limbiks_REVISION-GUIDE-Repaired Flashcards
What was the 1951 election the start of?
13 years of Conservative rule
What did 1952 see the end of?
Labour and Atlee in government
When did all exports increase?
1952-1962
What does Britain fall behind in per person?
productivity
What is the name of the National Economic Development Council?
NEDC
When did the Night of the Long Knives reshuffle take place?
1962
Who replaced Lloyd as Chancellor?
Maudling
Who replaced Maudling as Chancellor?
Lloyd
Maudling 2 things Maudling do to attempt to avoid rising unemployment?
Tax concessions and a policy of expansion without inflation
Who took the lead in forming the European Free Trade Area?
Britain
What was the name of the EFTA?
European Free Trade Area
When did Macmillan submit Britain’s volte-face?
1961
When did Macmillan have serious illness which made him step down?
1963
Who were the two most obvious candidates in 1963 to succeed Macmillan?
Butler and Hailsham
What existed between the 2 candidates most likely to succeed Macmillan in 1963?
Strong opposition
What type of candidate was DOUGLAS-HOME?
Compromise candidate
What did the new Labour leader Wilson promise to take Britain into?
White heat of technology
What did the process of electing Douglas-Home make the Conservatives look like ?
Like they were trapped in a bygone era
What happened to housing that increased living standards?
Housing boom
Decrease of what helped to raise living standards?
Unemployment
By how many seats did Labour win the 1964 General election?
4
What was the result of Labour squeezing to victory by 4 seats?
Close run contest
What were the 3 persistent problems for the Conservatives?
Slow growth of GNP
High defence costs
Limited R&D
What speech did Macmillan give that demonstrated his acceptance of decolonisation?
“Winds of Change” Speech
When was decolonisation?
1957-68
How was the growing impatience with the establishment and desire for generational change demonstrated?
Private Eye and That Was The Week That Was
What was the effective Labour election slogan used in 1964?
‘Thirteen years of Tory misrule’
How much of the vote did the Liberals win in 1964?
11.20%
What may have the Liberals done in the close 1964 election race?
Tipped the balance away from the Conservatives
What were the 6 reasons the Conservatives dominated British politics from 1951-1964?
Age of Affluence
Labour divisions
Post-war consensus politics and continuation of popular policies
Supermac
The ability of Conservatives to survive splits and leadership struggles
Good election time and campaigning
What had Britain been moulded by in the 1950’s?
WW2
What 2 kinds of loyalties were still strong?
Regional and class
What was used to reinforce class and geographical attitudes?
Films
When was British society NOT in 1951?
Static or frozen in time
When was the Festival of Britain?
What did it show people?
1951
That they were on the verge of a new, modern world
What misreports about immigrants often stirred public anxieties?
Unfair and inaccurate reports of criminal behaviour by immigrants
What was 1950’s society?
Law abiding
When did criminal offences double?
1955-1965
When was the Kray twins peak in criminal behaviour?
1964
What did the staples of the new aggressive youth culture?
Disrespect towards authority and fight culture
What is the result of a new, aggressive youth culture?
Mods and Rockers
What was football hooliganism?
Unruly, violent, and destructive behaviour by overzealous supporters of football clubs, including brawling, vandalism and intimidation.
Who reacts to MORAL PANIC reactions?
public
What 3 groups or people triee to portray youth culture as knife-wielding hooligans undermining the foundations of society?
Politicians, churchmen and media
What did the 11+ test determine if a child’s education would be in?
Whether a child’s education would be in a grammar school, a secondary modern or a technical school
What did grammar schools, technical schools and secondary moderns do?
a ‘tripartite system’
What was the aim of the ‘tripartite system’?
To give equal status to, grammar schools, technical schools and secondary moderns
What did the Butler Act 1944 do?
Raised the school-leaving age to 15 and provided universal free schooling in three different types of schools; grammar, secondary modern and technical.
What did many Middle-Class people see the 11+ test as?
