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Nutrition UNIT 4 > Lifespan Nutrition from Pregnancy to Toddler Years > Flashcards

Lifespan Nutrition from Pregnancy to Toddler Years Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic nutrients all ages need?

A

Essential amino acids, carbs, fatty acids, and 28 vitamins and minerals

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2
Q

What is the definition of pregnancy?

A

development of a zygote into an embryo and then a fetus in preparation for childbirth

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3
Q

What is infancy?

A

the earliest part of childhood; the period from birth through the first birthday

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4
Q

What is toddler age?

A

Ages 1 to 3 and are the end of early childhood

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5
Q

What is childhood?

A

Period from birth to 18

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6
Q

What is onset puberty?

A

can occur from ages nine to 15; the beginning of adolescence

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7
Q

What is older puberty?

A

The stage that takes place between 14 to 18

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8
Q

What is adulthood?

A

Period from end of adolescence to end of life; begins at age 18-19

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9
Q

What is Middle Age?

A

Period of adulthood from age 45 to 64

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10
Q

What is senior years to old age?

A

Extended from 65 until end of life

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11
Q

What is pregnancy?

A

Encompasses the time between fertillization and birth

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12
Q

True or False : Gestation is NOT another word for Pregnancy?

A

False

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13
Q

What is an embryo?

A

Between 2 to 8 weeks after fertilization; organs and vital be systems begin to develop

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14
Q

What is a fetus?

A

After 8 weeks of fertilization; organs continue to mature

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15
Q

What is the umbilical cord?

A

Supplies nutrients and oxygen; removes waster

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16
Q

What is the placenta?

A

Organ that holds the developing fetus

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17
Q

What’s lactation?

A

Production and secretion of milk

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18
Q

What is teratogen?

A

A substance that causes birth defects

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19
Q

What is conception?

A

A sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, creating a zygote

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20
Q

How many trimesters are there in pregnancy?

A

3

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21
Q

How long is the the first trimester?

A

1 to 12 Weeks

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22
Q

How long is the second trimester?

A

12 to 27 Weeks

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23
Q

How long is the the third trimester?

A

28 weeks - Birth

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24
Q

What is critical period?

A

The first trimester

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25
Q

What happens in the first trimester?

A
  • some major changes occur : the branching of nerve cells o form primitive neural pathways
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26
Q

What can be toxic during the first trimester?

A

Nutritional deficiency, medication, drugs, radiation, and tram can be harmful be and role of teratogens

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27
Q

What happens in the second semester?

A
  • fetus looks like an infant
  • fetus can be affected by toxic exposure
  • nutritional deficiency affects mother’s ability to breastfeed
  • maternal deposits of breast tissue fat tissue
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28
Q

What happens in the third trimester?

A
  • rapid growth
  • deposition of calcium and iron to the fetus during the last month
  • baby may deplete mom’s store if there is low intake
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29
Q

The precise weight gain during pregnancy depends on what?

A

The beginning weight or body mass index ( BMI)

30
Q

What happens if the mom does not gain enough gain?

A

results in low birth weight of the infant
Infant morality
Intellectual disabilities

31
Q

True or False: Infant birth weight is one the best indicators of a baby’s future health

A

True

32
Q

What does adequate nutrition do during pregnancy?

A
  • supports cell divison
  • tissue differentiation
  • organ development
33
Q

How many carbohydrates are needed during pregnancy?

A

RDA: 175 to 265 grams

34
Q

What are the functions of Carbohydrates?

A

Carbs help to fuel fetal brain development, build the placenta, and supply energy for the growth of the unborn body?

35
Q

What are the sources of carbohydrates?

A
  • whole -grain breads and cereals
  • brown rice
  • root vegetables
  • legumes
  • fruits
36
Q

What is the RDA protein for pregnant women?

A

71 grams

37
Q

What is the function of protein in pregnant women?

A

extra protein is needed for synthesis of new tissues (maternal and fetal)
- builds muscle
-enzymes
-antibodies
- hormones
It builds both in the mother and unborn baby, supports increased blood volume and production of aminotic fluid

38
Q

What are the sources of protein for pregnant women?

