Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z 2021 Phase 2 Limbs and Back Others > Limbs and back week 2 > Flashcards

Limbs and back week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

briefly describe tendons

A

dense regularly arranged tissue that attach muscle to bone
highest tensile strength of all connective tissue
high proportion of collagen
closely packed parallel arranged in direction of force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the composition of tendons

A

dense connective tissue (parallel fibres of collagen I)
sparsely vascularised
cellular (fibroblasts / tenocytes ) - 20%
Extracellular (80%) 70% water, 30% solids - collagen I, ground substance, elastin, collagen III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the supraspinatous muscle?

A

supraspinous fossa
greater tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the supraspinatous?

A

assists in the abduction of the nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the innervation of the supraspinatous?

A

supra scapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the origin and insertion of teres minor?

A

axillary border
greater tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of teres minor?

A

external rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the innervation of theres minor?

A

axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the origin and insertion of infraspinatous?

A

infraspinatous border
greater tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the infraspinatous?

A

external rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the innervation of infraspinatous?

A

supra scapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the origin and insertion of subscapularis?

A

sub scapular fossa
lesser tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of subscapularis?

A

internal roation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the innervation of subscapularis?

A

supra-scapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are risk factors associated with tendon injuries?

A

older age
attrition (wear and tear)
bone spurs
acromion shape
tendonopathy leading to tears
trauma (mostly acute)
genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two types of tendon injury?

A

acute and chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What tests can be used to assess the supraspinatous?

A

ROM - forward elevation / abduction
Strength - arms out in scapular plane - don’t let me push your arms down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What tests can be used to examine infraspinatous and teres minor?

A

ROM - external rotation with elbow at side
Strength - arms tucked in and resisted external rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What tests can be used to examine subscapularis?

A

ROM - thumb behind back
Strength - belly press / push off behind back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are non-operative treatment options for rotator cuff tears?

A

physiotherapy
injection (steroid / local anaesthetic ) for pain
analgesia

21
Q

What are surgical treatment options for rotator cuff tears?

A

repair tendon to bone - arthroscopic / open surgery
platelet rich plasma injection?

22
Q

What is involved in the physiotherapy treatment of rotator cuff tears?

A

early controlled mobilisation

23
Q

what are the joints of the shoulder?

A

glen-humeral joint
accromio-clavicular joint

24
Q

What are the roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5 and C6

25
Q

What muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?

A

teres minor and deltoid

26
Q

What are the roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7

27
Q

What muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

coracobrachialis, brachial, biceps bracchi

28
Q

What are the roots of the radial nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

29
Q

What muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?

A

triceps brachia, extensor and supinator muscles

30
Q

What are the roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

(C7) C8, T1

31
Q

What muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

antebrachial, hypothenar, deep intrinsic muscles of the hand

32
Q

What are the roots for the median nerve?

A

C6, C7, C8, T1

33
Q

What muscles are innervated by the median nerve

A

ante brachial, thenar muscles, some lumbricles

34
Q

What are the 3 layers of blood vessels?

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

35
Q

Describe the tunica intima

A

a single layer of squamous epithelium
provides a smooth, friction-reducing lining for the vessel

36
Q

Describe the tunica media

A

smooth muscle, connective tissue (elastic fibres)
vasoconstriction and vasodilation to control BP

37
Q

Describe the tunica externa

A

made of fibrous connective tissue
protective and supporting layer

38
Q

Describe anastmoses

A

arterioles communicating with another form anastomoses
anatomical - circle of Willis in the brain
functional - mesenteric vessels of the GI tract

39
Q

Describe collateral circulation

A

enlargement of vascular results in collateral circulation
small arteries anastomose more frequently and can result in extensive networks allowing ongoing perfusion

40
Q

name peripheral pulses

A

temporal
carotid
brachial
popliteal
dorsalis
posterior tibial

41
Q

Give examples of some non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis

A

increasing age
male sex
family history

42
Q

Give examples of some modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis

A

hyperlipidaemia
hypertension
smoking
diabetes
obesity

43
Q

What is an aneurism?

A

localised dilation of the affected artery over 50% normal diameter

44
Q

What are some causes of aneurism?

A

atherosclerotic
congenital
post-stenotic
traumatic
inflammatory
mycotic

45
Q

What is an embolism?

A

the blockage of a blood vessel by solid, liquid, or gas at a site distant from its origin

46
Q

Describe the triple helix structure of collagen

A

3 polypeptide chains
each chain is a polipropine helix
each chain folds into triple helix
each chain has a repeating glycine-X-Y residue

47
Q

Describe collagen maturation

A

formation of collagen alpha chain in the ER
3 come together, spontaneously form triple helix
moved to golgi
pumped out into the extracellular space
proteins interact to form fibrils - aggregates
larger than the cells that secreted them

48
Q

What are the most common results of sport injuries?

A

fractures and dislocations
major muscle - ligament - tendon injuries
head and spinal injuries
chest and abdominal injuries

Z 2021 Phase 2 Limbs and Back Others (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions