Lighting Essentials Flashcards
What are the 5 layers of lighting?
- ) Ambient
- ) Daylight
- ) Decorative
- ) Focal
- ) Task
The ____ layer provides the background lighting that helps create the mood of the space.
Ambient
The ____ layer incorporates the natural light from the sun, direct or reflected.
Daylight
The ____ layer is often referred to as the “Jewelry of Architecture.”
Decorative
The ____ layer is typically used to highlight vertical surfaces and three-dimensional surfaces.
Focal
The ____ layer is used to illuminate specific tasks performed in the space.
Task
____ lighting is when the space contains only one style or only similar fixtures to provide all layers needed.
General
Decorative lighting fixtures can also be used for both the ____ and ____ layers.
Ambient and Task
“Visually perceived radiant energy” is a simple definition of ____.
Light
T/F: Visible light is only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
True
The speed of light is about ____ km/s.
300,000 km/s
What wavelength are human eyes most sensitive to?
550 nm
What wavelengths are part of the visible spectrum?
400-700 nm
Light that features all the visible wavelengths in equal amount appears ____ in color.
White
What are the three primary colors?
Red, Green, Blue
____ assesses the the impact, or quality, of different colors under a given light source.
Color-Rendering Index
CRI is an average of the quality of __ different colors.
8
Energy Efficiency of a lamp is called ____, and is measured in ____.
Efficacy, Lumens per Watt
____ is the measure of a lamp’s loss of efficacy over time.
Lumen-Maintenance
____ is the measure of a light output from a source, and the setting does not change the value.
Lumens.
____ is a measure of how much light is hitting a surface, and can be changed depending on how far from surfaces the source is, reflectance, and interference.
Foot-candles
When tungsten redeposits on the filament of a halogen lamp, the process is called ____.
Regeneration
Fluorescent Tubes are filled with ____.
Low-Pressure Mercury Vapor
Fluorescent Tubes have a ____ coating which filters out UV rays.
Triphosphor
What two types of lamps have filaments?
Incandescent and Halogen
LED fixtures run on DC voltage, therefore they require a ____.
Driver/Rectifier
What are the three starting techniques for fluorescent lamps?
- ) Instant Start
- ) Rapid Start
- ) Programmed Rapid Start
Fluorescent lamps are ____% more effective than incandescent.
400%
What are the three secondary colors?
1.) Magenta, Cyan, and Yellow.
Natural light is considered to have a CRI of ___.
100
Standard incandescent lamps have a color temperature of ____K.
2700K
Standard Halogens have a color temperature of ____K
3000K
It is recommended for buildings such as offices/schools to have lights with color temperatures of ____-____K
3500-4100K
T/F: Lamps maintain the same color temperature over their entire service life.
False, they shift over time.
____ is the body’s response to natural light and darkness.
Circadian Rythm
A ____ is a window, door, or skylight which lets natural light into a structure.
Fenestration.
Only __% daylight should be used to light the interior of a building.
5%
Photo ____ is when UV light causes bleaching of fabrics and other materials.
Degradation
Simply, to reduce power consumption of lights, they must be ____ or ____.
Switched off or dimmed
____ integration can be done manually, with a photoelectric device, or with a clock function.
Daylight
____ glass holds out UV light while letting in visible light.
Low-E
____ provide both shading and indirect light for a space and can increase daylight penetration by 100%
Light Shelves
Lamp sizes are measured in increments of 1/_ of an inch. (Except for LED’s)
1/8”
The CRI of an incandescent lamp is ____.
100
The efficacy of standard incandescent lamps is __-__ Lumens/Watt
5/18
Beam Angle = ___%
Field Angle = ___%
Beam - 50%
Field - 10%
____ lamps were derived from projector lamps.
MR11
A ____ starts and regulates power to a fluorescent lamp/
Ballast
Modern fluorescent lamps have markings containing ____ and ____.
Temperature (K) and CRI
T/F: Fluorescent tubes are temperature sensitive.
True
What type of starting method is best for fluorescent lamps that are turned on and off frequently?
Programmed-Rapid start
____ metal-halide lamps have the best CRI for HID lamps.
Ceramic
The most efficient HID lamps are ____ lamps.
Low-pressure sodium.
What 3 things does a luminaire consist of?
- ) A lampholder
- ) Means of Electrification
- ) Means of support
____ are luminaires that are permanently attached to a building.
Lighting Fixtures
____ luminaires emit light downwards.
Direct
____ luminaires emit light in all directions.
Diffuse
Asymmetric luminaires are designed for ____ applications.
Special
Direct luminaires are usually selected to convey a sense of ____ to the space.
Drama
T/F: An example of an indirect light would be uplighting.
True
Wallwashers or accent lights are examples of ____ luminaires.
Asymmetric
Downlight are also known as ____ or ____.
Downlight or can lights
ASHRAE 90.1 mandates that track lighting have a minimum of ___ watts per foot.
30
T/F: The simplest principal of lighting control is controlling how much power ,and when, to luminaires.
True
Energy codes suggest that Nonresidential spaces must be switched but they do not specify ____.
Where the switch must be
ADA requires that a light switch should be located on the latch side of the entry door at ____” AFF.
42”
A ____ turns circuits on and off at specific times.
Time Clock
A ____ turns a circuit on or off after a specific amount of time.
Timer
Dimmers control light levels by controlling ____.
Power to a lamp
In a ____ dimmer, the lights must be dimmed completely before switching occurs.
Single-Action
A ____ Dimmer requires separate actions to dim or switch, and remains at the level selected when switched on.
Preset
Dimmers must be selected in accordance with ____ and ____.
Load and Lamp Type
____ lamps must have a dimming ballast.
Fluorescent.
What 2 technologies do Occupancy Sensors Utilize?
1.) Passive Infrared
2.) Ultrasonic
(OR A MIX OF BOTH)
Lumen Maintenance Systems dim new lamps about __-__% to match when they wear out slightly.
20-30%
Adaptation Compensation is the practice of ____.
Dimming lights at night.
The level of illumination is measured ___” above the floor.
30”
NFPA 101 specifies a ___ lux minimum along the path of emergency egress.
10 lux
____ is when luminaires are new and clean, burning the brightest of their lifespan.
Initial Lighting Level
Lighting is designed for ____ light levels
Maintained
____ is the measure of light intensity in a certain direction.
Candela
What does PAR stand for?
Parabolic Aluminized Reflector
____ is the measure of a material’s ability to let light pass through it.
Transmittance
Layering provides the ____ of lighting a space/building.
Framework
The quantity, quality, and placement of light in a room affect the ____ of persons inside.
Psychology
Color temperature for lamps is represented by the color of a ____ heated to the given temperature in degrees Kelvin.
Black Body Radiator, or Steel
When a building is rotated to allow more/less sunlighting, this is called ____
Sighting
What are the two general ways to install CFL lamps in a luminaire?
- ) Pin Type
2. ) Screw Type
What type of light is a pendant MOST COMMONLY considered?
Decorative