Unfair and ineffi cient
What was 1951 society?
How was this demonstrated?
Conformist and deferential
Ingrained respect for authority, obvious class distinctions, dress speech and class loyalties still strong within parties
In what 4 things created a less deferential society?
Why?
Suez crisis 1956- Had exposed blatant lying and manipulation by the government.
The rise of CND encouraged the tendency to challenge authority
The gradual breakdown of old social restrictions and loss of deference
New trends in culture and the media open the way for a more individualist and less conformist society
What 2 things did people want Atlee to abolish because he was against the class system?
House of Lords and private schools
Who was discontent with the Establishment despite being from the same background and education?
The Middle Class
What did the Satire boom of 1960’s show?
A dramatic decrease in defernce to authority
What kind of deference did PROFUMO AFFAIR have?
dramatic
What symbolises shifting attitude towards class and privilege?
Profumo Affair
What does Profumo Affair symbolise shifting attitude towards?
class and privilege
What did the barometer suggest Britain was becoming less deferential?
less class-ridden
In what years did the media and culture change?
1951-64
In what decade did deference prevail?
1950’s
What is the name of the film The Archers?
The Cruel Sea
Where is Merseyside shown?
Z Cars
What do you want to break down?
censorship and social taboos
Under what law is Lady Chatterley’s Lover court case?
Obscenity Act
What court case under Obscenity Act is a drive to break down censorship and social taboos?
Lady Chatterley’s Lover
What kind of satire does the rise of satire combine?
scandalizing
Who led the Middle class backlash against new ‘immorality and depravity’?
prig Mary Whitehouse
What type of system did majority opinion in Britain remain in the same old groove?
class system
When were SOCIAL PRESSURES?
1951-64
What are increases in population, immigration, differences between towns and countryside, social mobility, drain of population from key areas?
Demographic changes
What type of infrastructure is pressured on?
Britain’s infrastructure
What is criminality?
increase in crime and changes in attitude towards criminals
What types of violence are Mods and Rockers, Brighton and Margate?
riots and radicalisation of youth
What kind of tensions are in the education system?
Class tensions
What type of boom is 8?
satire boom
Changes in culture and the media drive to break down what?
censorship and social taboos
How many spheres of influence sum up British foreign policy?
three
What did historians disagree about?
how and why Britain’s empire declined and ended
What did war and changing world economy play a key role in?
decline of the British Empire
What is the world’s wealthiest country?
one of richest
Who did everyone owe money?
Britain
How long did Britain’s wealth last?
4 years
Where did Britain’s debts go?
USA
What was needed from the USA?
huge loans and grants
Who played a crucial role in Britain’s survival and victory in both world wars?
Empire
What was more important than holding on to distant lands?
rebuilding their own country
What country’s economy was changing?
Britain
Trade with which countries became more important than trade with the empire?
Europe and America
Which country did not lose all links with former colonies?
Britain
All former members of empire invited to become members of what?
Commonwealth
What country left Commonwealth later?
South Africa
What did the Commonwealth aim to promote between the nations of the former empire?
friendship and harmony
What are some benefits of special agreements in terms of trade and security?
sporting and cultural links
What were other benefits of special agreements?
trade and security
What event affected Britain economically, strategically and politically?
WW2
In which countries did the USA, USSR and China take on economic miracles?
Japan and Germany
In what territories did the independence movement progress during WW2?
India and African territories
Strikes, boycotts, individuals and political protests all moved countries towards what?
independence
What country was reliant upon the USA for support by 1945?
Britain
When was Britain reliant upon the USA for support?
1945
When was the Labour government elected?
1945
Why did Attlee move towards African decolonization?
British
What country did Attlee allow independence?
Indian
What country did the British leave some areas because they felt the country was ready to rule itself democratically?
India
Where did Britain no longer have financial or military strength to dominate territory?
Asia
Who wanted to leave some countries?
The British
What was the name of WW1?
WW2
When did Britain inform the US that she was close to bankruptcy?
