Ligaments

Question 1

Anterior Longitudinal L.

Answer 1

ALL, C2 to sacrum
widest at sacrum, blends with discs
only spinal l. that resists (hyper)extension

Question 2

Posterior Longitudinal L.

Answer 2

PLL, C2 to sacrum

widest at sacrum, resists flexion, fans out at discs

Question 3

Capsular ll.

Answer 3

at each zygapophyseal joint, C2 to sacrum

flexible, includes meniscoids (synovial folds)

Question 4

Interspinous ll.

Answer 4

C2 to sacrum, discontinuous,

b/w S.P.s, poorly developed except in lumbar

Question 5

Intertransverse ll.

Answer 5

C2 to sacrum, discontinuous

b/w T.P.s, poorly developed except in lumbar

Question 6

Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 6

C2 to sacrum, left & right sides
discontinuous, connecting laminae of segments
thick, touch, yellow, b/c of elastic fibers; resists flexion & absorbs shock
helps posterior wall of v. canal & posterior mm. to maintain erect posture

Question 7

IVD

Answer 7

C2 to sacrum,

intervertebral disc itself is a ligament

Question 8

Transforaminal L.

Answer 8

C2 to sacrum, variable in size (and presence)

reduces size of IVF

Question 9

Anterior Antlantooccipital L.

Answer 9

homologous to the ALL from occiput to C1

Question 10

Posterior Atlantoccipital L.

Answer 10

homologous to Ligamentum Flavum between occiput & C1

has arcuate foramen for vertebral artery

Question 11

Lateral Atlantoccipital L.

Answer 11

later mass of atlas to paramastoid process (C1 to occiput)

Question 12

Anterior Atlanto-axial L.

Answer 12

homologous to ALL b/w C1 to C2

Question 13

Posterior Atlanto-axial L.

Answer 13

homologous to Ligamentum Flavum, b/w C1 to C2

Question 14

Accessory L.

Answer 14

lateral mass of C1 to posterior body of C2, deep to tectorial membrane

Question 15

Tectorial L.

Answer 15

homologous to PLL, b/w C2 to occiput, along anterior border of foramen magnum

Question 16

Cruciform L.

Answer 16

deep to tectorial membrane, holds dens against facet; transverse part attaches to lateral masses and holds dens in place; longitudinal part connects to anterior border of foramen magnum (occiput) to body of C2

Question 17

Alar L.

Answer 17

paired, attach dens to left & right occipital condyles (alar tubercles), occiput to C2

Question 18

Supraspinous L.

Answer 18

C7 to sacrum, continuous, connecting SPs

Question 19

Nuchal l.

Answer 19

parts: funicular cord (to EOP) and lamellar membrane (to median nuchal line)
connecting all SPs in cervical region, homologous to supraspinous l.

Question 20

Costovertebral articular capsule l.

Answer 20

thoracic only

Question 21

Costovertebral interosseous l.

Answer 21

thoracic

attaches crest of rib head to IVD, separates joint cavity into superior/inferior halves

Question 22

Radiate l.

Answer 22

thoracic region
superior/intermediate/inferior bands
connect to body above/disc/body below

Question 23

Costotransverse articular capsule l.

Answer 23

thoracic region

Question 24

Costotransverse interosseous l.

Answer 24

thoracic
from costal neck to base of T.P.
(the rib neck l.)

Question 25

Lateral costotransverse l.

Answer 25

thoracic region | tip of T.P. to costal tubercle

Question 26

Superior costotransverse l.

Answer 26

thoracic region | neck of rib to T.P. of segment above

Question 27

Superior iliolumbar l.

Answer 27

TP of L4 to iliac crest | lumbosacral - support flex/ext & lateral flexion

Question 28

Inferior iliolumbar l.

Answer 28

TP of L5 to iliac crest | lumbosacral - support flex/ext & lateral flexion

Question 29

Lumbosacral l.

Answer 29

L5 T.P. to sacral ala | support flex/ext & lateral flexion

Question 30

Posterior sacroiliac l.

Answer 30

sacrum to pelvis | quite strong, extensive; short horizontal fibers & long vertical fibers; prevents sacrum from falling b/w ilia

Question 31

Anterior sacroiliac l.

Answer 31

sacrum to pelvis | very strong, less significant than & deep to post SI l.; reinforces anterior SI capsule, blends to capsule

Question 32

Interosseous sacroiliac l.

Answer 32

sacral tuberosity to ilial tuberosity | very strong, located deep/anterior to posterior SI l.

Question 33

Sacrotuberous l.

Answer 33

``` ischial tuberosity (of pelvis) to sacrum very strong, resists forward nodding of base of sacrum ```

Question 34

Sacrospinous l.

Answer 34

ischial spine (of pelvis) to anterior sacrum