ligaments Flashcards
1
Q
trapezoid (coracoclavicular)
A
- attachments
- coracoid process > trapezoid line of clavicle
- functions
- stabilizes acromioclavicular joint limiting medial displacement, protraction, and elevation
2
Q
sternoclavicular
A
- anterior
- posterior – primary stabilizer
- superior
3
Q
conoid (coracoclavicular)
A
- attachments
- coracoid process > conoid tubercle of clavicle
- function
- stabilizes acromioclavicular joint limiting medial displacement, protraction, and elevation
4
Q
acromioclavicular
A
- attachments:
- superior aspect of acromial end of clavicle > adjacent acromion
- function:
- stabilizes acromioclavicular joint
5
Q
coracoacromial
A
- attachments:
- lateral border of coracoid process > adjacent acromion > clavicular articulation
- function:
- prevents superior displacement of the humeral head by forming the coracoacromial arch
6
Q
coracohumeral
A
- attachments:
- base of coracoid process > anterior aspect greater tubercle
- function:
- reinforces superoanterior aspects of joint capsule
7
Q
costoclavicular
A
- attachments:
- superior aspect of cartilage of first rib > undersurface of the clavicle
- function:
- stabilizes sternoclavicular joint, limiting elevation of the clavicle
- taught with elevation and retraction
8
Q
superior transverse scapular
A
- attachments:
- base of coracoid process > medial edge of the scapular notch
- function:
- closes of suprascpaular notch
9
Q
glenoid capsule
A
- attachments:
- circumference of glenoid cavity > anatomical neck of humerus
- capsular tissue: anterior and posterior continues laterally on humerus into neck of humerus
- anterior and inferior capsule much thicker than posterior
10
Q
superior glenohumeral
A
- attachments:
- upper part of medial margin of glenoid cavity > lesser tubercle and anatomical neck
- function:
- stabilizes against inferior translation of humerus on glenoid with humerus at 0 degrees of abduction
- restraint against inferior translation in adducted position
11
Q
middle glenohumeral
A
- attachments:
- upper part of medial margin of glenoid cavity > lesser tubercle and anatomical neck
- function:
- stabilizes against anterior translation of humerus on glenoid
- primary restraint against ER at 45 degrees of abduction/scaption
- courses along anterior joint from glenoid to humerus in superior to inferior direction
12
Q
inferior glenohumeral
A
- attachments:
- upper part of medial margin of glenoid cavity > lesser tubercle and anatomical neck
- function:
- stabilizes against inferior translation of humerus on glenoid with humerus at 90 degrees of abduction
- main static stabilizer of GH joint with arm at 90 degrees of abduction
- anterior band: primary restraint against ER at 90 degrees abduction
- posterior band: against IR
13
Q
ulnar collateral
A
- attachments:
- medial epicondyle > medial margin of coronoid process and olecraon process
- function:
- resists excessive cubital valgus
- provides stability against valgus stress: importent between 20-130 degrees
- triangular shaped
- 3 components
- anterior band (bundle) – oblique to ulna
- posterior band (bundle) – to olecranon process on ulna
- transverse – (oblique) band (bundle)
14
Q
anterior band UCL
A
- strongest and stiffest elbow collateral ligament
- becomes taught in terminal extension
- stabilizes elbow against valgus stress 20-120 degrees
- secondary restraint at end range flexion beyond 120 degrees
15
Q
posterior band UCL
A
- weakest band (fan shaped)
- taut beyond 55 degrees of elbow flexion
- secondary restraint to velgus stress at lesser degree of flexion
- equal co-restraint with anterior band at terminal flexion (especially in overhead athlete in counteracting valgus stresses)
16
Q
transverse (oblique) band UCL
A
- originates and insertes on ulna
- little role in elbow stability
- deepens socket for trochlea
17
Q
radial collateral
A
- attachments:
- lateral epicondyle > annular ligament
- function:
- resists excessive cubital varus
- fan shaped from lateral epicondyle, blends with anular ligament
- consistent tension throughout arc of flexion
- restraint against varus load at elbow
- primary restraint against posterolateral instability of radial head
18
Q
anular
A
- attachments:
- anterior margin of radial notch > posterior margin of radial notch surrounding head of radius
- function:
- stabilizes proximal radioulnar joint
- provides 80% of articular surface of humeral radial joint
- stabilizes radial head
- maintains relationship of radial head with ulna