1947
What countries did Britain have to abandon?
Greece, Turkey and Palestine
Who gave independence in the same year?
India and Pakistan
What was slow to recognise the UK’s demise?
political and public opinion
What did they not see in the future?
implications for the future
What did Britain continue to do?
‘punch above it’s weight
When was the British integration delayed in Europe?
1973
What was the result of the delay in British integration in Europe?
imperial illusions
What showed British people that Britain was no longer a global superpower?
SUEZ
What was Harold Macmillan’s speech in 1960?
WIND OF CHANGE
When did people come to terms with losing overseas colonies?
1960
When did the illusions keep Britain’s defence spending high by holding a nuclear deterrent?
1960
Who’s role in the Cold War was exaggerated?
Britain
What war was Britain’s role in?
the Cold War
When did the myths of British importance have been blown out of the water?
1964
In what year did Britain retreat from Empire?
1951
In what decade did British forces want independence?
1950’s
Which ex-colonial powers fought wars in former colonies?
France and Belgium
When did Britain’s rulers feel they could move from Empire to Commonwealth?
1950’s
What percentage of Western oil imports passed through the canal?
80%
Response to threat of Nassar’s nationalism and independence = what?
military action
Who believed Britain was still an imperial power?
Eden
What did Eden pride himself on?
mastery of foreign policy
What did Nasser think Nasser could not get away with?
unprovoked aggression
Who was described as ‘an evil dictator who could not be allowed to get away with unprovoked aggression?
Saw Nasser
What did Eden feel threatened African stability?
Nasser
What did Eden feel Nasser threatened?
African stability
Who was the leader of Eden’s cabinet?
Macmillan
Who said that the Suez situation is beginning to slip from our hands?
Macmillan
When did Macmillan say that the Suez situation is beginning to slip from our hands?
1956
What has taken so long to get into shape?
military arrangements
What do we need to win?
one means or another
Why was Eden supposed to be an expert in foreign policy?
the Cabinet felt unable to challenge such expertise
What was the name of the group that kept Suez arrangements secret from most of the Cabinet and US?
>
Nassar fears Nassar may turn to whom for help?
USSR
Who realized Britain was not strong enough to stand up to US pressure?
Macmillan
What was Eden’s career?
a painful anti-climax
What did Britain’s position in the world now have to go through a fundamental reassessment?
illusions of imperial grandeur
What did Britain’s position in the world undergo?
a fundamental reassessment
What did Britain do to change relations between US and Britain?
diplomacy
How many superpowers existed in Britain?
two
When did the WINDS OF CHANGE occur?
1960
What was the central aim of British imperial policy?
nationalist revolts
When did Ghana become Britain’s first African colony?
1957
What was the name of 1960’s speech?
Wind of Change Speech
When was Wind of Change Speech?
1960
What does SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN?
POLICY
What do independence movements move to?
DECOLONISATION
What type of movements do you move to DECOLONISATION?
independence
Where was Macmillan speaking to?
Cape Town
What did he think was needed?
change
What did the intelligent people think would never happen?
the intelligent ones would become frustrated and rebel leading to violence, repression and hatred
What do nationalist groups overthrow you?
grant independence
What rebellion did Britain have a difficult time containing?
Mau Mau rebellion
Who wanted to speed up the independence process?
Iain Macleod
What was done with a lot less violence than Belgium or Portugal?
British decolonisation
When did the transition from Empire to Commonwealth take place?
1964
What is the EEC’s vision of a Coal and Steel Community?
closer ties to prevent future conflict
When was the Schuman Plan?
1950
When did the decision not to enter the open door reflect a national consensus?
1951-1957
What party is suspicious of free-market principles behind the Common Market?
Labour Party
What is the main theme of the Labour Party?
Common Market
What countries did Conservatives want trade links with?
Australia, Canada and New Zealand
What did many people not get out of their heads?
war
What country was top of the tree?
