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Dash8 311 > Limitations > Flashcards

Limitations Flashcards

1
Q

Max ramp weight

A

19,595kg

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2
Q

MTOW

A

19,505kg

MCTOW & MLW may be REDUCED by performance requirements (AFM Section 5)

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3
Q

MLW

A

19,051kg

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4
Q

MZFW

A

17,917kg

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5
Q

Cargo compartment weights

A

1A - 385kg
1B - 454kg

2A - 227kg
2B - 227kg

3 - 181kg

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6
Q

Max total baggage compartment weight

A

1134kg

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7
Q

CG limits

A

Up to 13,608kg
15%mac / 391.2inch / 9937mm TO 40%mac / 412.57in / 10,479mm

13,608 - 19,505kg
varies linearly 15% - 21.5%mac / 391.2 - 396.75in / 9937 - 10,065mm TO 40%mac / 412.57in / 10,479mm

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8
Q

Load limits

ie limits AOB in turns & pull up /down manoeuvres

A

Flaps up +2.5g, -1g

Flaps extended +2g, 0g

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9
Q

Max lateral asymmetry

A

Max fuel imbalance between main fuel tank contents = 272kg

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10
Q

Max operating altitude

A

25,000ft AMSL

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11
Q

Max operating altitude for take off & landing

A

10,000ft AMSL

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12
Q

Max altitude for extending gear or flap

A

15,000ft AMSL

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13
Q

Max runway slope approved for take off & landing

A

+2% (uphill)

-2% (downhill)

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14
Q

Max TWC for take off & landing

A

( Tail wind comp measured 10m above runway )

Max 10kt

Or 20kt with limitations (for Air Nelson)

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15
Q

Max XWC for take off & landing

A

( XWC measured 10m above runway )

36kts XWC approved on a hard, dry runway

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16
Q

Ambient temperature limits (flight & ground)

A

-54C

TO

+48.9C or ISA+35C (whichever lower)

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17
Q

Airspeed limitations , when do they apply ?

A

To all weights up to 19,500kg unless otherwise stated

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18
Q

Vmo

A

Max operating speed , must not exceed in any phase or flight. Vmo varies linearly with altitude

0 to 17,000ft - 243kt
20,000ft - 232kt
25,000ft - 214kt

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19
Q

Vfe

A

Flaps extended speed

Flaps 5 - 163kt
Flaps 10 - 154kt
Flaps 15 - 150kt
Flaps 35 - 138kt

Rapid/large control inputs may result in structural flap failure at any speed (including below Va)

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20
Q

Va

A

Manoeuvring speed
Full abrupt control inputs above Va risk structural damage

177kt

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21
Q

Vlo

A

Landing gear operating speed

163kt

Max speed it is safe to extend or retract gear

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22
Q

Vle

A

Landing gear extended speed

173kt

Max speed aircraft can be flown with gear extended

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23
Q

Vra

A

Rough airspeed

190kt

Max speed for flight in severe turbulence

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24
Q

Alternate Gear Extension Speed

A

140kts

Under this mode of extension , speed is limited because all wheel well doors remain open after gear is fully down

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25
Q

Max tyre speed (ground speed)

A

165kt

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26
Q

Power is set using

A

Torque , %

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27
Q

Condition lever

A

Sets RPM

RPM you set depends on the phase of flight

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28
Q

RPM settings (ie Condition lever setting)

A

Ground & take off - condition lever (rpm) max, 1212rpm

Climb - condition lever 1050rpm

Cruise - condition levers min, 900rpm

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29
Q

Prevalent power limits

A

Typically limited by Torque at low altitude

As you climb (density & temp decreases) you start becoming limited by ITT

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30
Q

Practically , engine is monitored by

A

Looking at Torque , RPM and ITT.

Other engine limits must still be know though for non normal operations

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31
Q

MTOP time limit

A

5mins

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32
Q

MTOP torque Tq limit

A

105.6%, for max 5mins

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33
Q

NTOP, normal take off power, static Tq limit

A

Static limit - 92%

NTOP limit includes a 2% increase to maintain the intended Tq following the power setting transient.

