Limitations Flashcards
Maximum ramp weight
E170 82,364 lbs
E175 85,870
Maximum Cargo Compartment Loads
Aircraft
ERJ 170. Fwd 3020lbs Aft. 2271lbs
ERJ 175. Fwd 3307lbs Aft. 2535lbs
Max. takeoff and landing tailwind component
10 knots
Max. runway slope
+/- 2.0%
Type of operations
1) Visual flight (VFR)
2) Instrument flight (IFR)
3) Icing conditions
4) CAT II
5) RVSM
6) EOW (175 when properly equipped)
Runway Surface Type
Paved
Flap maneuvering load acceleration limits. Flaps..
Up. -1.0 G to +2.5 G
Down (1,2,3,4,5,and Full). 0.0 G to +2.0 G
Max. operating altitude
41,000 feet
Max. takeoff and landing altitude
8,000 feet (ERJ 170/175 only)
Max. ambient air temperature for T/O and landing
52°C
Max. flap extension altitude
20,000 ft
Max. flight operating latitude
78oN to 78oS
Min. ambient temperature approved for takeoff
-40°C
Min. ambient temperature for operation
-54°C
The maximum demonstrated crosswind for takeoff and landing is:
38 knots
The maximum crosswinds for takeoff and landing will be—
WET/DRY
28 knots
The maximum crosswinds for takeoff and landing will be
NOT WET OR DRY limits
Compact Snow. . 20
Standing H2O/Slush. . 18
Wet Ice (no melting) . .12
TURBULENT AIR PENETRATION
Below10,000MSL- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -250KIAS
At or above 10,000 MSL - - - - - - 270 KIAS/0.76M (E170/175/190). Use whichever speed is lower
During climb or descent with variations in indicated airspeed, the use of FLCH mode may result in airplane pitch changes. The use of FPA mode is recommended to maintain airplane attitude.
LANDING GEAR SPEEDS (VLO AND VLE)
Maximum gear extension speed (VLO) 250 KIAS
Maximum gear retraction speed (VLO) 250 KIAS
Maximum gear extended speed (VLE) 250 KIAS
VLOisthemaximumspeedatwhichthelandinggearcanbesafely extended and retracted.
VLEisthemaximumspeedatwhichtheaircraftcanbesafelyflown with the landing gear extended and locked.
MAXIMUM TIRE GROUND SPEED
Maximum Tire Ground Speed 195 Knots
MAXIMUM FLAP OPERATING SPEEDS - VFE
Flap 1 230 Flap 2 215 Flap 3 200 Flap 4 180 Flap 5 180 Flap full 165
MAXIMUM SPEED TO OPEN THE DIRECT VISION WINDOW
160 KIAS
MANEUVERING SPEED ENVELOPE
Full application of rudder and aileron controls, as well as maneuvers that involve angles of attack near the stall, must be confined to speeds below 240 KIAS (R).
Is there a temperature limit for anti-icing automatic operation?
There is no temperature limitation for anti-icing system automatic operation.
DEFINITION OF ICING CONDITIONS
A. Icing conditions may exist whenever the Static Air Temperature (SAT) on the ground or for takeoff, or Total Air Temperature (TAT) inflight, is 10°C or below and visible moisture in any form is present (such as clouds, fog with visibility of one mile or less, rain, snow, sleet, and ice crystals).
B. Icing conditions may also exist when the SAT on the ground and for takeoff is 10°C or below when operating on ramps, taxiways, or runways where surface snow, ice, standing water, or slush may be ingested by the engines, or freeze on engines, nacelles, or engine sensor probes.
ENGINE AND WING ANTI-ICE SYSTEM OPERATIONS
On the ground (R)
During taxi out and takeoff, the MCDU DATASET MENU must be set to ALL when SAT is 10oC or below and icing conditions exist or are anticipated.
On the ground, do not rely on visual icing evidence or ice detector actuation to turn on the engine anti-icing system. Use the temperature and visual moisture criteria specified in this section. Delaying the use of the Anti-Icing system until ice build-up is visible from the flight deck may result in ice ingestion and possible engine damage or flameout.
ENGINE AND WING ANTI-ICE SYSTEM OPERATIONS
In flight
The engine and wing anti-ice systems operate automatically in case of ice encounter when the ICE PROTECTION Mode Selector is in AUTO. If either one or both ice detectors are failed, the crew must set the mode selector to ON when icing conditions exist or are anticipated at or below 10oC TAT with visible moisture.