- forms proximal radioulnar joint
- permits pronation/supination
19
Q
ligaments of the wrist
A
- intrinsic: interosseous, midcarpal
- not as necessary for us
- extrinsic: radiocarpal, ulnocarpal
- resist flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation
20
Q
interosseous membrane of forearm
A
- attachments:
- interosseous border of radius > interosseous border of ulna
21
Q
transverse carpal
A
- attachments:
- pisiform and hook of hamate > scaphoid and trapezium
- function:
- prevents bowstringing of the tendons of flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus
22
Q
radiocarpal
A
- attachments:
- dorsal and palmar surface of distal radius > first two rows of carpal bones
- function:
- stabilizes carpal bones on the radius
23
Q
radial collateral ligament of wrist
A
- attachments:
- radial styloid process > scaphoid
- function:
- restrain/limit wrist ulnar deviation
24
Q
ulnar collateral ligament of wrist
A
- attachments:
- ulnar styloid process > triquetrum
- function:
- restrain/limit wrist radial deviation
25
Q
collateral ligements of metacarpophalangeal joints
A
- attachments:
- head of metacarpals > base of adjacent proximal phalanx
- function:
- stabilizes metacarpophalangeal joints
26
Q
triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)
A
- components
- biconcave fibrocartilage disc
- palmar ulnocarpal ligament
- ulnar collateral ligament
- function
- stabilizes distal radio-ulnar and ulnocarpal joint, form concavity on the ulnar side of the wrist AND transfer compressive force from hand/wrist to the forearm
27
Q
CMC thumb capsule
A
- separate synovial capsule
- relatively lax
- reinforced
- radial collateral, ulnar collateral, dorsal/volar carpometacarphal ligaments
- reinforced
28
Q
MCP thumb ligaments
A
- capsule, volare plates, collateral ligametns
- similar to finger MCP joints
- except less motion
- sesamoids extracapsular (if present)
29
Q
MCP 2-5 finger ligaments
A
- transverse metacarpal ligaments
- deep: connect metacarpal heads
- superficial: connects adjacent volar plates
- collaters
- strong, obliquely oriented
- max tension at 70 degrees flexion
- resist abd/add
- volar plates
- increase contact surface with MC head in extension
- glides proximal/prevents tendon pinching in flexion
30
Q
IP 2-5 ligaments
A
- collaterals: more longitdunally arranged
- tight throughout range – max tension 15-25 degrees
- volar plates
- similar to MCP
- no transverse ligaments
- allows more dexterity
31
Q
sacrotuberous
A
- attachments
- posterior iliac spine and lateral margin of sacrum > ischial tuberosity
32
Q
sacrospinous
A
- attachments
- ischial spine > lateral margin of the sacrum
33
Q
fibrous joint capsule of hip
A
- attachments
- margin of acetabulum > neck, intertrochanteric line, and intertrochanteric crest of the femur
34
Q
iliofemoral
A
- attachments:
- anterior inferior iliac spine > intertrochanteric line of the femur
- function:
- limits extension of the femur on the acetabulum becomes taught with femoral external rotation
- Y ligament
- can hold body weight balanced over femoral heads
- tightens/limits
- extension, external rotation, internal rotation
35
Q
pubofemoral
A
- attachments:
- iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus > fibrous capsule
- function:
- limits abduction of the femur, becomes taught with femoral extension and external rotation
- tightens in
- extension
- external rotation
36
Q
ischiofemoral
A
- attachments:
- ischium posterior to the acetabulum > greater trochanter and iliofemoral ligament
- function:
- assists the iliofemoral ligament in limiting extension of the femur
- tightens in
- extension
- external rotation
- adduction
37
Q
ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres)
A
- attachments
- fovea of the femoral head > acetabular notch
38
Q
transverse acetabular
A
- attachments:
- interconnects the margins of the acetabular notch
39
Q
fibrous capsule of knee
A
- attachments:
- margins of femoral condyles > margins of tibial condyles
40
Q
tibial (medial) collateral
A
- attachments:
- medial epicondyle of femur > medial condyle and shaft of tibia deep to sartorius and deep to the pes anserinus
- function:
- stabilizes the medial aspect of the joint (prevents abduction of the tibia)
- resists valgus stress and secondary restraint to IR of tibia on femur
- consists of superficial and deep layers/fibers
- closely applied to joint capsule and medial meniscus
41
Q
fibular (lateral) collateral
A
- attachments:
- lateral epicondyle of the femur > anterior lateral aspect of the head of the fibula
- function:
- stabilizes lateral aspect of the joint (prevents adduction of the tibia)
- resists varus stress and secondary restraint to ER of tibia on femur
- condyle to lateral aspect of fibular head
42
Q
anterior cruciate
A
- attachments:
- medial part of the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia > posterior part of the medial surface of lateral condyle of the femur
- function:
- prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyperextension of the knee
- posteromedial lateral femoral condyle in intercondylar notch to anterior tibia medial to anterior attachment of lateral meniscus
- prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur/posterior displacement femur on tibia
- also plays large role in controlling rotational forces between tibia and femur
43
Q
posterior cruciate
A
- attachments:
- posterior intercondular area of the tibia > lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur
- function:
- prevents anterior displacement of femur on the tibia
- posterolateral medial femoral condyle in intercondylar notch to intercondylar area of posterior tibia
- restricts posterior movement of tibia on femur/anterior movement of femur on tibia
44
Q
medial meniscus
A
- attachments:
- anterior and posterior regions of intercondylar area of the tibia and fibrous capsule at the tibial collateral ligament
- function:
- distibute compressive forces (absorb shock) and increase contact area at the tibiofemoral joint
- absorb shock, decrease friction, increase contact area
- C shaped, larger than lateral
- attached to MCL and semimembranpsus (through posterior oblique ligament)
45
Q
lateral meniscus
A
- attachments:
- anterior and posterior regions of the intercondylar area of tibia
- function:
- distribute compressive forces (absorb shock) and increase contact area at the tibiofemoral joint
- O shaped, smaller than medial
46
Q
patellar
A
- attachments:
- apex of patella > tibial tuberosity
- function:
- resists knee flexion
- serves as component of extensor mechanism for quadriceps muscles to extend tibia on the femur
47
Q
anterolateral ligament (ALL)
A
- attachments
- lateral femoral epicondyle > proximal tibia (posterior to Gerdy’s tubercle) – GT
- function
- stabilizer for internal rotation, support function of ALL
48
Q
medial patellofemoral
A
- attachments:
- proximal 50% of medial patella > medial epicondyle of the femur
- function:
- restrains against patellar lateral displacement
49
Q
crural interosseous membrane
A
- attachments:
- interosseous border of the tibia > interosseous border of the fibula
50
Q
talocrural fibrous capsule
A
- attachments:
- border of articular surfaces of tibia and malleoli > margins of trochlear surface of the talus
51
Q
medial collateral (deltoid)
A
- attachments:
- medial malleolus > talus, navicular, sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
- function:
- stabilizes joint
- resists talocrural and subalar eversion
- tibiotalar (anterior and posterior), tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular
- resists forced eversion of talus, calcaneus, navicular
- eversion forces in WB
52
Q
lateral ligaments
A
- ATFL – anterior talofibular ligament
- resists anterior translation and inversion of talus in PF position
- CFL – calcaneofibular ligament
- resists inversion of calcaneus
- PTFL – posterior talofibular ligament
- resists inversion of talus
53
Q
posterior talofibular (lateral ligaments of the ankle)
A
- attachments:
- malleolar fossa of the fibula > lateral tubercle of the talus
- function:
- restrict talocural inversion
54
Q
calcaneofibular (lateral ligaments of ankle)
A
- attachments:
- tip of lateral malleolus > lateral surface of calcaneus
- function:
- resist calcaneal/subtalar inversion
55
Q
anterior talofibular (lateral ligaments of ankle)
A
- attachments:
- anterior lateral malleolus of fibula > neck of the talus
- function:
- resist talocrural inversion
- resist anterior translation of the talus
56
Q
long plantar
A
- attachments:
- plantar surface of calcaneus and cuboid > plantar surface of the bases of the metatarsals
57
Q
plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar)
A
- attachments:
- calcaneus > plantar surface of the cuboid
- deep to long plantar
58
Q
plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)
A
- attachments:
- anterior margin of the sustentaculum tali > plantar surface of the navicular
- function:
- supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
