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module 103 - theme 5 > lifestyle factors & respiratory disease > Flashcards

lifestyle factors & respiratory disease Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of leading causes of death in the UK are due to respiratory diseases?

A

20%

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2
Q

what percentage of acute illnesses do upper respiratory tract infections account for?

A

50%

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3
Q

what is the most common upper respiratory tract infection?

A

common cold

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4
Q

how many viruses is the common cold caused by?

A

200

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5
Q

what percentage of adult colds are caused by rhinoviruses?

A

30-50%

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6
Q

what do some studies show a link between when it comes to being cold?

A

acute chilling of feet causes onset of symptoms in approximately 10% of people

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7
Q

why does acute cooling of the body cause cold symptoms in some people?

A
  • acute cooling of the body surface causes reflex vasoconstriction in nose and upper airways which inhibits respiratory defence
  • onset of common cold symptoms caused by conversion of asymptomatic subclinical infection into a symptomatic infection
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8
Q

what is sleep an important predictor of?

A

immunity

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9
Q

what is there a graded link between in terms of sleep duration and sleep efficiency?

A
  • sleep duration and development of a cold

- sleep efficiency and development of a cold

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10
Q

what is counted as a megadose of vitamin C?

A

> 200mg

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11
Q

what is the RDI in vitamin C?

A

40mg

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12
Q

what type of stress increases the risk of a common cold?

A

chronic stress

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13
Q

what can predict developing a common cold?

A

not predicted by acute stress, predicted by chronic stress

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14
Q

what increases the risk of stress?

A

smoking, lack of exercise, poor sleep efficiency, drinking more alcohol

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15
Q

by what percentage does washing your hands decrease the risk of respiratory infection?

A

16%

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16
Q

in the behavioural study of people with colds: 430 students in 2 halls of residence were used what was introduced to promote handwashing?

A
  • alcohol gen dispensers installed in rooms, bathrooms and dining hall
  • significant increased in hand-hygiene behaviour
  • significant reduction in symptoms, illness rates, absenteeism
17
Q

what is the most common chronic disease amongst children in developed countries?

A

asthma

18
Q

what economic costs does asthma bring?

A

medical treatment, lost productivity, social security costs

19
Q

how does stress affect asthma?

A
  • symptoms are exacerbated by stress
  • core pathological process = inflammation of the airways
  • stress-induced changes in immune responses may contribute to exacerbation of symptoms and triggering of attacks
  • dysregulation of cortisol response to stress may be important in chronic asthma
20
Q

why do asthmatics struggle to detect change in lung function?

A

no match between peak expiratory flow and self-rated asthma on VAS

21
Q

what does individualised asthma self-management education do?

A

improves medication adherence and improves clinical markers of asthma control

22
Q

what affects perception of asthma symptoms and medical outcomes?

A

affected by anxiety, pessimism and perceived stigma

23
Q

what percentage of deaths does lung cancer lead to?

A
  • 7% male deaths

- 5% female deaths

24
Q

what does the dose-response effect link together when it comes to lung cancer?

A

number of cigarettes, depths of inhalation to greater risk of lung cancer

25
Q

what percentage of lung cancer could be avoided if you quit smoking?

A

90%

26
Q

what are other causes of lung cancer other than smoking?

A

asbestos, radon gas and other radioactive substances

27
Q

what leads to a decline in smoking prevalence?

A

individual behaviour change and structural change

28
Q

what percentage of smokers are male and women?

A

18% men, 14% women

29
Q

what are the smoking cessation methods?

A
  • nicotine replacement
  • buproprion
  • smoking cessation groups
  • eduction
  • buddy systems
  • hypnotherapy
  • self help/bibliotherapy

module 103 - theme 5 (3 decks)

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