Delaying the use of the anti-icing system until ice build-up is visible from the flight deck may result in ice ingestion and possible engine damage and/or flameout.
WINDSHIELD WIPER OPERATION
Maximum airspeed for windshield wiper operation is 250 KIAS (R)
Maximum usuable fuel by tank? Unusable? Total usuable + unusable
10393 lbs.
(1535.5 US Gal)
Usable + unusable = 10393 + 75 =
20,936 lbs
(3094 US Gal)
Unusable quantity per tank
75 lbs
11 US Gal
APPROVED FUELS
Primary fuel 1) Jet A (ATSM D1655) 2) Jet A-1 (ATSM D1655) Alternate fuel 1) JP-8 (MIL-T-83133A) Brazilian Specification 1) QAV1
FUEL TANK TEMPERATURE- Minimum
-40°C
FUEL IMBALANCE
- Maximum fuel imbalance between tanks.
790 lbs
CROSSFEED OPERATIONS
The XFEED Selector must be set to OFF during takeoff and landing.
Pressurization Chart
Maximum Differential Pressure
Up to 37,000 feet?
Above 37,000 feet?
Up to 37,000 feet 7.8
Above 37,000 feet 8.3
Maximum Differential Overpressure
8.7 psi
Maximum Differential Negative Pressure
-0.5 psi
Maximum Differential Pressure for Takeoff and Landing
0.2 psi
AIR CONDITIONING
The maximum altitude for single pack operation?
31,000 ft
Dispatch or departure with the message ‘RECIRC SMK DET FAIL’ displayed is _____________ unless troubleshooting action confirms the message has not been triggered due to a failure of an AMS controller card.
Prohibited
BRAKES
Cooling Limitation - do not takeoff with _________ brake temperature indicators. (R)
Amber
Towing
Towbarless towing is ___________, unless the towbarless towing
operations are performed in compliance with the appropriate
operational requirements using towbarless towing vehicles that are designed and operated to preclude damage to the airplane nose
wheel steering system, or which provide a reliable and unmistakable warning when damage to the steering system may have occurred.
Prohibited
Towbarless towing vehicles that are specifically accepted for this type of airplane are listed in the documentation provided by the
airplane manufacturer.
LANDING GEAR RETRACTION
Activation of the landing gear downlock release button is __________for all takeoffs unless obstacle clearance is required. (R)
Prohibited
Maximum Altitude with Flaps Extended?
Maximum altitude …………….20,000 feet.
Enroute use of flaps is _____________. (R)
prohibited
Do not hold in icing conditions with ____________. (R)
Flaps extended
When can you use Flaps 4?
Use Flaps 4 for takeoff only. Prohibited for use during approach and landing configuration.
THRUST REVERSERS are approved for ___________.
Ground use only
Thrust reversers are Intended for use during __________.
Full stop landings
Do not attempt a ____________ after deployment of the thrust reversers.
Go-around maneuver
Power back operations using thrust reversers are _________.
Prohibited
Landing rollout below 60 KIAS:
1) Application of maximum reverse thrust is _________ .
2) Reduce reverse thrust to _______.
- ) not permitted
2. ) IDLE
TAS, TAT and SAT are only valid above ____KIAS.
60 KIAS
Standby magnetic compass indication is not valid while transmitting on _______.
VHF #1
Barometric altimeter minimums must be used for all ________ .
CAT I approaches
LOC Backcourse approaches using IESS is _____.
not authorized
EPGWS Limitations:
Aircraft navigation must not be predicated upon the use of the________.
Terrain Awareness Display
The use of predictive EGPWS functions should be manually inhibited when landing at an airport that is ___________ to avoid unwanted alerts.
not in the airport database
Pilots are authorized to deviate from their current ________ to the extent necessary to comply with an EGPWS Warning.
ATC clearance
EPGWS Limitations:
The _______ is intended to be used as a situational tool only and may not provide the accuracy and/or fidelity on which to solely base terrain avoidance maneuvering.
Terrain Display
The use of predictive EGPWS functions should be manually
inhibited during QFE operations if _________.
GPS data is unavailable or inoperative
TCAS
Pilots are authorized to deviate from their current ATC clearance to the extent necessary to comply with a _________.
Resolution Advisory (RA).
TCAS
Maneuvers must not be based solely on information presented in the ________.
traffic display
During RVSM operation it is necessary that the following equipment and instruments be in proper operating condition—
____________
- 2 RVSM Compliant Air Data Systems;
- 1 Autopilot with Altitude Hold Mode operative;
- 1 Altitude Alerter;
- 1 Transponder.
