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Flashcards For Science > Light and Sound > Flashcards

Light and Sound Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a wave transfer?

A

Energy, not matter.

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2
Q

In a transverse wave, how do the particles vibrate?

A

The vibration of the particles is perpendicular to the direction of energy.

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3
Q

In a longitudinal wave, how do the particles vibrate?

A

The vibration of the particles is parallel to the direction of energy.

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4
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

A wave where the vibration of the particles is perpendicular to the direction of oscillation.

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5
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A wave where the vibration of the particles is parallel to the direction of oscillation.

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6
Q

In a longitudinal wave, what are areas where the particles are pushed together called?

A

Compressions.

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7
Q

In a longitudinal wave, what are areas where the particles are spread apart called?

A

Rarefactions.

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8
Q

What does a louder sound have?

A

A higher amplitude.

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9
Q

What does a high-pitched sound have?

A

A higher frequency.

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10
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal wave.

A

Sound.

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11
Q

Give an example of a transverse wave.

A

Light (also radio, microwaves, infra-red, UV, X-ray, gamma ray, water).

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12
Q

What is an object that gives off light known as?

A

Luminous.

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13
Q

How can we see non-luminous objects?

A

Because light is reflected off the object.

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14
Q

When light hits an object and ‘stops’, what is it known as?

A

Absorption.

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15
Q

When light hits an object and bounces off, what is it known as?

A

Reflection.

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16
Q

What is a material that lets light through without scattering known as?

A

Transparent.

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17
Q

What is an opaque material?

A

A material that does not let light pass through.

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18
Q

What is an object that scatters light as it passes through known as?

A

Translucent.

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19
Q

How do the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection compare?

A

They are equal/the same.

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20
Q

What is the first step in drawing a reflected ray?

A

Extend the incident line to the surface.

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21
Q

What is refraction?

A

The change in direction of a wave when it changes speed.

22
Q

When does refraction occur?

A

When a wave moves into a different substance.

23
Q

What happens if the speed of a wave decreases as it moves into a new substance?

A

It will bend towards the normal line.

24
Q

What happens if the speed of a wave increases as it moves into a new substance?

A

It will bend away from the normal line.

25
Q

What occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle?

A

All the light will be reflected/total internal reflection.

26
Q

What is total internal reflection?

A

When all the light is reflected with a material (e.g. a piece of glass).

27
Q

Give two examples of where total internal reflection is found in real-life applications.

A

Periscopes (submarines), internal cameras (medicine), fibre-optic.

28
Q

What is the name of the coloured circle around the pupil?

A

Iris

29
Q

What is the purpose of the lens in the eye?

A

To focus light onto the retina

30
Q

What do you call the black part of the eye?

A

Pupil

It is the opening that lets light in.

31
Q

What is the retina?

A

Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, made up of rods and cones.

32
Q

What is the purpose of the optic nerve?

A

Carries messages from the retina to the brain.

33
Q

Why do we end up with an inverted image formed on our retina when we look at an object?

A

Because light is refracted by the cornea and lens in our eye.

34
Q

What three colours of light can our eyes detect?

A

Red, green, blue

35
Q

What are the colours of the spectrum that make up white light?

A

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

Use ROY G. BIV.

36
Q

The colour of a light depends on what feature of a wave?

A

Frequency

37
Q

When light enters a prism it splits into the colours of the spectrum, what do we call this effect?

A

Dispersion

38
Q

Why does a blue object appear blue when a white light is shone upon it?

A

It reflects blue light. It absorbs all other colours of light.

39
Q

Why do black objects appear black?

A

They absorb all colours that are shone on them. No light is reflected.

40
Q

When red and green light is combined, what colour is formed?

A

Yellow

41
Q

When red and blue light is combined, what colour is formed?

A

Magenta

42
Q

When blue and green light is combined, what colour is formed?

A

Cyan

43
Q

Sketch a low-pitched sound becoming a high-pitched sound (the volume remains constant).

A

Sketch required

44
Q

Sketch a quiet sound becoming a loud sound (the pitch remains unchanged).

A

Sketch required

45
Q

If a sound is becoming lower pitched, what is decreasing?

A

The frequency

46
Q

If a sound is becoming lower in volume, what is decreasing?

A

The amplitude

47
Q

What formula can we use to calculate the speed of sound?

A

speed = distance/time

48
Q

Do sound waves travel fastest in solid, liquid or gas?

A

Solid

49
Q

Do light waves travel fastest through a solid, liquid or gas?

A

Gas (light travels fastest through a vacuum)

50
Q

When calculating the speed of sound using an echo, what must you remember?

A

The echo travels to an object and back again (you may need to double the distance).

Flashcards For Science (3 decks)

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