Britain
Who was the leader of Britain?
ex-wartime leaders
What does British foreign policy mean?
encourage European integration from sidelines
What kind of idea did Britain dislike?
integration
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
Jan-57
What treaty solidified the agreements made at Messina?
Treaty of Rome
Who was the EEC born without?
Britain not worried
What was not strong enough to stand to America as it was plunged into a serious financial crisis?
Suez Crisis
Who knew that Britain was economically declining and so concerned about GB joining the EEC Factor 3: Rise of nationalist intentions led to foreign policy failure
De Gaulle
When was Mau Mau Rebellion?
1952
In what year did Britain fail to control the nationalist forces?
Suez Crisis 1956
What was Britain believed to be?
imperial power
What did Britain believe was a ‘vil dictator who could not be allowed to get away with?
unprovoked aggression
Who did Thorneycroft believe did not have faith in diplomacy?
Cabinet
Who wanted to modernise key industries?
Attlee
When did Britain slide down the league tables of the world economy?
1951-2007
What is one of the leading economic powers in the world?
Optimism
What was shipping?
Chemicals
What type of goods did people buy?
consumer goods
What type of industry dominates most towns and cities?
heavy industry
What type of female employment is restricted to in most towns and cities?
single women
In what years was national unity boosted?
war years
Where did middle class living in the suburbs vote?
Conservative areas of heavy industry
Where did working classes in the suburbs vote?
Labour
What increased social mobility by some extent?
impact of war
What did DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS create?
modernise the economy
What did the treasury do with - Brown?
impulsive
Who did DEA overlap with the Treasury?
Chancellor
What plan was created in unison with trade unions and industry?
national Plan
Who created the National Plan?
trade unions and industry
Who wants to keep everyone happy rather than pick the best team for the job?
Wilson
What did prices and incomes policy aim to do?
keep down inflation
What does the government call for in negotiations between unions and employers?
wage restraint
When did the Wilson government set up the Prices and Incomes Board?
1966
What was the name of the board created by the Wilson government in 1966?
Prices and Incomes Board
When did Wilson feel confident at the polls?
1970
What was the name of the inauguration of the Open University in 1969?
inauguration of the Open University 1969
In what year did ‘WHITE HEAT OF TECHNOLOGY’ take place?
1966
How many seats did the 1966 GENERAL ELECTION win?
98
What percentage of votes did the 1966 GENERAL ELECTION win?
%
How many deficits did LABOUR BALANCE OF PAYMENTS have?
400 million
When did the measure fail to take initiative and devalue?
1964
When was devaluation seen as failure?
1967
What does the government respond to with restrictive Commonwealth Immigration Act 1968?
racial violence
What did De Gaulle OVERSEAS lead to?
veto
What was the result of LABOUR’S DEFEAT?
1970 Shock result
What years did Jenkins seem to have overcome the difficulties of the Wilson government?
1967-69
Who was Wilson a master campaigner?
Heath
Who is a master campaigner?
Wilson
In what year did Heath have greater strengths than expected?
1970
Why did Heath refuse to have Powell in the campaign?
popularity
Who came to power expecting a strong government committed to modernising Britain?
Heath
What was the cause of the defeat of WELL AS WON?
Conservative strength or Labour weakness
Who had greater strengths than accounted for and was not Establishment (new face of Tories?)?
Heath
What party record was 1951-1963 a positive party record?
Conservative
In what years was the Conservative record refusal to include immigration in the campaign?
1951-1963
What is the opposite of Labour?
Knee jerk reaction
Knee jerk reaction away from what?
Labour
Where do voters return to?
Tories
What was the cause of Labour’s failure to deliver on promises of 1964?
Labour blown off course Wilson magic worn off
When did the referendum CONSENSUS take place?
1971
How many votes did Britain Decimalisation of the back Heath have?
3
Who was a formidable politician?
Heath
Where was the PM close to securing a political solution?
Northern Ireland
When did the post-war boom end?
1973
When did the transition from Attlee/Macmillan post war consensus politics to Thatcher and Blair begin?