In flight limit - 90%

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34
Q

Max continuous Tq (%)

A

Max Tq 90% for 1200Np

Max Tq 96% for 1125Np or lower

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35
Q

Max reverse Tq %

A

90%

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36
Q

Max altitude for air start engine

A

20,000ft

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37
Q

Engine ambient temperature limits

A

-54C

to

+48.9C or isa+35C (the lesser)

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38
Q

MTOP ITT limit

A

800C

Note, MTOP limited to 5min

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39
Q

NTOP ITT limit

A

765C

NTOP ITT limit can be exceeded by 5C for 30sec max

40
Q

ITT start temperature limits

A

900 - 950C for max 5secs

840 - 900C for max 12secs

Transient ITT limit 840C for 20secs

41
Q

Transient Tq limit

A

115%

42
Q

Np (prop rpm)

MTOP
NTOP
Max continuous
Transient 
Max reverse
A 
MTOP - 1212rpm
NTOP - 1212rpm
Max cont @ 90% - 1212rpm
                 @ 96% - 1125rpm
Transient - 1320rpm
Reverse - 1212rpm
43
Q

Oil pressure limits

A

Normal pressure 55 - 65psid

Oil pressure 40 - 55psid is allowed at engine speeds below 75% Nh

With the exception of spool up during engine start, oil pressure BELOW 40psi required engine shut down

Oil pressure starting limit - 200psi

44
Q

Min flight idle Nh

A

66%

45
Q

Oil temperature limits

A

Normal 45 - 115C

Temp of 115 - 125C is time limited to 20mins

For adequate inlet splitter anti ice min oil temp 45C required

Before unfeathering prop or for power settings above flight idle , min oil temp of 0C required

46
Q

Nh nl not on brainscape

A

X

47
Q

Fuel grade approved

A

Fuels confirming to ASTM D1655 jet A1 approved

Mixing of fuels is permitted

48
Q

Max concentration of fuel system ice inhibitor allowed

A

0.15% max ice inhibitor in fuel

49
Q

Useable fuel tank capacity , each tank

A

1287kg

50
Q

Fuel system tips

A

When fuel indicators read 0, fuel remaining in tanks is unuseable

Tank 1 & 2 aux fuel pumps must be on for take off and landing

If fuel heater outlet indication is below 11C or above 57C , aux fuel pumps can’t be used

51
Q

Propeller

A

Hamilton standard

14SF-15 or 14SF-23

52
Q

Engine model

A

Pratt & Whitney

PW123 (standard equipment)

PW123B or PW123E

53
Q

Starter cranking time limits

A

Start 1 = max 1 min on, followed by 2 min off

Start 2 = max 1 min on, then 2 min off

Start 3 = max 1 min on, then 30min off

54
Q

Engine start tailwind limits

A

GPU assisted start - max 35kt TW

APU or cross generator assisted start - max 20kt TW

Battery start - no tailwind

55
Q

Ground operations engine limitations

A

Max ground torque 92.5%

Max torque with propeller feathered 48%

Min Mh is 66%

Propeller continuous operation between 500 and 780rpm is prohibited

Extended operation with prop rpm in excess of 780rpm must only be carried out with direct headwind

56
Q

Engine airborne power limitations

A

In flight operation of power levers aft of FLT IDLE gate is prohibited
(This will cause prop overspeed , possible engine failure , loss of control of aircraft)

57
Q

Electrical limits.

DC Generators max load meter reading ground & flight

A

Ground operation - max load meter reading 0.7. DC generator Load meter can exceed this for up to 1 min for internal battery starts

Flight operation - max load meter 1.0

58
Q

Electrical limits.

Max load meter reading L & R TRU

A

Ground operations - 1.0

Flight operations - 1.0

59
Q

Electrical limits.

AC generators max load meter readings for

  1. Ground op up to 10C oat
  2. Ground op at or above 10C oat
  3. Flight op
A
  1. Max AC loadmeter reading ground 10C is 1.0
  2. Max AC load reading ground at or more than 10C is 0.33
  3. Max AC load reading flight operation 1.0
60
Q

Electrical limits.

Max load meter reading inverters

A

1.0 for ground and flight operations

61
Q

Air Con & Pressurisation

Normal cabin pressure differential limit

A

5.5 +/- 0.3psi

62
Q

Air Con & Pressurisation

Maximum cabin pressure differential limit

A

5.95psi

63
Q

Air Con & Pressurisation

Max cabin pressure differential limit for taxi take off landing

A

0.5psi

64
Q

Air Con & Pressurisation

Bleed air operation

A

Bleed air must be off for take off and landing

BUT AFM supplement 21 approves bleed air on for landing

65
Q

Wheel brake cooling limits

A

Brake cooling times (AFM sec 5.12) between landing or RTO and next take off ,

This ensures sufficient brake energy is available for subsequent take off if it was rejected

66
Q

Icing

Ice conditions

A

Icing conditions exist when

  1. SAT on ground and for take off is 10C or less
  2. SAT in flight 5C or less & any form of visible moisture is present (cloud, rain, snow, ice)
  3. SAT on ground and for take off is 10C or less if operating on taxiway/runway/stand where surface water or snow or ice may be ingested into engine or freeze in nacelles/probes/engine
67
Q

