Likely Questions Flashcards
LIKELY SAMPLE…🎠
OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGY
|G-MDC🪔
A 45 year old woman complains of Post -coital bleeding. General and abdominal examination appear normal but speculum examination reveals a growth on the cervix.
A. List two (2) differential diagnosis you will entertain?
B. How can you differentiate between the two diagnosis mentioned in QA. Clinically?
C. How do you arrive at the definitive diagnosis?
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SCHEME 🍂
A.
Cervical cancer and cervical polyp.
B.
Cervical cancer on speculum examination shows ulcerative, friable and fungating lesions BUT Cervical polyp reveals smooth, red or purple finger-like projection from the cervical canal.
C.
Cervical Biopsy
NB : polyp reveals mildly atypical cells but cervical cancer shows squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma or both.
NB: pap smear etc are screening tools.
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LIKELY CAPSULE 📑
Pediatrics
A six year old child presented to your facility complaining of recurrent pain in the long bones. Examination revealed yellowish discoloration on the sclera.
A. What is your most likely diagnosis?
B. Mention 2 investigations you will carry out?
C. How will you manage this condition?
D. Mention 4 acute complications of the condition?
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SCHEME📑
A.
Vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease.
B.
sickling status, hemoglobin electrophoresis.
C.
Counsel caregiver and detain child, primary assessment,secure intravenous access and conduct investigations as ordered above, grade pain and us appropriate analgesic, Adequate hydration with crystalloids, monitor pain, identify and treat any infection, monitor vitals and refer.
NB: In children >3yrs,you can use visual analogue scale to grade pain
D.
Priapism(in males), Acute chest syndrome, stroke, Acute kidney injury etc
NB: We have crises and acute complications!!
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LIKELY CAPSULE 🍇
Pediatrics ~
A mother brought her 11 years old child to your consulting room. The child has swallowed paracetamol for the quantity is unknown. All vital signs are normal.
A. What initial treatment will you give?
B. List 2 complications the child may develop?
C. What advise will you give before discharging?
SCHEME 📿
A.
Oral activated charcoal powder.
B.
Acute hepatitis, hypoglycemia.
C.
Proper storage of medications at home, out of childrens’ reach, educate mother on signs of toxicity and when to report to the hospital.
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NOVEMBER 2022
LIKELY CAPSULE
PH
Write a short note on the following
A. Global warming?
B. Greenhouse effect?
C. Acid rain?
D. Ozone layer depletion?
INTERNAL MEDICINE
NOVEMBER 2022
A.Briefly describe the pathophysiology of lactose intolerance?
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SCHEME 🪔
A.
Global warming is the gradual increase in the Earth’s temperature generally due to greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide,CFCs, etc due to natural or human activities which have negative effects on humans, plants and animals.
B.
Greenhouse effect refers to the process by which the radiations from the sun are absorbed by the greenhouse gases and not reflected back into space. This insulate the surface of the earth and prevent it from freezing .
C.
Acid rain refers to the precipitation of acid like oxides of nitrogen and sulphur which reacts with rain water. This acidic water are air emissions from vehicles and manufacturing processes.
D.
Ozone layer depletion is the gradual thinning of the Earth’s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere due to the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous bromine or chloride from industries and human activities.
SCHEME
Lactose intolerance is a metabolism disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme lactase which is responsible for breaking lactose in the small intestine. Deficient in the enzyme lactase cause milk sugar to remain undigested in the intestines. Bacteria in the intestine react with it and ferment it producing symptoms of bloating and dyspepsia.
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- |LIKELY CAPSULE , RETRIAL 📿*THE MAJOR DOWNFALL QUESTION OF THEN CANDIDATES
- ||November~2021*
PUBLIC HEALTH 🍀
As newly posted officer in your district and in charge of EPI services and cold chain management, your DDHs has asked you to request for BCG vaccines for the month of September from RMS with a projected population 4000 and expected coverage of 98% and wastage rate of 50%.
A. What is the annual target population for BCG?
B. Calculate September target for BCG vaccination
C. How many vials of BCG would be needed for only September?
D. List 5 most needed other logistics for BCG vaccination?
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SCHEME 📿
A.
KEYS: 4%(CONSTANT) of the population is usually taken to estimate the coverage required for all live births and surviving infants.
The formulae for calculating annual target population=pt×dn×ec×wf(pt=total population,dn=number of doses,ec=Estimated coverage,wf=wastage factor).
The target population for immunization 4% x4000= 0.04x4000=160 infants for immunization.
Therefore, the annual target population for BCG=pt x dn x ec x wf.
Where wf=100/(100-WR)=100/(100-50)=2 , pt=160, dn=1, ec=98%=0.98
Hence, the annual target population for BCG=160 x 1 x 0.98 x 2=313.6
=314 target population.
B. September target for BCG vaccination= Total annual doses for BCG/12 months=314/12=26.1666..
Therefore, September target for BCG=27 doses.
NB: for vaccine calculation,we run it up irrespective of the value after the decimal point, aside zero(0).