1970-1975
Who were the two leaders of Attlee/Macmillan post-war consensus politics?
Thatcher and Blair
How long has Heath been a leader of the opposition?
5 years
Who was the leader of the opposition for 5 years?
Heath
What year did Heath vote and fall?
1974
When was the general election of 1973?
October
In what year did Sunningdale policies ‘Bloody Sunday’ happen?
1972
How many days is the day of the EEC Miner’s Strike?
3
Who seemed to overshadow him in political skills?
Wilson
Rowe argues Heath was what?
‘good at policies, not at politics’
Which politician is not known for their loyalty to Heath Supporters?
Whitelaw
Who are Cabinet able politicians known for their loyalty to?
Heath Supporters
Who is Joseph and Thatcher?
Prior
When was Heath’s chief negotiator?
1961-3
Who would not be able to help them?
government
How many Heaths aims are there?
1
What is the EEC entry for Heaths?
2
What does the Heaths aims to solve in Ireland?
‘troubles’
What program was never meant to be a rejection of consensus politics?
Selsdon Park
What was Selsdon Park’s policy that had never meant to be a rejection of consensus politics?
One Nation Conservatism and Consensus politics
What was the task priority 1: Europe Terms of entry into Europe?
getting parliamentary approval
What was the task of getting parliamentary approval?
Priority 1: Europe Terms of entry into Europe
What did Jenkins vs. Labour leave hostile vs. party leadership preoccupied with?
unifying party
How many rebel Labour MPs helped the Conservative government win decisive Commons vote?
69
What was the name of the group that challenged the ‘one man one vote’ system?
Stormont Ascendancy
What does Derry attempt to control?
policy of internment
What was started as a protest movement?
a day of violence
When did the Catholic community reject an inquiry?
1972
Who reinvestigated the Catholic community in 1998?
Blair
What was the single greatest source of recruitment for the Provisional IRA?
Provoked counter reaction
What IRA was the single greatest source of recruitment for?
Provisional IRA
Who suspended the Stormont Parliament?
Heath
What parliament did Heath suspend?
Stormont Parliament
What did the IRA want to do to tensions?
a peaceful solution
What was the result of the decline in productivity?
Britain had not modernised - out of date
Who led to Macmillan’s demise?
Heath
What did - genuine commitment to?
economic modernisation
What was the name of Wilson’s first choice for McLeod?
Jenkins
When did McLeod die?
1970
What did Barber introduce?
tax cuts
What kind of milk did Barber introduce tax cuts and cuts in public spending?
free school milk
Who threw herself to the forefront in this disagreement?
Thatcher
What did the ‘Barber boom’ begin with?
wage inflation
What did many blame the trade unions and their willingness to hold the government to ransom?
strike action
What did many blame for a steep rise in wages?
the power of the trade unions
Problem Five Inflation was not accompanied by what?
economic growth
What happened during times of inflation?
unusual
What is the result of stagnant economic growth?
unemployment
What is a combination of stagnant economic growth and stagnant economic growth?
inflation
Who’s famous ‘U-turn’ led to the government’s ‘U-turn’?
Heath
When was Rolls Royce nationalized?
1971
What do Shipbuilders Problem Six Industrial Relations Act 1971 create?
Industrial Relations Court
Who set up the Industrial Relations Court?
Shipbuilders
Who opposed the strike ballots?
Trade Unions Congress
How many strikes did Problem Seven 1971 Unemployment hit?
25
In what year did Problem Eight rise above 1 million?
1930
What happened to the movement of coal around the country?
Virtually stopped movement of coal around the country
Who negotiated a generous wage settlement?
Gormley
What is the end result of a lack of choice?
consensus
Didn’t want trade union trauma?
high unemployment
When was the OPEC Oil Crisis?
1973
What was the name of the 1973 OPEC A Saudi Arabia cartel to protect the interests of oil exporting countries from the power of advanced industrial economies
OPEC Oil Crisis
Who declared an oil embargo exports suddenly stopped price rocketed to 4 times the usual price long queues outside petrol stations NUM?
