Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 103, theme 5: Impacts of lifestyle on cardiovascular and respiratory health > Lifestyle factors and disease > Flashcards

Lifestyle factors and disease Flashcards

1
Q

Top 5 leading causes of death in females 50-64 years-old, in England and Wales.

A
  1. Malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung.
  2. Malignant neoplasm of the breast.
  3. Ischaemic heart disease.
  4. Chronic disease of the LRT.
  5. Cirrhosis and other liver disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Top 5 leading causes of death in males 50-64 years-old, in England and Wales.

A
  1. Ischaemic heart disease.
  2. Malignant neoplasm of the lung, bronchus and trachea.
  3. Cirrhosis and other liver diseases.
  4. Chronic LRT disease.
  5. Malignant neoplasm of the anus, colon and rectum.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Top 5 leading causes of death in females 65-79 years-old, in England and Wales.

A
  1. Malignant neoplasm of the lung, bronchus and trachea.
  2. Chronic LRT disease
  3. Ischaemic heart disease
  4. Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
  5. Cerebrovascular disease.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Top 5 leading causes of death in males 65-79 years-old, in England and Wales.

A
  1. Ischaemic heart disease.
  2. Malignant neoplasm of the lung, trachea and bronchus.
  3. Chronic LRT disease.
  4. Cerebrovascular disease
  5. Neoplasm of the prostate.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 key health protective behaviours

A
  1. Not smoking.
  2. Exercise/ Physical activity 30 mins a day.
  3. 1-14 units of alcohol a week.
  4. 5+ serving of fruits and veg a day.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Screening behaviours

A

Screening for certain conditions can help catch diseases earlier and implement treatment more effectively:

Hypertension screening

Blood cholesterol

Cancer screens

Cervical smear

Mammogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of health protective behaviours

A

Exercise

Diet

Sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of risk behaviours

A

Smoking

Alcohol consumption

Recreational drug use

Unsafe sex

Risky driving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The magnitude of the benefits of engaging in all health behaviours rather than one.

A

In all causes of disease, engaging in all 4 behaviours rather than none decreases risk by x3.5.

In other causes of disease that isn’t CVS or cancer, this risk is reduced by almost x7.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The significance of the observed does-response effect

A

By choosing to undertake 1 key health protective behaviour, this decreases the risk significantly in all causes of disease.

So by choosing to not undertake one behaviour, risk is increased at least by around 0.5x.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Biopsychosocial health promotion techniques

A

Involves the promotion and evaluation of ‘healthy’ lifestyle programmes:
Health-protective behaviours
Health risk behaviors

Early identification of people at higher rish

Legislative action and government initiates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

IMB model

A

Psychological model for health behaviour.

States that there are three key elements needed to influence behavioural change:

Information
Motivation
Behavioural skills

Each component can be applied to other health behaviour theories: Transtheoretical, TPB and HBM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HBM

A

Health belief model for health behaviour.

Model states that behavioural change is more likely to happen if individuals think they are more likely to get a disease/ condition:

Perceived severity and susceptibility- motivation for behavioural change, that comes with received information.

Individuals also weight the cost and benefits of changing their behaviour- perceived costs and benefits.
This influences their motivation to change their behaviour.

Cues to action remind individuals of perceived benefits, increasing motivation.

Individuals also need self-efficacy, a behavioural skill, to ensure behavioural change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Theory of planned behaviour

A

The main factor that causes behavioural change is the change in intention of the individual- i.e for an individual to stop smoking, they must genuinely intend to do so.

Intention is influenced by:
- The attitude of the individual

  • The subjective norm around the behaviour. This is what an individual perceives others to think of a certain behaviour
  • Behavioural control (behaviour skill)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Limitations of the models: TPB, HBM

A

They are linear:
They assume that the changing certain factors will definitely change behaviour

Doesn’t account for the fact that some may relapse in behaviour.
The models explain why one may undergo behavioural change but doesn’t explain why one may not continue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transtheoretical model

A

Health behaviour model that considers relapse- where change in behaviour is not continued.

Cycle:

  1. Precontemplation- individual does not know behaviour risk has negative effect.
  2. Contemplation- Individual receives information in a convincing way that allows them to consider negative effects of their behaviour.
  3. Preparation- Individual has decided to change behaviour and plans how to do so.
  4. Action- Behavioural change is undertaken.

5 Maintenance- Behavioural change is maintained

Relapse can occur at steps 2-4, going back to contemplation or preparation.

17
Q

SMART goals

A

A method of getting people to change their behaviour by setting an efficient goal.

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time-limited
18
Q

Motivational interviewing

A

1 on 1 interviews that helps people initiate and sustain changed:

Enhances motivation and commitment to change

Addresses barriers to change

Overcomes ambivalence about behaviour change

19
Q

Psychological factors that change unhealthy behaviour

A

Interventions with high-risk individuals

Interventions for a population

Cultural change- can be influenced by changes in legislations

20
Q

Social factors that change unhealthy behaviour

A

Legislation

Infrastructure/ resources

21
Q

Limitations of health behaviour models

A

Much of the variance in the models are not explained

Probabilistic- doesn’t explain exceptions

Does not address maintaining change

They can over exaggerate rationalising

22
Q

Dual process model

A

Health behaviour model that states that health related behaviours are influenced mainly by:

Reflective precursors- reasoned actions, planned behaviour, health beliefs and restraint standards.

And Impulsive precursors: automatic affective reactions, automatic approach-avoidance reactions.

Boundary conditions can influence both precursors:
Habitualness, ego depletion, mood, cognitive load, drugs, working memory capacity.

Module 103, theme 5: Impacts of lifestyle on cardiovascular and respiratory health (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions