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anatomy 2 > ligaments > Flashcards

ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

trapezoid (coracoclavicular)

A
  • attachments
    • coracoid process > trapezoid line of clavicle
  • functions
    • stabilizes acromioclavicular joint limiting medial displacement, protraction, and elevation
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2
Q

sternoclavicular

A
  • anterior
  • posterior – primary stabilizer
  • superior
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3
Q

conoid (coracoclavicular)

A
  • attachments
    • coracoid process > conoid tubercle of clavicle
  • function
    • stabilizes acromioclavicular joint limiting medial displacement, protraction, and elevation
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4
Q

acromioclavicular

A
  • attachments:
    • superior aspect of acromial end of clavicle > adjacent acromion
  • function:
    • stabilizes acromioclavicular joint
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5
Q

coracoacromial

A
  • attachments:
    • lateral border of coracoid process > adjacent acromion > clavicular articulation
  • function:
    • prevents superior displacement of the humeral head by forming the coracoacromial arch
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6
Q

coracohumeral

A
  • attachments:
    • base of coracoid process > anterior aspect greater tubercle
  • function:
    • reinforces superoanterior aspects of joint capsule
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7
Q

costoclavicular

A
  • attachments:
    • superior aspect of cartilage of first rib > undersurface of the clavicle
  • function:
    • stabilizes sternoclavicular joint, limiting elevation of the clavicle
  • taught with elevation and retraction
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8
Q

superior transverse scapular

A
  • attachments:
    • base of coracoid process > medial edge of the scapular notch
  • function:
    • closes of suprascpaular notch
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9
Q

glenoid capsule

A
  • attachments:
    • circumference of glenoid cavity > anatomical neck of humerus
  • capsular tissue: anterior and posterior continues laterally on humerus into neck of humerus
    • anterior and inferior capsule much thicker than posterior
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10
Q

superior glenohumeral

A
  • attachments:
    • upper part of medial margin of glenoid cavity > lesser tubercle and anatomical neck
  • function:
    • stabilizes against inferior translation of humerus on glenoid with humerus at 0 degrees of abduction
  • restraint against inferior translation in adducted position
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11
Q

middle glenohumeral

A
  • attachments:
    • upper part of medial margin of glenoid cavity > lesser tubercle and anatomical neck
  • function:
    • stabilizes against anterior translation of humerus on glenoid
  • primary restraint against ER at 45 degrees of abduction/scaption
    • courses along anterior joint from glenoid to humerus in superior to inferior direction
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12
Q

inferior glenohumeral

A
  • attachments:
    • upper part of medial margin of glenoid cavity > lesser tubercle and anatomical neck
  • function:
    • stabilizes against inferior translation of humerus on glenoid with humerus at 90 degrees of abduction
  • main static stabilizer of GH joint with arm at 90 degrees of abduction
    • anterior band: primary restraint against ER at 90 degrees abduction
    • posterior band: against IR
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13
Q

ulnar collateral

A
  • attachments:
    • medial epicondyle > medial margin of coronoid process and olecraon process
  • function:
    • resists excessive cubital valgus
    • provides stability against valgus stress: importent between 20-130 degrees
  • triangular shaped
  • 3 components
    • anterior band (bundle) – oblique to ulna
    • posterior band (bundle) – to olecranon process on ulna
    • transverse – (oblique) band (bundle)
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14
Q

anterior band UCL

A
  • strongest and stiffest elbow collateral ligament
    • becomes taught in terminal extension
  • stabilizes elbow against valgus stress 20-120 degrees
    • secondary restraint at end range flexion beyond 120 degrees
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15
Q

posterior band UCL

A
  • weakest band (fan shaped)
  • taut beyond 55 degrees of elbow flexion
  • secondary restraint to velgus stress at lesser degree of flexion
  • equal co-restraint with anterior band at terminal flexion (especially in overhead athlete in counteracting valgus stresses)
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16
Q

transverse (oblique) band UCL

A
  • originates and insertes on ulna
    • little role in elbow stability
  • deepens socket for trochlea
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17
Q

radial collateral

A
  • attachments:
    • lateral epicondyle > annular ligament
  • function:
    • resists excessive cubital varus
  • fan shaped from lateral epicondyle, blends with anular ligament
  • consistent tension throughout arc of flexion
  • restraint against varus load at elbow
    • primary restraint against posterolateral instability of radial head
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18
Q

anular

A
  • attachments:
    • anterior margin of radial notch > posterior margin of radial notch surrounding head of radius
  • function:
    • stabilizes proximal radioulnar joint
  • provides 80% of articular surface of humeral radial joint
  • stabilizes radial head
  • maintains relationship of radial head with ulna
    • forms proximal radioulnar joint
  • permits pronation/supination
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19
Q

ligaments of the wrist

A
  • intrinsic: interosseous, midcarpal
    • not as necessary for us
  • extrinsic: radiocarpal, ulnocarpal
    • resist flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation
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20
Q

interosseous membrane of forearm

A
  • attachments:
    • interosseous border of radius > interosseous border of ulna
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21
Q

transverse carpal

A
  • attachments:
    • pisiform and hook of hamate > scaphoid and trapezium
  • function:
    • prevents bowstringing of the tendons of flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus
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22
Q

radiocarpal

A
  • attachments:
    • dorsal and palmar surface of distal radius > first two rows of carpal bones
  • function:
    • stabilizes carpal bones on the radius
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23
Q

radial collateral ligament of wrist

A
  • attachments:
    • radial styloid process > scaphoid
  • function:
    • restrain/limit wrist ulnar deviation
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24
Q

ulnar collateral ligament of wrist

A
  • attachments:
    • ulnar styloid process > triquetrum
  • function:
    • restrain/limit wrist radial deviation
25
Q

collateral ligements of metacarpophalangeal joints

A
  • attachments:
    • head of metacarpals > base of adjacent proximal phalanx
  • function:
    • stabilizes metacarpophalangeal joints
26
Q

triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

A
  • components
    • biconcave fibrocartilage disc
    • palmar ulnocarpal ligament
    • ulnar collateral ligament
  • function
    • stabilizes distal radio-ulnar and ulnocarpal joint, form concavity on the ulnar side of the wrist AND transfer compressive force from hand/wrist to the forearm
27
Q

CMC thumb capsule

A
  • separate synovial capsule
  • relatively lax
    • reinforced
      • radial collateral, ulnar collateral, dorsal/volar carpometacarphal ligaments
28
Q

MCP thumb ligaments

A
  • capsule, volare plates, collateral ligametns
    • similar to finger MCP joints
    • except less motion
  • sesamoids extracapsular (if present)
29
Q

MCP 2-5 finger ligaments

A
  • transverse metacarpal ligaments
    • deep: connect metacarpal heads
    • superficial: connects adjacent volar plates
  • collaters
    • strong, obliquely oriented
    • max tension at 70 degrees flexion
    • resist abd/add
  • volar plates
    • increase contact surface with MC head in extension
    • glides proximal/prevents tendon pinching in flexion
30
Q

IP 2-5 ligaments

A
  • collaterals: more longitdunally arranged
    • tight throughout range – max tension 15-25 degrees
  • volar plates
    • similar to MCP
  • no transverse ligaments
    • allows more dexterity
31
Q

sacrotuberous

A
  • attachments
    • posterior iliac spine and lateral margin of sacrum > ischial tuberosity
32
Q

sacrospinous

A
  • attachments
    • ischial spine > lateral margin of the sacrum
33
Q

fibrous joint capsule of hip

A
  • attachments
    • margin of acetabulum > neck, intertrochanteric line, and intertrochanteric crest of the femur
34
Q

iliofemoral

A
  • attachments:
    • anterior inferior iliac spine > intertrochanteric line of the femur
  • function:
    • limits extension of the femur on the acetabulum becomes taught with femoral external rotation
  • Y ligament
    • can hold body weight balanced over femoral heads
  • tightens/limits
    • extension, external rotation, internal rotation
35
Q

pubofemoral

A
  • attachments:
    • iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus > fibrous capsule
  • function:
    • limits abduction of the femur, becomes taught with femoral extension and external rotation
  • tightens in
    • extension
    • external rotation
36
Q

ischiofemoral

A
  • attachments:
    • ischium posterior to the acetabulum > greater trochanter and iliofemoral ligament
  • function:
    • assists the iliofemoral ligament in limiting extension of the femur
  • tightens in
    • extension
    • external rotation
    • adduction
37
Q

ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres)

