light stuff and electrons

Question 1

what patterns do electrons travel in?

Answer 1

wave-like patterns

Question 2

differences between bohr and quantum mech model?

Answer 2

B: spherical orbitals, 1 quant. number for each orbital
QM: orbitals in various shapes. 1 quant number and letter to notate orbitals

Question 3

T/F: e- closer to nucleus have more potential energy and are less energetically favorable

Answer 3

F: electrons further from nucleus have more potential energy and are less energetically favorable

Question 4

lower energy states are more or less favorable in nature?

Answer 4

more (we’re lazy)

Question 5

what is light? 3 characteristics of light?

Answer 5

electromagnetic radiation made of photons that travel in a wave-like fashion.
1. light has no mass
2. light has a constant speed (speed of light)
3. light has a range of energy, wavelength, and frequency

Question 6

what is a photon?

Answer 6

a discrete packet of energy

Question 7

for naming purposes, what is considered light?

Answer 7

NOT just visible light, interchangeable with all forms of electromagnetic radiation!

Question 8

similarity of properties of light w electrons? difference?

Answer 8

similarity: light travels in wave like patterns, just like electrons
difference: light has no mass. electrons have a tiny mass

Question 9

what is wavelength? symbol for wavelength?

Answer 9

distance peak to peak/trough to trough in a wave.
lamda (λ)

Question 10

wavelength is measured in ___?

Answer 10

meters

Question 11

describe the relationship btwn wavelength/frequency

Answer 11

longer wavelength= lower frequency
shorter wavelength= higher frequency

Question 12

what is frequency? symbol?

Answer 12

number of waves passing a fixed point in 1 second.
denoted by v aka nu

Question 13

frequency units?

Answer 13

1/sec
s ^-1
Hz
(these are all equivalent)

Question 14

does all light travel at the same speed? what letter used to denote speed of light?

Answer 14

YES
C = 3.0 x 10^8 m/sec

Question 15

quantum/quanta is synonymous with the word ___

Answer 15

photon

Question 16

does light travel in a stream?

Answer 16

NO, light travels in packets called quanta/photons!
not like a ramp but a staircase

Question 17

what are the types of electromagnetic radiation from lowest to highest energy?

Answer 17

radio waves
microwaves
infrared
visible light
UV range
X rays
gamma rays

Question 18

what differentiates each type of electromagnetic radiation from each other?

Answer 18

their wavelength, frequency, and energy (E)

Question 19

what is the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and energy?

Answer 19

shorter wavelength= higher frequency= more energy
longer wavelength= lower frequency= lower energy

Question 20

frequency and wavelength are ___ proportional

Answer 20

inversely!

Question 21

what equation relates wavelength and frequency? what does each var mean?

Answer 21

C= λv
C= speed of light
λ= wavelength
v= frequency (1/sec)

Question 22

what equation relates frequency and energy?

Answer 22

E of 1 photon= h v
where h = Planck’s constant = 6.626 x 10^34 J*s

Question 23

what is white light? is t a continuous or line spectrum?

Answer 23

light made of the entire visible spectrum (all colors we can see)
a continuous spectrum, since it includes ALL colors

Question 24

what is diffraction?

Answer 24

how a beam of light is spread out when passing through a narrow aperture/edge

Question 25

what is a line vs continuous spectrum? examples of each?

Answer 25

line spectrum= only some wavelengths/colors are produced (ex. in atoms and molecules) continuous spectrum= all colors are displayed (ex. white light)

Question 26

does difference in energy levels get smaller or bigger as you increase energy levels?

Answer 26

gets smaller! (bohr's ladder)

Question 27

what does planck's constant help you find?

Answer 27

can be applied in the Energy of a photon equation that relates the proportionality between frequency and energy can be used to find energy for diff energy levels in a H atom equation

Question 28

do electrons absorb or release energy when excited/going to higher energy levels? when relaxing to a ground state/going to lower energy levels?

Answer 28

excitation= energy is ABSORBED ground state= energy RELEASED in the form of light

Question 29

what does this E = (-hcRH) (1/n^2) equation tell us how to find?

Answer 29

the different energy levels in a H atom where h= Planck's constant, C= speed of light, and RH= rydberg's constant and n= given energy level

Question 30

what does this tell us how to find? delta E= (-hcRH) (1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2)

Answer 30

difference in energy levels where nf= final energy level and ni= initial energy level

Question 31

what is the heisenberg uncertainty principle?

Answer 31

we cannot both know the location and speed of an object (electrons) at the same time