RVSM MINIMUM EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
The ADS1, ADS2 and
ADS3 are compliant with _________.
RVSM operation
RVSM MINIMUM EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
The IESS must not be used for ________.
RVSM operation
Should any of the required equipment fail prior to the aircraft entering RVSM airspace, the pilot should request a ________ to avoid entering this airspace.
new clearance
The altitude as indicated on the two PFDs must not exceed the differences depicted in the following table: Aircraft Altitude. 2000 up to 10000 10000 up to 20000 20000 up to 41000
Aircraft Altitude. Max Diff between PFDs
2000 up to 10000. 50 ft
10000 up to 20000. 120 ft
20000 up to 41000. 180 ft
INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM
The aircraft may be operated within the North and South magnetic polar cut-out regions specified in the table below, but IRS magnetic heading and track angle magnetic data will not be available
MAGNETIC CUT-OUT REGIONS North LATITUDE Between 73.125°N and 82°N LONGITUDE Between 80°W and 130°W LATITUDE. North of 82°N LONGITUDE. Between 0° and 180°W/E South LATITUDE Between 60°S and 82°S LONGITUDE Between 120°E and 160°E LATITUDE South of 82°S LONGITUDE Between 0° and 180°W/E
Whenever operating within North or
South magnetic polar cutout regions, current aircraft heading must be referenced to true heading, if not already selected. Otherwise, the
___________ will be displayed.
Failure Indication flag
Maximum Latitude for Stationary Alignment:-
78.25° Northern and Southern
IRS stationary alignment will complete only after a valid aircraft present position (latitude and longitude) is received either from the ______ or ________.
FMS (pilot entry) or automatically from GPS.
Time to stationary alignment completion:
See chart pg 3-23
3.10.6.2
The Honeywell FMS Pilot’s Guide must be immediately available to the Flight Crew in the cockpit whenever navigation is predicated on the use of the FMS. The software version must be displayed on the _______________ page.
Multi Control Display Unit (MCDU) NAV IDENT page
RNP-1 operations,
including P-RNAV, require the use of the ___________.
Flight Director or Autopilot.
This applies to operations where RNP-1 is mandatory, including P-RNAV.
The Captain must ensure displayed guidance data from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is not used for navigation purposes by the Flight Crew.
non-usable stations
Reference Honeywell FMS Pilot’s
Guide Chapter 6 NOTICES TO AIR-MAN for the removal process of
Non-usable Navaids.
Using the NOTAM function of the FMS, non-usable stations can be
entered as permanent (up to 3) or temporary (up to 3). The flight crew MUST only enter the station on the ______ column. This allows theFMS to reset navaids after every flight. If entered on the permanent
column, it will stay deselected in the FMS database forever.
temporary
The NOTAM function in the FMS does not always inhibit tuning of a
NOTAM selected station by the FMS when in ____ tune mode. Note
that the FMS will not use NOTAM selected station data for FMS position determination.
AUTO
The use of GPS is limited to areas where GPS is approved.
______ of GPS should be performed in non-approved areas.
Deselection
Prior to flight using the FMS for IFR navigation, a minimum of one
______must be verified to be installed and operational. Also, any appropriate _________that are utilized by the procedures to be flown must be verified as operational using an approved method (NOTAM, etc.).
VOR, DME, and IRS
ground facilities (VOR, DME)
If GPS RAIM is annunciated as not available during terminal,
enroute, or remote/oceanic operation, the pilot must monitor ______________.
FMS guidance data and crosscheck against raw data from an alternatesource (e.g. VOR, DME, or IRS)
Due to priority use of GPS by the FMS, IFR Navigation using the FMS is limited to use with procedures that are referenced to the
____________, unless other appropriate authorized procedures are used.
WGS-84 or NAD-83 datum
IFR Navigation using the FMS is prohibited unless the pilot verifies the currency of the selected navigation database cycle on the ______page.
NAV IDENT
IFR Navigation using the FMS is limited to geographic regions contained within the navigation database that is ________.
installed in the airplane
Operation above 72° 30.0’ north latitude and below 59° 30.0’ south latitude is prohibited due to unreliable magnetic heading, unless ________.
at least one Inertial Reference System (IRS) is verified operational as a sensor to the FMS
FMS performance management calculations have not been certified by the FAA. FMS performance management information is advisory information only, and may not be used as a basis for _________.
fuel load planning or airplane range predictions
Selection of FMS Position Update is ______ during RNP operations, including RNP-10 operations.
prohibited
FMS
The use of the Step Climb function is _____ .
prohibited
FMS General Limitations
The selection of course interception to a conditional waypoint is ______.
prohibited
For takeoff and go around, LNAV must not be armed below ____ and VNAV below ______.
