Lifestyle for Fertility Flashcards
Which of the following dietary factors is most strongly associated with improved fertility? A) High glycemic index carbohydrates
B) Omega-3 fatty acids
C) Trans fats
D) Animal protein
Correct answer: B) Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are linked to improved oocyte quality and reduced inflammation, which support fertility.
Incorrect answers:
A) High glycemic index carbohydrates can negatively affect fertility by contributing to insulin resistance.
C) Trans fats are linked to ovulatory infertility.
D) Animal protein, especially red and processed meat, has been negatively associated with fertility.
How does obesity impact female fertility? A) Reduces leptin levels, improving ovarian function
B) Increases aromatase activity, leading to low testosterone levels
C) Promotes chronic inflammation, impairing oocyte and sperm quality
D) Reduces oxidative stress, enhancing gamete quality
Correct answer: C) Promotes chronic inflammation, impairing oocyte and sperm quality
Obesity causes hormonal dysregulation and promotes inflammation, which negatively impacts reproductive health.
Incorrect answers:
A) Obesity increases leptin, which can disrupt hormonal balance.
B) Obesity increases aromatase activity, converting testosterone to estrogen, impairing fertility.
D) Obesity increases oxidative stress, not reduces it.
Which of the following is true regarding the effect of excessive physical activity on fertility? A) Enhances insulin sensitivity and improves endometrial receptivity
B) Increases cortisol levels, suppressing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
C) Has no impact on hormonal modulation
D) Improves egg quality by boosting estrogen levels
Correct answer: B) Increases cortisol levels, suppressing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
Excessive physical activity can lead to hormonal disruptions, including reduced GnRH secretion, which affects fertility.
Incorrect answers:
A) Moderate exercise enhances insulin sensitivity and can improve fertility.
C) Excessive physical activity has a negative impact on hormonal balance.
D) It does not improve egg quality in the case of over-exercise.
What is a key consequence of low body weight on female fertility? A) Increased ovulation and enhanced egg quality
B) Reduced gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone pulsatility, leading to anovulation
C) Elevated estrogen production, improving reproductive function
D) Improved ovarian reserve and fertilization success
Correct answer: B) Reduced gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone pulsatility, leading to anovulation
Low body weight can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, causing anovulation and fertility issues.
Incorrect answers:
A) Low weight often results in anovulation, not increased ovulation.
C) It lowers estrogen levels, which impair fertility.
D) Low body weight is linked to reduced ovarian reserve, not enhanced fertilization.
Which environmental factor is most detrimental to male fertility? A) Moderate exercise
B) Increased scrotal temperature
C) Decreased body weight
D) Antioxidant-rich diet
Correct answer: B) Increased scrotal temperature
High scrotal temperature impairs sperm production, motility, and DNA integrity, which affects male fertility.
Incorrect answers:
A) Moderate exercise can improve sperm parameters.
C) Decreased body weight generally does not directly impact male fertility.
D) An antioxidant-rich diet may help improve sperm health but is not a primary factor here.
How does smoking affect fertility? A) It reduces oxidative stress, improving gamete quality
B) It impairs estrogen production and reduces ovarian reserve
C) It enhances sperm motility and morphology
D) It increases the chances of implantation
Correct answer: B) It impairs estrogen production and reduces ovarian reserve
Smoking introduces toxins that directly harm reproductive tissues, impairing gamete quality and reducing ovarian function.
Incorrect answers:
A) Smoking increases oxidative stress, damaging gametes.
C) Smoking reduces sperm quality.
D) Smoking negatively affects implantation, increasing the risk of miscarriage.
What is the impact of advanced maternal age (over 35) on fertility? A) Increased chances of euploidy and successful implantation
B) Reduced chance of conception and increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities
C) Improved egg quality and ovarian reserve
D) Decreased risk of miscarriage
Correct answer: B) Reduced chance of conception and increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities
Advanced maternal age leads to a decline in oocyte quality, increasing the risk of chromosomal abnormalities and fertility challenges.
Incorrect answers:
A) Euploidy rates decrease with age, not increase.
C) Egg quality declines with age, making conception harder.
D) The risk of miscarriage increases after 35.
Which of the following is the most significant benefit of moderate-intensity physical activity on male fertility? A) Increased sperm count
B) Increased sperm motility and normal morphology
C) Increased testosterone production
D) Enhanced sperm DNA fragmentation
Correct answer: B) Increased sperm motility and normal morphology
Moderate-intensity physical activity is associated with improvements in sperm motility and morphology.
Incorrect answers:
A) Sperm count may not necessarily increase with moderate exercise.
C) Testosterone production can be affected by obesity, not moderate exercise.
D) Physical activity should reduce sperm DNA fragmentation, not enhance it.
What is the main mechanism by which antioxidants support fertility? A) They increase reactive oxygen species (ROS)
B) They neutralize ROS, protecting gametes from oxidative damage
C) They lower cortisol levels
D) They increase fat stores for hormonal balance
Correct answer: B) They neutralize ROS, protecting gametes from oxidative damage
Antioxidants help to counteract the harmful effects of oxidative stress on gametes, supporting fertility.
Incorrect answers:
A) Antioxidants neutralize ROS rather than increase them.
C) Cortisol reduction can help reduce stress but is not the primary function of antioxidants in fertility.
