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stagecraft and lighting > lights and electricity > Flashcards

lights and electricity Flashcards

1
Q

the physical effects of electrons moving from a negative to a positive charge

A

Electromagnetism

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2
Q

types of electricity

A

static, kinetic (current), field

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3
Q

created when two items are rubbed together, one item loses electrons and another gains those electrons creating charge

A

Static Electricity (ex Lightning)

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4
Q

when electrons move from negative to positive

A

Current

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5
Q

Potential energy VS Kinetic energy

A

the potential for something to act or move turns into the energy given off by movement

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6
Q

what must there be fore a current to happen

A

a uninterrupted circuit

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7
Q

materials that have plentiful “free” electrons

A

Conductor

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8
Q

Name conductors

A

silver, gold, copper, aluminum, seawater, graphite, lemon juice

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9
Q

materials that have few or no “free” electrons

A

insulator

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10
Q

name insulators

A

rubber, glass, oil, air, diamond, dry wood, dry cotton, plastic

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11
Q

west virginia law

A

wattage/voltage=amperage

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12
Q

what 3 things compose a circuit

A

power source, a path, a load

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13
Q

type of circuit required to make electricity flow

A

closed

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14
Q

simple circuit

A

one “on and off” light, ex flashlight

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15
Q

series circuit

A

one switch that controls 3 lights connected together

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16
Q

parallel circuit

A

one switch for each light, connected to one power cord

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17
Q

The flow of electricity changes direction periodically

A

alternating current; allows electricity to be sent much further

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18
Q

flow of electricity maintains its direction

A

direct current; how batteries and many portable electronics work

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19
Q

Edison VS Telsa

A

Edison wanted direct current but tesla had patent for alternating current

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20
Q

high pressure with more coming through

A

voltage

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21
Q

smaller area for current to get through

A

resistance

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22
Q

how fast electricity is moving

A

amperage; can get more by inccreasing voltage or lowering resistance

23
Q

device used to control the average voltage of electricity sent to a fixture

A

dimmer

24
Q

type of power dimmers use

A

three phase power

25
Q

where dimmers are located numerously

A

“rack”

26
Q

how three phase power works

A

three conductors control three separate lines of power, each in different phases
3 AC currents on 3 separate wires
smoother than only 2 lines of power

27
Q

dimming by increasing or decreasing resistance via length

A

Rheostat dimmer

28
Q

used distance in a salt water tub to control voltage

A

Saltwater dimmer, very dangerous

29
Q

What kind of dimmer substitute is used and why?

A

Constant Power Module (CPM) b/c not all lights can take AC power, they require a steady supply (DC)

30
Q

What kind of fixtures require steady power?

A

foggers and hazers, LEDs, moving fixtures, pyro

31
Q

What is DMX512 used for

A

(Digital Multiplex with 512 pieces of info) used to send signal from console to dimmer rack which sends to a power fixture
each separate piece has a specific value that tells the light what to do

32
Q

What 3 things are produced by a lighting designer?

A

Light plot
lighting section
channel hookup and other paperwork

33
Q

3 things you can change about a light

A

Intensity, Color, Direction

34
Q

tungsten filament inside a halogen gas lamp

A

Tungsten Halogen Lamp; standard incandescent lamp

35
Q

plasma arc in place of filament

A

Metal Halide lamp; created by passing current through ionized halide gas

36
Q

created by ETC, uses multiple filaments at 575 watts, rotating shutter barrel, most control

A

Source Four

37
Q

lens that sends light away from center

A

concave lens

38
Q

light that sends light from one focal point

A

plano-convex lens

39
Q

lends that sends all light to one focal point and flips the direction

A

convex

40
Q

a measurement of illuminance of a single candela source

A

foot candle

41
Q

another measurement for light

A

lumen

42
Q

light sits in exact middle of reflector and sends light out through focal point

A

Ellipsoidal reflector spotlight; why shutters operate backwards

43
Q

focusing lamp inside center of the fixture

A

Bench Focus

44
Q

Why is it called an Ellipse? (In ERS)

A

b/c lamp sits at one focal point and shutters/gobo sit at a second

45
Q

Describe three main distinguishers of a PAR

A

this light was originally used as headlights in the jeeps of WW2 -the reflector is a parabola because there is only one focal point
-in order to change the size of the beam, in this fixture you replace the lamp from MFL, XWFL, VNS

46
Q

originally invented for lighthouses, uses a stepped lens

A

Fresnel

47
Q

big light with no way to control it, mostly the lamp

A

Scoop light

48
Q

often used for cyc lighting, footlights or color wash

A

Strip Light; gels can be added to each lamp or colored glass can be used

49
Q

How many circuits does a strip light have?

A

3 - 4

50
Q

this light uses an iris, colored frames, intensity lever, and a high intensity discharge lamp

A

Spotlight

51
Q

What does LED stand for

A

Light emitting diode fixtures

52
Q

Which light is becoming standard fixture

A

LED, used to be Source Four

53
Q

Parts of a Source Four

A 
Lens
Gel Frame
Barrel
Barrel Adjustment Knob
Shutter Assembly
Shutter
Barrel Rotation Knob
Tilt Adjustment Knob
Yoke
End Cap

stagecraft and lighting (3 decks)

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