OPEC
How many seats did Liberals need support of other parties to stay as PM?
23
How many seats did Liberals back from political dead?
14
What is the attempt to abandon an incomes policy?
YES
What was the result of the ‘lack of control’ by 1974?
Heath’s election loss
What is the problem with trade unions?
the miners’ strike
What country’s entry into Europe is reformed by the local government?
Britain
When was Labor back in government?
Mar-74
How many seats did Labour have in 1964?
5
What does British foreign policy continue to revolve around?
consequences
Who was unlikely to be able to deal with Britain’s economic troubles?
Conservatives
Who were the 3 Conservative PM’s?
Churchill, Eden, and Macmillan
What vote was the biggest achieved by Labour?
Conservative
What did Labour implement using the recommendations of the Beveridge Report?
National Insurance, National Assistance, Industrial Injuries, and a National Health Service
What report did Labour implement a system of National Insurance, National Assistance, Industrial Injuries and a National Health Service?
Beveridge Report
When was road transport and electricity owned by the Government?
1947
What did Britain accept is possession and retention of colonies involved?
unbearable
What did Britain accept as a result of unbearable burdens?
possession and retention of colonies
What two states were India divided into in 1947?
India and Pakistan
When was India to be divided into two distinct states?
1947
When did NATO - GB play a key role in the formation of NATO?
1949
How many Western European countries are part of a defensive alliance?
10
Who started the programme which turned Britain into a nuclear power?
NUCEAR POWER
When was the British atom bomb detonated?
1952
What bomb was detonated in 1957?
Hydrogen bomb
How many new homes were built by HOUSING?
a million
What did Attlee’s government have to introduce?
prescription costs and nuclear weapons
What were the economic problems that were associated with wartime debts, balance of payments crisis, declining exports, dollar gap, defence expenditure and heavy demands
wartime debts, balance of payments crisis, declining exports, dollar gap, defence expenditure and heavy demands on fuel and power supplies
What did Labour’s response to the problems of rationing and high taxation have?
rationed essential items
What are Trade Union resentment about Labour’s policies?
Industrial concerns
Industrial concerns - Trade Union resentment at what party’s policies?
Labour
Angry at who’s slowness to respond to workers demands?
Labour
In what ways did Britain influence society between 1964 and 1975?
environmental issues
In what years did environmental issues influence society in Britain?
1964 and 1975
What year did South Africa leave Commonwealth?
1961
What did South Africa move faster towards?
apartheid
What are the causes of tension in Southern Rhodesia?
Intrinsic problems
Where did Britain and Rhodesia move closer to?
apartheid
When did S.A. leave Britain and Rhodesia?
1961
When was Zambia and Malawi independent?
1964
What is the Unitedilateral Declaration of Independence?
UDI
Who had other priorities?
Wilson
At what conference would the issue be resolved in weeks?
Lancaster House Conference
How long would it take for the Lancaster House Conference to be resolved?
14 years
When did the media support Biafra and Colonel Ojukwu South African relations?
1970
What did BRITAIN ATTEMPT do to RESOLVE THE SITUATION?
HOW DID BRITAIN ATTEMPT to RESOLVE THE SITUATION?
When did Wilson meet Smith HMS Diplomacy?
Tiger 1966
What does oil sanctions have?
no effect
What country has no oil sanctions?
Mozambique
When did HMS Fearless speak again?
1968
Who did Smith feel he could rely on in 1968?
Conservatives
What did Britain feel bound to support the Nigerian government?
territorial integrity
Who opposed Heath?
Conservative
What was the name of the big change from Suez in 1956?
Defeat for Biafra Wilson
What did Heath see divides in party Britain continue to look?
weak
What type of SA does Hain SA move towards?
sporting isolation
What year did SA adopt a less confrontational approach to its black neighbours?
1974
Where did SA have a less confrontational approach to its black neighbours in 1974?