A
  • attachments
    • fovea of the femoral head > acetabular notch
38
Q

transverse acetabular

A
  • attachments:
    • interconnects the margins of the acetabular notch
39
Q

fibrous capsule of knee

A
  • attachments:
    • margins of femoral condyles > margins of tibial condyles
40
Q

tibial (medial) collateral

A
  • attachments:
    • medial epicondyle of femur > medial condyle and shaft of tibia deep to sartorius and deep to the pes anserinus
  • function:
    • stabilizes the medial aspect of the joint (prevents abduction of the tibia)
  • resists valgus stress and secondary restraint to IR of tibia on femur
  • consists of superficial and deep layers/fibers
  • closely applied to joint capsule and medial meniscus
41
Q

fibular (lateral) collateral

A
  • attachments:
    • lateral epicondyle of the femur > anterior lateral aspect of the head of the fibula
  • function:
    • stabilizes lateral aspect of the joint (prevents adduction of the tibia)
  • resists varus stress and secondary restraint to ER of tibia on femur
  • condyle to lateral aspect of fibular head
42
Q

anterior cruciate

A
  • attachments:
    • medial part of the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia > posterior part of the medial surface of lateral condyle of the femur
  • function:
    • prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyperextension of the knee
  • posteromedial lateral femoral condyle in intercondylar notch to anterior tibia medial to anterior attachment of lateral meniscus
  • prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur/posterior displacement femur on tibia
    • also plays large role in controlling rotational forces between tibia and femur
43
Q

posterior cruciate

A
  • attachments:
    • posterior intercondular area of the tibia > lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur
  • function:
    • prevents anterior displacement of femur on the tibia
  • posterolateral medial femoral condyle in intercondylar notch to intercondylar area of posterior tibia
  • restricts posterior movement of tibia on femur/anterior movement of femur on tibia
44
Q

medial meniscus

A
  • attachments:
    • anterior and posterior regions of intercondylar area of the tibia and fibrous capsule at the tibial collateral ligament
  • function:
    • distibute compressive forces (absorb shock) and increase contact area at the tibiofemoral joint
    • absorb shock, decrease friction, increase contact area
  • C shaped, larger than lateral
  • attached to MCL and semimembranpsus (through posterior oblique ligament)
45
Q

lateral meniscus

A
  • attachments:
    • anterior and posterior regions of the intercondylar area of tibia
  • function:
    • distribute compressive forces (absorb shock) and increase contact area at the tibiofemoral joint
  • O shaped, smaller than medial
46
Q

patellar

A
  • attachments:
    • apex of patella > tibial tuberosity
  • function:
    • resists knee flexion
    • serves as component of extensor mechanism for quadriceps muscles to extend tibia on the femur
47
Q

anterolateral ligament (ALL)

A
  • attachments
    • lateral femoral epicondyle > proximal tibia (posterior to Gerdy’s tubercle) – GT
  • function
    • stabilizer for internal rotation, support function of ALL
48
Q

medial patellofemoral

A
  • attachments:
    • proximal 50% of medial patella > medial epicondyle of the femur
  • function:
    • restrains against patellar lateral displacement
49
Q

crural interosseous membrane

A
  • attachments:
    • interosseous border of the tibia > interosseous border of the fibula
50
Q

talocrural fibrous capsule

A
  • attachments:
    • border of articular surfaces of tibia and malleoli > margins of trochlear surface of the talus
51
Q

medial collateral (deltoid)

A
  • attachments:
    • medial malleolus > talus, navicular, sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
  • function:
    • stabilizes joint
    • resists talocrural and subalar eversion
  • tibiotalar (anterior and posterior), tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular
  • resists forced eversion of talus, calcaneus, navicular
    • eversion forces in WB
52
Q

lateral ligaments

A
  • ATFL – anterior talofibular ligament
    • resists anterior translation and inversion of talus in PF position
  • CFL – calcaneofibular ligament
    • resists inversion of calcaneus
  • PTFL – posterior talofibular ligament
    • resists inversion of talus
53
Q

posterior talofibular (lateral ligaments of the ankle)

A
  • attachments:
    • malleolar fossa of the fibula > lateral tubercle of the talus
  • function:
    • restrict talocural inversion
54
Q

calcaneofibular (lateral ligaments of ankle)

A
  • attachments:
    • tip of lateral malleolus > lateral surface of calcaneus
  • function:
    • resist calcaneal/subtalar inversion
55
Q

anterior talofibular (lateral ligaments of ankle)

A
  • attachments:
    • anterior lateral malleolus of fibula > neck of the talus
  • function:
    • resist talocrural inversion
    • resist anterior translation of the talus
56
Q

long plantar

A
  • attachments:
    • plantar surface of calcaneus and cuboid > plantar surface of the bases of the metatarsals
57
Q

plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar)

A
  • attachments:
    • calcaneus > plantar surface of the cuboid
  • deep to long plantar
58
Q

plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)

A
  • attachments:
    • anterior margin of the sustentaculum tali > plantar surface of the navicular
  • function:
    • supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

anatomy 2 (6 decks)

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