400 ftAGL
Acceleration Altitude.
For takeoff and go around in one engine condition, LNAV and VNAV must not be armed below the ________.
Acceleration Altitude
The use of VNAV guidance is prohibited when the FD vertical mode is ______.
standby
The use of FMS Speed guidance is prohibited when the FD verticalmode is ____.
standby
The use of VNAV guidance is ______ when the FD vertical mode is other than VNAV, unless pilots adjust the ALT SEL to each altitude constraint in the Flight Plan.
prohibited
ILS, LOC, LOC-BC, LDA, SDF, GLS, MLS, Visual, and Radar
approaches, using the FMS as the navigation source for guidance, are ______.
prohibited
FMS instrument approaches must be accomplished in accordance with approved instrument approach procedures that are retrievable from the FMS navigation database (as displayed on the APPROACH page on the MCDU). The pilot must review the complete procedure, comparing the waypoints, speeds, and altitudes displayed on the FMS with those on the published procedure charts. If any doubt exists about the integrity of the coded procedure, the procedure _______.
should not be used.
Prior to commencing and during the final approach (ILS only), the APPR annunciator must be visible on the PFD. If the APPR
annunciator is not visible, and the appropriate runway visibility
indications are not observed, the pilot should request a _____.
missed approach
When using FMS guidance to conduct an instrument approach procedure that does not include GPS in the title of the published
procedure, the flight crew must verify that the procedure specified navaids(s) and associated avionics are ________ (e.g. VOR, DME, ADF). If GPS RAIM is annunciated as not available during the approach, the pilot must monitor FMS guidance data and
crosscheck against raw data from the alternate source(s).
operational
When a GPS Only Approach is planned (GPS only in title or GPS required by operational rules), prior to dispatch, the crew is required to verify that the predictive RAIM at the destination ETA is within the approach criteria. This information (RAIM AVAILABLE), is displayed on the _____ page on the MCDU.
PREDICTIVE RAIM
For aircraft operating with EPIC Load 23, the following limitations apply:
1) Flight operations crossing the 180 degree meridian are ______.
2) If the runway in the flight plan is the active waypoint, selection of a new runway (LSK 1L on the ARRIVAL Page 1/1) is _______unless an approach associated with the new runway is also selected prior to activating the modified flight plan.
- ) not authorized
2. ) not authorized
The autopilot installed in the Embraer 170/190 when operated in
accordance with these limitations, meets the minimum altitude
requirements specified in the FARs.
Minimum Engagement Height ……………………………….___?___
Minimum Use Height- Coupled ILS Approach……………___?____
Minimum Engagement Height ……………………………….400 ft AGL
Minimum Use Height- Coupled ILS Approach……………50 ft AGL
Before initiating an approach with the AUTOPILOT engaged, make sure the correct ________has been inserted on
the FMS PROGRESS PAGE 1/3, Lines 5L and 5R.
ILS identifier
NOTE: Failure to ensure the correct iden-tifier is inserted may result in the airplane’s autopilot applying large-amplitude control inputs while following instrument landing system (ILS) guidance to runways that are not included on the FMS flight plan.
During any IFR instrument approach procedure:
- ALT selector shall never be set lower than the _______.
published approach minimums.
During any visual approach procedures:
- ALT selector shall never be set lower than ___________.
1500’ AGL or pattern altitude for the runway of use.
At no time shall -____- be placed in the ALT Selector.
0
The performance of Category II approaches has been demonstrated to meet the airworthiness requirements of FAA AC 120-29A-
Appendix 3 and CS AWO Subpart 2 requirement, when the following equipment is installed and operative:
- 2 Inertial Reference Systems;
- 2 Flight Director Systems;
- 2 Primary Flight Displays (PFD);
- Windshield Wipers;
- 2 VOR/ILS NAV Systems;
- 1 VHF/COMM System;
- 1 Radio Altimeter;
- 1 Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS);
- 2 Air Data Systems (ADS).
- Rudder in Normal Mode;
- SPOILER FAULT message not presented.
- 1 Autopilot System Channel; Manual FD approaches are prohibited.
For CAT II operation with one engine inoperative, the following also applies:
- 1 Autopilot System Channel;
- Manual FD approaches are prohibited.
