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Biology Chapter 10 > Light Reactions > Flashcards

Light Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

List the inputs and outputs of light reactions.

A

Inputs: h20 and energy (light)
Outputs: O2, NADPH (NADH w/ phosphate), ATP

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2
Q

Where in the cell do light reactions occur?

A

on the thylakoid membrane

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3
Q

List the inputs and outputs of the Calvin Cycle.

A

Inputs: 3CO2, 6 NADPH, 9 ATP
Outputs: G3P (direct output of photosynthesis)

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4
Q

Where in the cell does the Calvin Cycle occur?

A

stroma

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5
Q

What is the photosynthesis rxn?

A

6 co2 + 6 h20 + energy (light) —-> c6h1206 + 6 o2

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6
Q

Describe autotrophs.

A

“self-feeders” - photosynthesize to make their own food from ions and simple molecules

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7
Q

Describe heterotrophs.

A

“different feeders” - obtain sugars and many other macromolecules from other organisms

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8
Q

Chlorophylls a and b absorb…

A

blue and red to reflect green (many membranes=more pigment)

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9
Q

Carotenoids absorb…

A

green and blue (reflect orange)

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10
Q

What does resonance allow?

A

alternating double bonds to allow molecules to absorb light

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11
Q

range of absorption provided by multiple pigments determines the _________________ of photosynthesis

A

action spectrum

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12
Q

Light rxns convert _______ energy to _______ energy.

A

light, chemical

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13
Q

Electrons from water are ________ and used to drive an _____________.

A

excited, electron transport chain

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14
Q

What is the order of a light reaction?

A

PS 2 –> ETC –> PS 1

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15
Q

Light reactions have what kind of flow?

A

noncyclic electron flow ( H20 —> NADP^+)

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16
Q

What is the reaction center of PS2?

A

P680 (absorbs 680 nm of light)

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17
Q

What is the function of PS2?

A

catalyzes oxidation of H20 —> O2

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18
Q

What is plastoquinone?

A

-lipid soluble carrier protein
- moves through membrane to transfer electrons

19
Q

What is the reaction center of PS1?

A

P700 (absorbs 700 nm of light)

20
Q

What can PS1 not do?

A

oxidize H20

21
Q

What is the final electron acceptor of photosynthesis?

A

NADP^+

22
Q

What is photophosphorylation?

A

proton motive forces drives ATP production at ATP synthase

23
Q

What is the direction of chemiosmosis?

A

lumen —> stroma (different than oxidative phos)

24
Q

Describe cyclic electron flow.

A

electrons returned to PQ and cycle between PS 1 and the ETC (increases ATP production)

25
Q

Under what conditions would a plant use cyclic flow?

A
  • night
  • aquatic plants
  • less water
  • no CO2
26
Q

What are the 3 steps of the Calvin Cycle?

A
  1. Fixation
  2. Reduction
  3. Regeneration
27
Q

What is the fixation step of the Calvin Cycle?

A
  • CO2 is “fixed” into useful form
  • CO2 attached to 5-carbon RuBP
  • then splits into 2 3-carbon 3PGA
28
Q

What is the reduction step of the Calvin Cycle?

A

3PGA reduced to G3P

29
Q

What is the regeneration step of the Calvin Cycle?

A

G3P is regenerated to RuBP

30
Q

What is rubisco?

A

carbon fixation enzyme

31
Q

Rubisco is the ___________ enzyme on earth.

A

most abundant

32
Q

Why is rubisco a popular target for genetic engineering?

A
  • improving its catalytic activity
    1. increased photosynthesis for crop plants
    2. remove co2 from atmosphere to combat climate change
33
Q

What is the problem with rubisco?

A
  • has an affinity for co2 and o2
34
Q

What is the issue with rubisco and photorespiration?

A
  • wastes energy and already-fixed co2 (releases co2 rather than fixing it)
  • decreases sugar production
35
Q

Leaves obtain co2 through __________.

A

stomata

36
Q

________ stomta = ___ > ____ = _____________

A

closed, o2, co2, photorespiration

37
Q

Describe C4 plants.

A
  • use spatial separation
  • plants in hot, dry climates
  • additional co2 fixation step in separate cell layer
38
Q

Describe CAM plants.

A
  • use temporal separation
  • desert plants
  • open stomata and fix co2 at night, calvin cycle during day
39
Q

Describe carbon fixation for C3 plants.

A

RuBP + CO2 —Rubisco—–> 2 3-phosphoglycerate (3-carbon organic acid)

40
Q

Describe carbon fixation for C4 plants.

A

3-carbon compound + CO2 —-PEP carboxylase (separate cell layer)—> 4-carbon organic molecule

41
Q

Describe carbon fixation for CAM plants.

A

3-carbon compound + CO2 —-PEP carboxylase (at night)—> 4-carbon organic molecule

42
Q

What is the direct product of photosynthesis?

A

G3P!!!!!!!!!

43
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

almost the exact reverse of glycolysis steps 1-5.

44
Q

After photosynthesis, glucose is then…

A
  1. combined w fructose to make sucrose; transported o rapidly growing parts of the plant
  2. polymerized to form starch for long term storage

Biology Chapter 10 (1 decks)

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