Rhodesia
What are some of the interests of the Monday Club?
big business and trade interests
What club has big business and trade interests in SA?
Monday Club
When was Douglas-Home sent to Rhodesia?
1971
What kind of talks did Douglas-Home send to Rhodesia in 1971?
unofficial
When did Smith accept the Kissinger Plan?
1976
Who approved the Kissinger Plan?
US
What country did African tensions have on?
Britain
Who did Rowe argue endured the biggest failure?
Smith
When did the Rhodesia issue stagnate?
1960
When did Zimbabwe-Rhodesia hold multi-racial elections?
1979
When did Mugabe negotiate a settlement?
1966
Who negotiated a settlement in 1966?
Mugabe
Who was the Minister of Defence?
Denis Healey
When did the Polaris missiles begin to deploy?
1967
What type of missile would continue to deploy?
Polaris missiles
When was the F111 abandoned due to cost?
1971
What country has oil ties?
Gulf
Which British bases would be the furthest reach?
Europe and the Med
When did Heath come to power?
1970
What did the countries that had become independent accept?
over - end of illusions
What does the Commonwealth depend on?
EEC and US Couldn’t control countries
What was the name of Commonwealth’s empire?
straddled the word
What was the problem with decolonization and creation of an attempt to control these countries?
despotisms and democracies
Who was the potential hot spot for trouble ‘The last pretence of being a world power was being stripped away’?
K. Morgan
In what decade did Britain pull out of the Gulf?
1970’s
Who wanted a ‘coalition of the willing’?
LBJ
When did anti-war demonstrations outside the American Embassy take place?
1968
When did Britain and Europe refuse to allow NATO bases to be used to airlift supplies to Israel?
1951-1964
What do you provide?
summary of key events and developments
In what war was S Deeply embroiled in?
Cold War
What was the name of Britain’s involvement in the Korean War?
E UN C
Where did Wilson say he would not give into De Gaulle’s assurances for Britain to detach themselves from the US?
Europe
What was Malaya, Kenya, Cyprus, Mau Mau R Suez Crisis 1956?
India I Nationalist movements uprising
What did the British decolonize by granting Andrew Marr public still?
independence
What was key to E military action?
drastic diplomacy
When did the US and US have gone a long way?
1964
What was CALLAGHAN?
PM
What financial institution did Healey receive for emergency loan?
IMF
What did the country have to cut?
public spending
When did Healey receive a rough reception?
1976
What was a fierce feud between left and centre right seen as?
a humiliation
What did left think the feud between TU’s and centre right were?
Conservative policies
What country was in economic decline?
the UK
What country did Tories believe capitalism was giving to?
Britain
Why was capitalism given in?
Labour
What did Callaghan see a growth of?
left wing union militancy
How many seats did the LIB LAB PACT have?
3
How many Liberal MPs voted for the government in parliament?
12
What type of action does all spheres of the work force include lorry and train drivers, refuse workers, and grave diggers?
industrial action
What are some of the spheres of the work force involved in industrial action?
lorry and train drivers
What is the name of the wave of industrial action by all spheres of the work force?
grave diggers
When did Callaghan call the election?
1979
When was the government forced to resign?
1924
When did a general election happen?
mid 1979
What was not a foregone conclusion for?
Labour
What was the main tactic of the Conservatives to hammer away at unpopularity of government?
Labour
How much did the popular vote for Labour drop?
3%
Who benefited greatly from a drop in support for the Liberals and the SNP?
the Conservatives
What was the result of Thatcher’s majority?
landslide
Who did the result result in a workable majority?
Thatcher
How many seats does Con % share?
27
What percentage of seats does Con % share?
43.90%
In what year did Labour lose the election?
1979
What resulted in a rise in voters supporting nationalist parties such as SNP?
failure to get devolution on the go
What was the result of the increase in wages needed to sort out industrial disputes?
inflation
What was the overall inflation rate in 1973?
20%
When did the oil price rise?
