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year 11 tilly douglas > lifespan psychology > Flashcards

lifespan psychology Flashcards

1
Q

three types of development?

A

continuous, discontinuous and sequential

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2
Q

describe continuous development

A

a cumulative process that involves gradually improving skills over life.

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3
Q

describe discontinuous development

A

takes place in unique stages that occur at specific times throughout life

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4
Q

describe sequential development

A

begins with simple thoughts, feelings and behaviours. they eventually progress to be more complex over time.

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5
Q

describe how quantitative data can be measured

A

amount of words in vocab, height, weight

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6
Q

describe how qualitative data can be measured

A

changes in the quality/type of speaking/movements

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7
Q

what are the two research methods?

A

longitudinal and cross-sectional

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8
Q

explain cross-sectional studies and advantages/disadvantages

A

they research multiple groups of people at varying ages at one point in their life. advantage is it takes less time, disadvantage is it does not control extraneous variables

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9
Q

explain longitudinal studies and advantages/disadvantages

A

longitudinal studies follow the same individuals over a period of time and observe changes as they grow older. advantages is extraneous variables stay the same so can be controlled/considered. disadvantage is it takes time.

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10
Q

what are hereditary factors?

A

hereditary factors are biological factors that can influence development

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11
Q

give an example of a hereditary factor

A

gene vulnerability. increased likelihood of developing disorders or conditions due to genes

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12
Q

what are environmental factors? give examples

A

external factors that influence development. home life, way we were raised, culture.

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13
Q

what is an enriched environment?

A

enriched environment are when all basic needs such as love and nutrition are met. good exposure to necessary stimuli

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14
Q

what is a deprived environment?

A

basic needs aren’t met, impaired development

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15
Q

how do twin/adoption studies look at the difference between hereditary and environmental factors.

A

-identical and fraternal twins compare how genes impact development (hereditary)
- adoption looks at how environmental factors impact development

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16
Q

why is attachment important for emotional development?

A

attachment is innate. it gives an infant a sense of security and allows them to feel like they have someone to depend on and have a safe haven.

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17
Q

what are the three types of attachment?

A
  • secure attachment
  • anxious avoidant
  • anxious resistant
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18
Q

describe secure attachment

A

child feels loved. feels safe with mother, scared without, and embraces her return

19
Q

describe anxious avoidant

A

child feels unloved and rejected. does not care whether mother is present or not

20
Q

describe anxious resistant

A

child feels angry and confused. they are constantly terrified of stranger, and regect mothers support when she comes back

21
Q

what are the three types of thinking?

A
  • concrete thinking
  • symbolic thinking
  • abstract thinking
22
Q

what is concrete thinking?

A

thought processes that rely on real life experiences

23
Q

what is symbolic thinking?

A

the ability to mentally represent people/objects/events that havent actually happened (imagination)

24
Q

what is abstract thinking?

A

thinking logically, in terms of general concepts rather than of specific people/objects/events

25
Q

what is a schemata?

A

schematas are categories of knowledge that help us to interpret/understand the world

26
Q

what is the process of assimilation?

A

the process of taking new information into a pre-existing schemata (seeing something eg a puppy, and recognising it as a dog)

27
Q

what is the process of accommodation?

A

changing or making a new schemata based off of new information (telling the difference between a cat and a dog)

28
Q

what are piaget’s four stages of cognitive development?

A
  • sensorimotor stage
  • preoperational stage
  • concrete operational stage
  • formal operational stage
29
Q

describe the sensorimotor stage

A

The sensorimotor stage occurs between 0-2.
- infants begin to understand the world through sensory and motor sensations

30
Q

describe the preoperational stage

A
  • occurs between 2-7
  • symbolic thinking begins
  • begin to assimilate and accommodate info into schematas
31
Q

describe the concrete operational stage

A
  • occurs between 7-12
  • start to think logically/abstractly
  • can organise and classify things
32
Q

describe the formal operational stage

A
  • abstract and logical thinking
33
Q

how is piaget’s theory of development differ from vygotsy’s?

A
  • piaget sees cognitive development as a discontinuous process, whereas vygotsky sees it as continuous. –
  • vygotsky believes that childrens knowledge is developed through the help of others.
34
Q

what is eriksons 8 stage of psychosocial development theory.

A
  • a persons personality and social skills develops over 8 stages
  • a psychological crisis is faced at each stage
  • the way we react to this crisis forms our personality
35
Q

what is stage 1? describe its features

A
  • trust vs mistrust
  • ages 0-2
  • “am I safe”
  • develops the virtue of hope
36
Q

what is stage 2? describe its features

A
  • autonomy vs shame/doubt
  • 2-3
  • gains control of bodily functions and makes choices
  • develops the virtue of will
37
Q

what is stage 3? desctibe it

A
  • initiative vs guilt
  • 3-5
  • asserting control, dictating things such as play
  • develops virtue of purpose
38
Q

what is stage 4? describe it

A
  • industry vs inferior
  • 5-12
  • influence from others to be good at things
  • develops virtue of competenceh
39
Q

what is stage 5? describe it

A
  • identity vs role confusion
  • 12-21
  • “who am I” discovers values, interests
  • develops virtue of fidelity
40
Q

what is stage 6? describe it

A
  • intimacy vs isolation
  • 21-39
  • “will i be loved or alone”
  • develops virtue of love
41
Q

what is stage 7? describe it

A
  • generativity vs stagnation
  • 39-65
  • cares and nurtures for things that will outlast them. wants to leave an impact on the world
  • develops virtue of care
42
Q

what is stage 8? describe it

A
  • integrity vs despair
  • 65+
  • “am i happy with my acheivements?”
  • develops virtue of wisdom
43
Q
A

year 11 tilly douglas (1 decks)

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