NOTE: Republic Airlines is not approved forsingle engine CAT II approaches. This does not prohibit the captain from exercising their emergency authority to conduct a CAT II single engine approach if this is the safest course of action.
CAT II LIMITATIONS
The maximum demonstrated altitude loss due to autopilot malfunction is ____.
Minimum Use Height _______.
20 ft.
MUH)……………..50 ft.
NOTE: Coupled go-around height loss may be 50 ft.
CAT II approach and landing must be performed with flaps ____.
5
CAT II
MAXIMUM WIND COMPONENTS
Crosswind………………………………….___?___knots
12 knots (ERJ-170/175 Only)
CAT II LIMITATIONS
Republic Airlines is not approved for _____ controlled CAT II
approaches.
Manually
CAT II LIMITATIONS
Category II approaches are ______ in interchange aircraft.
not authorized
POWER PLANT
TYPE: ____?____
Two General Electric CF34-8E5 (ERJ 170/175 Only)
POWER PLANT
Engine Speed
N1: Min ? Max ?
N1: min –, max 99.5%
N2: min 58.5%, max 99.4%
ENGINE OPERATIONAL LIMITS
ITT
Ground Start: min ? max ?
Inflight Start: min ? max ?
Ground Start: min – max 815ºC
Inflight Start: min – max 815ºC
ENGINE OPERATING LIMITS
ITT
Normal Takeoff &Go Around: min_?_ max_?_
Maximum Takeoff And Go Around: min_?_ max_?_
Maximum Continuous: min_?_ max_?_
Normal Takeoff &Go Around: min:– max: 965ºC first 2mins 949ºC last 3 mins (5 mins total)
Maximum Takeoff And Go Around:
max 1006C first two mins 990C last 3 mins. (5 mins total)
Maximum Continuous: max 960C
Maximum Takeoff Weight
E170 82,011 lbs.
E175 85,517
Maximum Landing Weight
E170 72,310 lbs.
E175 74,957 lbs
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight
E170 65,256 lbs or 66,446*
E175 69,886 lbs
- refer to flight release to confirm MZFW
What are the starter limits on APU?
- 60 sec on 60 sec off
- 60 sec on 60 sec off
- 60 sec on 5 mins off
What are min and max temperature for APU start? Max altitude for start?
-54c to ISA + 35c
30,000 ft
What is APU min and max operating temp?
Min -62c. (-54c to start) max ISA +35c
What are APU altitude limits for the following: Max operating altitude electrical? Max operating altitude bleed? Max operating altitude engine restart? Max operating altitude to start APU?
33000ft
15000ft
21000ft
30000ft
Max APU rotor speed?
108%
Max start APU ITT?
1032 C
Max APU continuous ITT?
717 C
For takeoff what function must the ATTCS be in; T/O-1, T/O-2, T/O-3?
ATTCS ON
What kind of APU do we have? Make and model.
Sundstrand APS 2300
What engines do we have on170/175?
General Electric CF-34-8E5
What are the N1 and N2 limits of the CF-34-8E5 engines?
N1 min N/a. Max 99.5%
N2 min 58.5% max 99.4%
What is the max ITT for ground start and inflight start?
815C
What is max continuous ITT for the engine?
960C
What is min and max oil psi for the engine?
25 psi - 95 psi
What is max continuous oil temperature for engine? What is transient?
155C
163C (time limited to 15 mins above 155)
Thrust reverser limits
Ground use only Intended for full stop Do not attempt go around Power back are prohibited Must be stowed below 60 kias After deployment dont move T/L to forward thrust range, unless REV icon on EICAS is amber or green.
Max flex decrease
25%
Single engine taxi
Braking less than good
RVR less than 1200
Power out is required (no pushback)
Two minute warm up cannot be accomplished
What is min and max oil pressure for engine?
Temperature?
25-95 psi
Continuous temp 155C
Transient temp 163C. Limited to 15 mins
The E170 is ___________ from taking off with the ATTCS off.
prohibitted
Engine starter duty cycles? Review with Jon
1st and 2nd
90 on 10 sec off
90 on 10 sec off
3rd, 4th, 5th
CAT II REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
2PFD, 2ADS, 2 IRS, 2 NAV SYSTEMS (ILS/VOR), 2FD, (2PAINF)
1 Radio alt, 1 Autopilot channel, 1 Vhf comm, 1 Egpws, . (1RAVE)
Wipers
Spoiler faults not presented
Rudder in normal mode