1973
What threatened to make Britain bankrupt?
Decline in value of money and growing debit
What is the nationalisation of?
lame duck industries
What did Healey decide had to be brought under control?
inflation
Healey decided that inflation had to be brought under control and that what had to be curtailed?
public spending
In what year did his budget try to limit wage rises to 3%?
1976
How much did he limit wage rises in 1976?
3%
How much did the exchange value drop in March 1976?
$2
When did the exchange value drop below $2?
Mar-76
Who isn’t working poster?
Labour
What is the name of the united party?
Whitelaw
When was thatCHER in POWER?
1979
Who was more in tune with her right-wing instincts?
DRIES
Who was Willie Whitelaw home secretary?
Lord Carrington
Who was home secretary with Lord Carrington?
Willie Whitelaw
Who was minister for the environment?
Michael Heseltine
In what year did Thatcher not want to have a confrontation with unions?
1984
Who did the government intervene in a dispute between NUM and the National Coal Board?
the miners
When did the government intervene in a dispute between NUM and the National Coal Board?
1980-81
What type of closures were scrapped?
Pit closures
Monetarism is determined to push forward with what?
radical reforms
Who inherited the high levels of taxation?
Labour
What was 15% of the 1980 economy?
inflation
What applied more stringently to eliminate inflation by control of the money supply?
monetarism
What tax increased?
Taxes on petrol, cigarette and alcohol
What did government borrowing go down?
grants to local councils
What percentage of British steel production was cut by?
30%
When did thatcher’s unpopularity continue?
1982
When did the FALKLANDS FACTOR Thatcher become one of the most unpopular PMs ever?
1982
How many opinion polls did the FALKLANDS FACTOR Thatcher have in 1982?
27%
When did thatcher’s attacks on local councils cause a real fear?
1983
How many jobs did thatcher have in 1983?
3 million
Who were the personal ties between?
Thatcher and Reagan
What type of victory did Thatcher try to make out the Falklands were?
WW2
Between what years did the Labour Party come close to political oblivion?
1979 and 1983
Who kept internal divisions in control?
Wilson and Callaghan
What kind of media coverage of the party was?
almost universally hostile
What type of PM did Thatcher prove to be?
stronger
What resulted in another option for the voters?
The rise of the Liberals
What party’s traditional political support began to leak away?
Labour
What did some Labour voters vote?
Liberal
What did some Labour voters become?
Thatcher Conservatives
When did Labour become apathetic?
1983
When did key personalities break away to find a new SDP PARTY?
1981
What percentage of the vote fell to in 1979?
27%
What percentage of the vote was down on 1979?
10%
Who lost massive numbers of seats after the first past the post system?
Labour
Who founded the Social Democratic Party in 1981?
gang
Who was the leader of the Labour Party?
extremists
What was the name of the Declaration based on?
Limehouse Declaration
What was Jenkins’ idea of a new centre party that would break away from mainstream?
BBC Dimbleby lecture
What party angered the left in the 1950 Korean War?
Labour Party
When did the Korean War begin?
1950
What country was becoming too pro-American?
Britain
Who did right fought back saying would not be sustained without?
US $’s Britain and Europe
What was the name of the Rebellion in 1951?
Bevanite Rebellion
What was the name of the minister who resigned from Attlee’s government?
‘death knell’
What stimulated the Conservatives into action?
Labour divisions
Who reorganized the party?
Lord Woolton
What issue did iron and steel give them a cause round?
nationalisation issue
What is the reason for Attlee’s losing office in 1951?
Conservative recovery
When did Attlee lose office?
1951
What type of recovery did Attlee lose office in 1951?
Conservative
How many votes did Labour gain between 1945 and 1951?
2 million
How many candidates did the Liberal Party put up?
109
How many candidates did the Liberal Party put up in 1950?
366
What speech did Macmillan give that demonstrated his acceptance of decolonisation?
“Winds of Change” Speech
What was the effective Labour election slogan used in 1964?
