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4th Year, Week 5 (Lighting Essentials 1 and Motors 3) > Lighting Essentials > Flashcards

Lighting Essentials Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of lighting?

A
  1. ) Ambient
  2. ) Daylight
  3. ) Decorative
  4. ) Focal
  5. ) Task
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2
Q

The ____ layer provides the background lighting that helps create the mood of the space.

A

Ambient

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3
Q

The ____ layer incorporates the natural light from the sun, direct or reflected.

A

Daylight

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4
Q

The ____ layer is often referred to as the “Jewelry of Architecture.”

A

Decorative

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5
Q

The ____ layer is typically used to highlight vertical surfaces and three-dimensional surfaces.

A

Focal

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6
Q

The ____ layer is used to illuminate specific tasks performed in the space.

A

Task

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7
Q

____ lighting is when the space contains only one style or only similar fixtures to provide all layers needed.

A

General

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8
Q

Decorative lighting fixtures can also be used for both the ____ and ____ layers.

A

Ambient and Task

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9
Q

“Visually perceived radiant energy” is a simple definition of ____.

A

Light

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10
Q

T/F: Visible light is only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

A

True

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11
Q

The speed of light is about ____ km/s.

A

300,000 km/s

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12
Q

What wavelength are human eyes most sensitive to?

A

550 nm

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13
Q

What wavelengths are part of the visible spectrum?

A

400-700 nm

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14
Q

Light that features all the visible wavelengths in equal amount appears ____ in color.

A

White

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15
Q

What are the three primary colors?

A

Red, Green, Blue

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16
Q

____ assesses the the impact, or quality, of different colors under a given light source.

A

Color-Rendering Index

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17
Q

CRI is an average of the quality of __ different colors.

A

8

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18
Q

Energy Efficiency of a lamp is called ____, and is measured in ____.

A

Efficacy, Lumens per Watt

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19
Q

____ is the measure of a lamp’s loss of efficacy over time.

A

Lumen-Maintenance

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20
Q

____ is the measure of a light output from a source, and the setting does not change the value.

A

Lumens.

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21
Q

____ is a measure of how much light is hitting a surface, and can be changed depending on how far from surfaces the source is, reflectance, and interference.

A

Foot-candles

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22
Q

When tungsten redeposits on the filament of a halogen lamp, the process is called ____.

A

Regeneration

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23
Q

Fluorescent Tubes are filled with ____.

A

Low-Pressure Mercury Vapor

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24
Q

Fluorescent Tubes have a ____ coating which filters out UV rays.

A

Triphosphor

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25
Q

What two types of lamps have filaments?

A

Incandescent and Halogen

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26
Q

LED fixtures run on DC voltage, therefore they require a ____.

A

Driver/Rectifier

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27
Q

What are the three starting techniques for fluorescent lamps?

A
  1. ) Instant Start
  2. ) Rapid Start
  3. ) Programmed Rapid Start
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28
Q

Fluorescent lamps are ____% more effective than incandescent.

A

400%

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29
Q

What are the three secondary colors?

A

1.) Magenta, Cyan, and Yellow.

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30
Q

Natural light is considered to have a CRI of ___.

A

100

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31
Q

Standard incandescent lamps have a color temperature of ____K.

A

2700K

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32
Q

Standard Halogens have a color temperature of ____K

A

3000K

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33
Q

It is recommended for buildings such as offices/schools to have lights with color temperatures of ____-____K

A

3500-4100K

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34
Q

T/F: Lamps maintain the same color temperature over their entire service life.

A

False, they shift over time.

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35
Q

____ is the body’s response to natural light and darkness.

A

Circadian Rythm

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36
Q

A ____ is a window, door, or skylight which lets natural light into a structure.

A

Fenestration.

37
Q

Only __% daylight should be used to light the interior of a building.

A

5%

38
Q

Photo ____ is when UV light causes bleaching of fabrics and other materials.

A

Degradation

39
Q

Simply, to reduce power consumption of lights, they must be ____ or ____.

A

Switched off or dimmed

40
Q

____ integration can be done manually, with a photoelectric device, or with a clock function.

A

Daylight

41
Q

____ glass holds out UV light while letting in visible light.

A

Low-E

42
Q

____ provide both shading and indirect light for a space and can increase daylight penetration by 100%

A

Light Shelves

43
Q

Lamp sizes are measured in increments of 1/_ of an inch. (Except for LED’s)

A

1/8”

44
Q

The CRI of an incandescent lamp is ____.