Icing

Engine intake bypass doors

A

Engine intake bypass doors must be open & engine ignition switch on AUTO for engine operation in icing conditions

68
Q

Icing

Airframe

A

When ice is detected , AIRFRAME AUTO switch must be positioned FAST or SLOW

69
Q

AFCS

A

Automatic flight control system

AFCS is approved for cat II operations iaw supplement 16. But cannot fly to cat II approach minima on AFCS

70
Q

AFCS rules

A
  1. During autopilot operation , pilot must be seated with harness on
  2. Autopilot must not be manually overpowered
  3. On approach , autopilot must be disengaged at or above 200’ above runway elevation. MUST BE DISENGAGED AT/ABOVE 1000’agl
  4. No autopilot approaches to be done with OEI
  5. Autopilot must be disengaged in severe icing
  6. Autopilot back course approaches not permitted
71
Q

AFCS & flight director approaches

A

AFCS & FD only approaches are approved for glideslope angles 2.5-4deg

Glideslope angles greater than 3deg are approved for approach flap 15 Only

72
Q

AFCS APP mode not permitted when

A
  1. Flaps 35
  2. Flaps 5 and autopilot engaged below 1500’ AGL
  3. Flaps 0 and autopilot engaged below 500’ AGL
73
Q

AFCS mode rules

A

Use of VOR without associated DME is not permitted in NAV and APP mode

74
Q

AFCS

Min height engage after take off or go around

A

1000’ agl

75
Q

FMS System name

A

UNS-1Ew

76
Q

FMS software part number

A

SCN 1000.8 must be installed & verified before using the FMS for navigation

In dual FMS configuration , the same software version must be installed in each FMS

77
Q

FMS

VNAV cannot be used when

A

VNAV is prohibited when either TRM is not displayed when in Terminal mode

VNAV prohibited if APP is not displayed when FMS is in approach mode

78
Q

FMS

APP not displayed on approach

A

Approach must not be commenced or continued if APP is not displayed

79
Q

FMS

Using stored flight plans/approaches/waypoints

A

Old/stored flight plans/app/waypoints must be verified (each waypoint) before use

80
Q

FMS

GPS INTEG light illuminated

A

If gps info isn’t adequate for navigation (GPS INTEG) & FMS is used as the primary source of navigation…

Use of both EHSIs in MAP mode is prohibited

81
Q

FMS

Altimetry

A

Pilot & copilot altimeters must be the primary altitude reference for all VNAV operations

VNAV prohibited if altimeter has QFE set

82
Q

FMS

GPS Instrument approaches

A

Instrument approaches must be done in APP mode for GPS approaches

RAIM must be available at FAF

83
Q

FMS

ILS

A

FMS based ILS, LOC, LOC-BC & MLS approaches are prohibited

84
Q

FMS

VNAV vertical path limits

A

Enroute & terminal , VNAV vertical path angles greater than 6deg

&

In APP mode, very path angles greater than 4deg

are prohibited

85
Q

FMS

Changing temperature compensation factor

A

After input or change of temperature in the temp compensation factor,
manually entered VNAV altitude constraints must be re-entered

86
Q

FMS

P-RNAV operations

A

P-RNAV operations may only be conducted if FMS is in TERM mode

87
Q

FMS

Database expired checks

A

If FMS database is expired, unless the pilot verified the waypoints with ifr charts , ifr TERM and EN—-ROUTE navigation is prohibited

88
Q

FMS

Database expired

A

If FMS database is expired , approach navigation is prohibited

89
Q

FMS

POSITION UNCERTAIN message

A

FMS must not be used for navigation guidance if POSITION UNCERTAIN is displayed on CDU

90
Q

FMS

Flight above 73deg N or below 60deg S latitudes using FMS

A

Flight above/below these latitudes with FMS may only be conducted of magnetic variation is manually input to FMS or an alternate true heading source is used and no manual variation is input

91
Q

FMS

Fuel display

A

Indications are advisory only , not to be used for computing fuel load & range

92
Q

FMS

FMS use for approach guidance

A

FMS only used for approach guidance if that instrument approach reference coordinate data system is WGS84 or NAD83

93
Q

FMS

Use of pilot defined approaches

A

Is prohibited in IMC

94
Q

FMS

VNAV disconnect

A

If altitudes are manually entered before or after the temperature compensation function is activated , it may produce VNAV paths with climb segments that result in VNAV disconnect

95
Q

FMS

RAIM and alternative navaids

A

If no SBAS coverage or SBAS failed , and using GPS to navigate ,

aircraft must have approved navaids appropriate to the route so as to provide alternate means of navigation

96
Q

FMS

LPB and LNAV/VNAV SBAS level of service (LOS) approaches are prohibited

A

X

Dash8 311 (2 decks)

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