C. Number of vials needed for September.
If 1vial = 20 doses
X = 27 doses
X =27/20 =1.35 =2 vials
Hence, Number of vials needed for September= 2 vials
D.Gloves
Cotton
Vaccine carrier
Syringe
needle
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LIKELY CAPSULE 🎠
~Pediatrics- APRIL, 2023📿
A 7-year-old boy is brought to your consulting room with complaints of fever and pain on swallowing. You examined him and realized he has tender enlarged lymph nodes on the neck region and his tonsils were hyperemic and enlarged with a whitish exudate.
A. What is the most likely diagnosis?
B. Assuming you take a swab of the exudate for culture, what is the most likely bacterium to be isolated?
C. Mention two fearful complications of this condition caused by the bacterium mentioned in QB above.
D. Mention two important drugs you will give to this child?
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SCHEME 🎠
A.
Tonsillitis.
(Avoid acute, subacute, chronic etc, if you’re not sure of the duration)
B.Group A Beta Hemolytic streptococcus
C.
1. Acute Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
2. Acute Rheumatic heart disease
D. Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, Paracetamol
NB: when asked to mention some drugs, don’t go for broad coverage eg antibiotics with examples etc
BE SPECIFIC.
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LIKELY CAPSULE 🎠
NOVEMBER 2022~ PEDIATRICS
Q2a. List the parameters of the Apgar score?
B. what minimum agar score would you considered to be good?
C. List the parameters of GCS?
D. what is the maximum GCS score?
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SCHEME 🎠
A.
Appearance (maximum score 2, minimum of 0)
Pulse (maximum2, minimum 0)
Grimace ( maximum 2, minimum 0)
Activity (max 2, min 0)
Respiration ( max 2, min 0)
B.
APGAR score of 7/10 is considered to be good
C.
1. Motor response (total score 6, maximum 6, minimum1)
2. Verbal response (total 5, maximum5, minimum1)
3. Eye response (maximum 4, minimum 1)
D.
Maximum score= 15/15
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LIKELY CAPSULE 🍇
MDC SAMPLE…..
Internal medicine
A known Hypertensive patient has defaulted for 6 months was brought to the emergency room with difficulty in breathing, bilateral pedal edema with blood pressure of 170/110mmhg.
A. What is your likely diagnosis?
B. List 5 important investigations you will do?
C. What initial management will you give?
D. List 4 drugs you will use to manage this condition?
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SCHEME 🪔
A.
Congestive cardiac failure 2° Hypertension (Default)
B.
Chest x-ray, Electrocardiogram, Renal function test, full blood count, Lipid profile.
NB: mention the most likely investigations
C.
Detain while arranging for referral,call for help, assign roles, primary survey, position on cardiac bed, give diuretic, appropriate antihypertensives, oxygen therapy if indicated, urethral catheterization, monitor vitals and refer.
NB : Avoid specificity in your management,like Give Oxygen if spo2 is less than…, Give IV hydralazine etc.
D.
Furosemide, spironolactone, Losartan, Bisoprolol.
Note the cornerstone management of heart failure (Decreasing preload, decreasing after- load , improving myocardial contractility)
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- ||LIKELY SAMPLE🍇*PUBLIC HEALTH
A. Define disease surveillance? (April,2021,Repeated April 2023)
B. Mention and define the types of surveillance? (Dropped April 2021)
C. List 4 importance of disease surveillance in public health?
D. List the 2 methods or tools for conducting population and housing census ?
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SCHEME🎠
A.
Surveillance is a scrutiny of all aspect of occurrence and spread of diseases undertaken with the aim of bringing about the effective control.
NOTE 👆🏿👆🏿 STANDARD DEFINITION
B.
1. Active surveillance: Is done by specially employed people in vertical or special programmes.
2. Passive surveillance: is a type that uses already existing facilities and staff (PHC and hospitals) are involved in the process.
c. Sentinel surveillance: is employed to detect The cases missed by the routine notification system.
NB: MAKE YOUR ANSWERS CONCISED
C.
1. Helps in early disease detection in order to bring it Under control
2. Helps to know the geographic pattern of disease outbreak.
3. Helps to Trace contacts and institute appropriate interventions.
4. Helps to identify the risk group of disease outbreak.
D.
De facto and De jure
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LIKELY CAPSULE🌒
PEDIATRICS ~GMDC
A 3 year old child was brought to your consulting room with brownish hair, edema of both feet, dermatosis and looks weak. The mid upper arm circumference of the child is 11cm.
A. What is your most likely diagnosis?
B. How would you manage this child?
C. What others signs will you look out for in this child?
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SCHEME 🪔
A.
Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)
B.
NB: there is standard protocol for SAM( initial stabilization phase, rehabilitation phase, treat other complications).
Detain while initiating referral process, primary survey, achieve intravenous access and do investigations like stool analysis,full blood count, random blood sugar, Start with F75, continue with F100 and RUTF, correct dehydration with ReSoMal, wound care, identify and treat any infection, refer.
C.
Signs of dehydration (sunken eye, dry mucus membrane etc), signs of wasting (prominent and countable ribs etc), Bitot spots
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