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Neuro Block 4 - KJ > Limbic System I > Flashcards

Limbic System I Flashcards

1
Q

What does the limbic system control?

A

Mood, emotion, feelings, motivation, critical for memory

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2
Q

What is the clinical relevance of limbic system?

A

Over 50% of patients have mood disorders they are treated for

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3
Q

What structures are involved in the limbic system?

A
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampus
  • Septal Nuclei
  • Nucleus accumbens
  • Medial prefrontal cortex and Anterior cingulate cortex
  • Ventral segmental area
  • Anterior and Dorsomedial nuclei of the thalamus
  • Mammillary nuclei
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4
Q

In limbic system, what do all circuits involve?

A

Hypothalamus!!

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5
Q

All limbic areas receive rich innervation by which monoaminergic and cholinergic axons?

A

NE & 5HT

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6
Q

Where is NE made?

A

Locus ceruleus (pons)

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7
Q

Where is Serotonin (5HT) made?

A

Raphe nuclei (Ra - midbrain)

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8
Q

What are norepinephrine and serotonin important for in the limbic system?

A

Arousal & Sleep-wake cycles

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9
Q

Where are the dopamine producing neurons in the limbic system?

A

Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

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10
Q

Where do the dopaminergic neurons in the VTA travel to?

A
  1. Nucleus Accumbens
  2. Medial prefrontal cortex
  3. Amygdala
  4. Septal nuclei
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11
Q

What is dopamine involved in?

A

Major role in motivation

-Associated with Mesolimbic system - Midbrain area

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12
Q

What area is implicated in drug addiction?

A

Dopamine area (VTA - ventral tegmental area)

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13
Q

Where do cocaine and amphetamine work?

A

Dopamine neurons

-Block DA reuptake (Inc. DA in synapse)

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14
Q

What happens if you lesion the VTA or Nucleus Accubins?

A

Dec. in drug seeking behavior.

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15
Q

What types of drugs decrease drug seeking behavior?

A

DA receptor blockers!

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16
Q

What are some natural rewards and what system do they travel through?

A

Sex & Food

Mesolimbic system

17
Q

Where is acetylcholine (ACh) found most often in the limbic system?

A

Nucleus basalis and Septal Nucleus

-These are damaged/lost in Alzheimer’s disease

18
Q

What plays a role in fear conditioning (hearing bell before you’re hurt)?

A

Amygdala

-Animal studies done looking at increase in heart rate and freezing

19
Q

What do lesions in the amygdala cause?

A

-Prevent fear conditioning! (getting response form tune, not entire stimulus)

20
Q

How might fear conditioning relate to clinical aspects of human medicine?

A

PTSD & fear conditioning/increased amygdala activity

21
Q

Who was Phineas Gage?

A

Railroad foreman injured on site by explosion = sent rod through his brain (he had most normal function, but his personality changed a lot)

22
Q

What are symptoms of prefrontal lobe damage (Phineas Gage)?

A
  • Impairment of goal directed behavior
  • Lack of emotion in decision-making (lack of risk aversion)
  • Poor social judgement (antisocial behavior)-> no more church
  • Poor emotional control (increased impulsivity) -> very responsive to criticism
23
Q

What parts of the brain were injured in Phineas Gage?

A
  1. Dorsolateral PRC (DLPFC)
    - -> involved in working memory
    - -> Executive functions
  2. Orbital frontal cortex (OFC)
    - -> Amygdala projection
24
Q

How does the prefrontal cortex influence the amygdala?

A

It inhibits it!

25
Q

How does the amygdala influence the hypothalamus?

A

It stimulates it!

26
Q

What happened to patient H.M.?

A

Fell off bike when young & had many seizures. In order to fix seizures, he had a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy. This fixed his seizures but then he could only remember things before his surgery.

27
Q

What type of amnesia did H.M. have?

A
  • Anterograde amnesia (no new memories)

- Temporally graded retrograde amnesia (lost old memories post-surgery - remembered everything before surgery)

28
Q

What area does a bilateral medial temporal loectomy damage/what was damaged in H.M.?

A

Hippocampus!

29
Q

What type of memory did HM lose in his hippocampal lesion?

A

Explicit/Declarative

  • Semantic - facts
  • Episodic - experiences
30
Q

What type of memory did HM still have?

A

Implicit Memory
-Procedural
-Nondeclarative
[Motor skills - not lost in HM]

Neuro Block 4 - KJ (12 decks)

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