A
  • lean red meat
    -poultry
  • legumes
  • seeds
  • dairy products
39
Q

What is the RDA fats for pregnant women?

A

23-35%

40
Q

What is the function of Fats in pregnant women?

A

Fatty acid especially omega 3 and 6, supports the baby’s brain and eve development and are incorporated into placenta and fetal tissue

41
Q

What are the sources of FATS?

A

Health fats such as avocados and salmons

42
Q

What vitamins are needed during pregnancy?

A

Vitamin A, D, All B Vitamins,

43
Q

What does Vitamin D do during pregnancy?

A

crucial during pregnancy to support fetal bone development for the skeleton building

44
Q

What does Vitamin A do during pregnancy?

A

Crucial for vision

45
Q

What vitamin B are needed during pregnancy?

A

Vitamin B6, b12, folate

46
Q

What is Vitamin B6 used for?

A

supports the metabolism of amino acid

47
Q

What is Vitamin B12 used for in pregnancy?

A

Is needed for the synthesis of red blood cells and DNA

48
Q

What is folate used for in pregnancy?

A

Crucial because it also helps produce the extra blood a woman’s body requires during pregnancy and to prevent neural tube defects; (needed 600mcg)

49
Q

How much energy is needed in the 1st Trimester?

A

Balanced and adequate diet; no increase in calorie

50
Q

How much energy is needed in the 2nd Trimester?

A

An additional 340 kcal

51
Q

How much energy is needed in the 3rd Trimester?

A

An additional 450kcal/ day

52
Q

How much fluid should I women drink ?

A

2.3 liters ( about 10 cups) per day

53
Q

What minerals are used during pregnancy?

A

Zinc, iodine,iron, calcium, phosphrous, and magnesium

54
Q

What is the function of Zinc in pregnancy ?

A

crucial for cell development and protein synthesis

55
Q

What is the function of iodine in pregnancy?

A

A part of thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism

56
Q

What is the function of iron in pregnancy?

A

for an increase in blood supply are inadequate and to support the fetus and placenta

57
Q

What is the function of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium?

A

To support fetal bone development for the skeleton building

58
Q

What are the dietary guidelines for pregnant women?

A
  • eat rich iron/ iron fortified foods
    -vitamin c rich foods
    -eat a well balanced diet
  • drink additional fluids, water especially
59
Q

What are the foods/drinks to avoid during pregnancy?

A
  • Alcohol
  • caffeine
60
Q

What are the consequences of drinking alcohol during pregnancy?

A

Fetal alcohol disorders

61
Q

Is there a safe level of alcohol consumption?

A

There is NO safe amount of alcohol that a pregnant women can consume

62
Q

When are the effects of alcohol most severe in the first trimester?

A

The first trimester

63
Q

What is the foodborne illness that causes problems in pregnant women?

A

Listeriosis

64
Q

What are the symptoms of Listeriosis?

A

pregnant women experience only fever and other flu like symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches

65
Q

What happens if Listeriosis happens to a pregnant women?

A
  • miscarriage
    -stillbirth
  • premature delivery
66
Q

Foods to avoid for Listeriosis?

A

unpasterurized dairy
smoked seafood
hot dogs
cold cuts
uncooked meats

67
Q

What is accepted exercise during pregnancy?

A

At least 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity a week

68
Q

What are the most food cravings in pregnancy?

A

milk
meats
pork
liver

69
Q

What is pica ?

A

A medical disorder, occurs during pregnancy more ofter in nonpregnant women due to iron deficiency

70
Q

What is gestational diabetes?

A

the body becomes resistant to the hormone insulin, which enables cells to transport glucose from the blood

71
Q

What is preeclampsia?

A

Gestational hypertension

72
Q

What is Gestational Hypertension?

A

A condition of high blood pressure during the second half of pregnancy

Nutrition UNIT 4 (1 decks)

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