A

100

45
Q

The efficacy of standard incandescent lamps is __-__ Lumens/Watt

A

5/18

46
Q

Beam Angle = ___%

Field Angle = ___%

A

Beam - 50%

Field - 10%

47
Q

____ lamps were derived from projector lamps.

A

MR11

48
Q

A ____ starts and regulates power to a fluorescent lamp/

A

Ballast

49
Q

Modern fluorescent lamps have markings containing ____ and ____.

A

Temperature (K) and CRI

50
Q

T/F: Fluorescent tubes are temperature sensitive.

A

True

51
Q

What type of starting method is best for fluorescent lamps that are turned on and off frequently?

A

Programmed-Rapid start

52
Q

____ metal-halide lamps have the best CRI for HID lamps.

A

Ceramic

53
Q

The most efficient HID lamps are ____ lamps.

A

Low-pressure sodium.

54
Q

What 3 things does a luminaire consist of?

A
  1. ) A lampholder
  2. ) Means of Electrification
  3. ) Means of support
55
Q

____ are luminaires that are permanently attached to a building.

A

Lighting Fixtures

56
Q

____ luminaires emit light downwards.

A

Direct

57
Q

____ luminaires emit light in all directions.

A

Diffuse

58
Q

Asymmetric luminaires are designed for ____ applications.

A

Special

59
Q

Direct luminaires are usually selected to convey a sense of ____ to the space.

A

Drama

60
Q

T/F: An example of an indirect light would be uplighting.

A

True

61
Q

Wallwashers or accent lights are examples of ____ luminaires.

A

Asymmetric

62
Q

Downlight are also known as ____ or ____.

A

Downlight or can lights

63
Q

ASHRAE 90.1 mandates that track lighting have a minimum of ___ watts per foot.

A

30

64
Q

T/F: The simplest principal of lighting control is controlling how much power ,and when, to luminaires.

A

True

65
Q

Energy codes suggest that Nonresidential spaces must be switched but they do not specify ____.

A

Where the switch must be

66
Q

ADA requires that a light switch should be located on the latch side of the entry door at ____” AFF.

A

42”

67
Q

A ____ turns circuits on and off at specific times.

A

Time Clock

68
Q

A ____ turns a circuit on or off after a specific amount of time.

A

Timer

69
Q

Dimmers control light levels by controlling ____.

A

Power to a lamp

70
Q

In a ____ dimmer, the lights must be dimmed completely before switching occurs.

A

Single-Action

71
Q

A ____ Dimmer requires separate actions to dim or switch, and remains at the level selected when switched on.

A

Preset

72
Q

Dimmers must be selected in accordance with ____ and ____.

A

Load and Lamp Type

73
Q

____ lamps must have a dimming ballast.

A

Fluorescent.

74
Q

What 2 technologies do Occupancy Sensors Utilize?

A

1.) Passive Infrared
2.) Ultrasonic
(OR A MIX OF BOTH)

75
Q

Lumen Maintenance Systems dim new lamps about __-__% to match when they wear out slightly.

A

20-30%

76
Q

Adaptation Compensation is the practice of ____.

A

Dimming lights at night.

77
Q

The level of illumination is measured ___” above the floor.

A

30”

78
Q

NFPA 101 specifies a ___ lux minimum along the path of emergency egress.

A

10 lux

79
Q

____ is when luminaires are new and clean, burning the brightest of their lifespan.

A

Initial Lighting Level

80
Q

Lighting is designed for ____ light levels

A

Maintained

81
Q

____ is the measure of light intensity in a certain direction.

A

Candela

82
Q

What does PAR stand for?

A

Parabolic Aluminized Reflector

83
Q

____ is the measure of a material’s ability to let light pass through it.

A

Transmittance

84
Q

Layering provides the ____ of lighting a space/building.

A

Framework

85
Q

The quantity, quality, and placement of light in a room affect the ____ of persons inside.

A

Psychology

86
Q

Color temperature for lamps is represented by the color of a ____ heated to the given temperature in degrees Kelvin.

A

Black Body Radiator, or Steel

87
Q

When a building is rotated to allow more/less sunlighting, this is called ____

A

Sighting

88
Q

What are the two general ways to install CFL lamps in a luminaire?

A
  1. ) Pin Type

2. ) Screw Type

89
Q

What type of light is a pendant MOST COMMONLY considered?

A

Decorative

4th Year, Week 5 (Lighting Essentials 1 and Motors 3) (2 decks)

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