prosecuted / someone can be held accountable
- NO STATE ACTION REQUIRED

if explicitly racial discrimination, can go after private actors

Question 4

Mootness

Answer 4

Case is over, nothing left to litigate
- issues have been resolved

Question 5

Ripeness

Answer 5

Case not ready for trial aka “NO CASE OR CONTROVERSY”
- not ready to be brought
- nothing has happened yet