D) Antioxidants do not directly influence fat stores for hormonal balance.
Which of the following is associated with improved fertility outcomes in women with PCOS? A) High levels of testosterone
B) Yoga and lifestyle modifications
C) High-glycemic index diets
D) Increased body weight
Correct answer: B) Yoga and lifestyle modifications
Yoga has been shown to reduce stress, balance hormones, and improve fertility in women with PCOS.
Incorrect answers:
A) High testosterone levels in PCOS impair fertility.
C) High-glycemic index diets are linked to poor fertility outcomes.
D) Increased body weight in PCOS can worsen fertility problems.
What is a hypothesized impact of caffeine consumption on male reproductive health?
A) Improved sperm DNA integrity
B) No effect on semen parameters
C) Negative influence on sperm DNA integrity
D) Increased semen concentration
Correct answer C) rationale: Caffeine has been hypothesized to have a negative impact on male reproductive health, specifically regarding sperm DNA integrity. The other choices are not supported by the current evidence.
Incorrect answers:
A) Caffeine is not known to improve sperm DNA integrity.
B) The current evidence does suggest some potential impact, although causality is not definitive.
D) There is no evidence suggesting caffeine increases semen concentration.
What does the current research suggest about the association between caffeine intake and fertility?
A) A clear, definitive positive effect on fertility
B) A strong causal link between caffeine and infertility
C) No definitive association between caffeine intake and fertility indexes
D) Caffeine directly improves sperm quality and fertility
Correct answer C) rationale: While observational studies suggest associations between caffeine intake and fertility, no definitive causal link has been established. Thus, there is no clear association between caffeine and fertility indexes.
Incorrect answers:
A) There is no clear positive effect.
B) No strong causal link has been identified.
D) Caffeine does not directly improve sperm quality or fertility.
What factor is linked to increased infertility risk in women related to alcohol consumption?
A) Moderate alcohol consumption
B) No alcohol consumption
C) Heavy alcohol consumption
D) Consumption of alcohol in the first trimester
Correct answer C) rationale: Heavy alcohol consumption is linked to an increased risk of infertility in women. The other options do not align with the evidence.
Incorrect answers:
A) Moderate alcohol consumption is not associated with increased infertility risk.
B) No alcohol consumption doesn’t correlate with an increased infertility risk.
D) Alcohol consumption in the first trimester is not highlighted as a specific risk.
Which of the following is a known effect of alcohol on female reproductive function?
A) Increased implantation rates
B) Reduced time to pregnancy
C) Decreased conception probability
D) Increased ovulation and folliculogenesis
Correct answer C) rationale: Alcohol can decrease conception probability and increase the time to pregnancy in women. It is also linked to reduced implantation rates.
Incorrect answers:
A) Alcohol reduces implantation rates.
B) Alcohol increases time to pregnancy.
D) Alcohol can cause anovulation, luteal phase dysfunction, and abnormal blastocyst development.
- How does alcohol affect male hormonal regulation?
A) Increases testosterone and decreases estrogen
B) Disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, reducing testosterone levels
C) Increases the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) No effect on hormonal regulation in men
Correct answer B) rationale: Alcohol disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in males, leading to reduced testosterone levels and other hormonal imbalances.
Incorrect answers:
A) Alcohol decreases testosterone, not increases it.
C) Alcohol disrupts FSH levels rather than increases them.
D) Alcohol does affect hormonal regulation in men.
Which of the following is an effect of alcohol on semen quality?
A) Increased sperm motility
B) Enhanced sperm morphology
C) Reduced sperm concentration and motility
D) Increased sperm concentration
Correct answer C) rationale: Alcohol consumption in males is linked to reduced sperm concentration, motility, and abnormal morphology.
Incorrect answers:
A) Alcohol decreases, not increases, sperm motility.
B) Alcohol decreases sperm morphology, not enhances it.
D) Alcohol reduces, not increases, sperm concentration.
What impact can psychological stress have on female fertility? A) Improved fertility rates
B) Disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis
C) Higher conception rates
D) Increased egg quality
Correct answer B) rationale: Psychological stress in women can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, negatively impacting ovulation, fertilization, and implantation rates.
Incorrect answers:
A) Stress does not improve fertility rates.
C) Stress negatively affects conception rates.
D) Stress typically worsens egg quality, not improves it.
How does stress impact male fertility?
A) It improves sperm production
B) It enhances semen quality
C) It reduces luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone pulsing, lowering spermatogenesis
D) It has no effect on semen quality
Correct answer C) rationale: Stress in males reduces luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels, negatively impacting spermatogenesis and semen quality.
Incorrect answers:
A) Stress does not improve sperm production.
B) Stress impairs semen quality, not enhances it.
D) Stress has a known negative effect on semen quality.
What is a potential barrier to implementing lifestyle changes for fertility?
A) Reduced stress levels
B) Overwhelming public health guidelines
C) Lack of perceived control and limited social support
D) Increased physical activity
Correct answer C) rationale: Barriers to implementing lifestyle changes for fertility include factors such as limited social support, lack of perceived control, and other personal challenges.
Incorrect answers:
A) Reduced stress levels are not typically a barrier.
B) Public health guidelines can be helpful, not overwhelming.
D) Increased physical activity is generally seen as beneficial for fertility.
