Light and Sound Flashcards

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1
Q

Are sound waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Longitudinal

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2
Q

Why are sound waves mechanical?

A

Need a substance to travel through

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3
Q

What do sound waves do to the ear drum and other solid parts of the human ear?

A

Make them vibrate

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4
Q

Why is there a limit to the range of human hearing?

A

Conversion of sound waves in air to vibrations in ear (solid) only works over a limited range of frequencies

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5
Q

What is the frequency range of normal human hearing?

A

20Hz to 20,000 Hz (20kHz)

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6
Q

What are ultrasound waves?

A

Sound waves with a frequency above 20,000 (Hz)

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7
Q

What happens to ultrasound waves when they meet a boundary between two substances?

A

They are partially reflected and some are transmitted

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8
Q

What is echo sounding used for?

A

Detecting objects in deep water, measuring the depth of water

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9
Q

What are the properties of P-waves?

A

Longitudinal, travel through liquids and solids

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10
Q

What are the properties of S-waves?

A

Transverse, cannot travel through liquids

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11
Q

Which observation suggests that the outer core of the Earth must be liquid?

A

S-waves are not detected on the opposite side of the earth

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12
Q

What is the difference between a concave and convex lens?

A

Convex bulges out in the middle, concave is thinner in the middle than at the edges

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13
Q

What does a convex lens do to parallel rays of light?

A

Light converges (comes together) at the principal focus

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14
Q

What does a concave lens do to parallel rays of light?

A

Light diverges (spreads out) so they appear to have come from the principal focus

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15
Q

What is the focal length of a lens?

A

Distance from the centre of the lens to the principal focus

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16
Q

What kind of images do concave and convex lenses produce?

A
Concave = virtual
Convex = real or virtual
17
Q

What properties do all EM waves of the same colour share?

A

Same range of wavelengths and frequencies

18
Q

What four things can happen to visible light when it hits an object?

A

Transmitted
Absorbed
Reflected
Refracted

19
Q

What is the difference between specular and diffuse reflection?

A
Specular = reflection from smooth surface 
diffuse = reflection from rough surface
20
Q

What words describe an object that transmits visible light?

A

Transparent or translucent

21
Q

Why does an object appear opaque?

A

Does not transmit visible light - absorbs and reflects it

22
Q

How do colour filters work?

A

Absorb certain wavelengths of light, transmit others