Limb Deformities Flashcards

1
Q

What is valgus?

A

lateral postural deformity

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2
Q

What is varus?

A

medial postural deformity

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3
Q

What are the possible causes of angular limb deformities?

A
  • periarticular laxity
  • incomplete ossification of carpal bones
  • hypothyroidism
  • overloading
  • physeal trauma or infection
  • twins
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4
Q

What regions commonly have angular limb deformities?

A
  • carpus
  • ## tarsusmetacarpo/metatarsophalangeal
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5
Q

What are the conservative treatments for angular limb deformities?

A
  • stall rest
  • hoof trimming
  • external support (splint, cast, Dalmar shoes)
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6
Q

What are the surgical treatments for angular limb deformities?

A
  • hemicircumferential periosteal transection and elevation
  • growth retardation
  • corrective osteotomy/ectomy
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7
Q

Describe hemicircumferential periosteal transection and elevation

A
  • growth acceleration

- cut periosteum along bone, allowing bone to lengthen

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8
Q

Describe growth retardation

A
  • temporary transphyseal bridging
  • place screws proximal and distal to growth plate, and wrap cerclage wire in figure 8 pattern
  • remove once corrected
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9
Q

What is a flexural deformity?

A
  • hyperflexion of a limb

- results from disparity in length of the musculotendinous structures relative to bone length

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of digital hyperextension?

A
  • toe elevated from the ground

- sinking fetlock

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of “club-foot”?

A
  • “boxy” appearance
  • growth at heels
  • break in hood pastern angle
  • weight bearing on toe
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12
Q

What is club foot?

A

flexural deformity at distal interphalangeal joint

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13
Q

What are the treatment options for club foot?

A
  • controlled exercise, nutrition, trim heel, toe extension

- inferior check ligament desmotomy

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14
Q

Which joints are more commonly affected by acquired flexor tendon laxity?

A
  • metacarpophalangeal (fetlock)

- distal interphalangeal (coffin)

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15
Q

What is the treatment for acquired flexor tendon laxity?

A

superior check ligament desmotomy

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16
Q

What is a “sand crack”?

A
  • damage to the periople (vertical fissure)
17
Q

Where does a “sand crack” most commonly occur?

A

lateral front claw

18
Q

What is a corn?

A

fibrous mass between digits