Lifespan CPCE Flashcards
Psychoanalytic Theory
Freud
• Role of the Unconscious
Defense mechanisms
• Psychosexual Development
Id
pleasure
Ego
reality
Superego
morality
Psychosexual Stages
Freud
Personality is formed in first five years
- Libido (sexual energy) guides personality development through five stages:
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Oedipus complex
- Latency
- Genital
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
(Developmental change occurs throughout lifespan) • Trust v. Mistrust (Birth-18months) • Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt (2-3) • Initiative v. Guilt (3-5) • Industry v. Inferiority (6-11) • Identity v. Role Confusion (12-18) • Intimacy v. Isolation (19-40) • Generativity v. Stagnation (40-65) • Integrity v. Despair (65-Death)
Piaget Cognitive Theory
sensorimotor (birth to 2), infant prowesses from reflexive action at birth to the beginning go symbolic thought toward the end of the stage
preoperational stage (2-7) child begins to represent the world with words and images
concrete operational (7-11) child can now reason logically about concrete events
formal operational (11-adulthood) the adolescent reasons more abstractly
Vygotzy’s Zone of Proximal Development
ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT • RANGE OF TASKS THAT ARE TOO DIFFICULT FOR THE CHILD TO MASTER ALONE, BUT CAN E LEARNED WITH HELP FROM ADULTS/OLDER CHILDREN • SCAFFOLDING • COURSE OF TEACHING 1. DIRECT GUIDANCE 2. COMPETENCE INCREASE 3. LESS GUIDANCE IS GIVEN
B.F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning
• Reinforcement
• Reward • Punishment
Bandura Social Learning theory
Social learning theory outlines three requirements for people to learn and model behavior include attention, retention (remembering what one observed), reproduction (ability to
reproduce the behavior), and motivation to want to adopt the behavior.
we can
regulate and control our own behavior.
Bowlby
attachment
Stages of Development
Embryonic stage (2-8 weeks) • Major bodily systems develop • Spontaneous abortion: usually due to chromosomal abnormalities, severely defective embryos. Occurs usually without mother being aware. Fetal Stage (8 weeks-birth) • Appearance of bone cells; rapid growth; more complex organ development; begin to interact with environment; learn and remember (sound, voices)
Sensorimotor Stage:
Lasts from birth to about 2 years of age ➤ Simple reflexes ➤ First habits and primary circular reactions ➤ circular reaction = repetitive action ➤ stereotyped ➤ Secondary circular reactions ➤ Coordination of secondary circular reactions ➤ Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity ➤ Internalization of schemes Object permanence: ➤ Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched ➤ This is similar to avoidant attachment
Bowlby- Four phases of attachment
➤ Phase 1- birth to 2 months- attachment directed to human
figures
➤ Phase 2- 2 to 7 months- attachment focused on one figure,
typically primary caregiver, and distinguishes familiar and
unfamiliar people
➤ Phase 3- 7 to 14 months- specific attachments develop, seek
contact with mom and dad
➤ Phase 4- 24 months on- children become aware of others’
feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take these into
account in forming their own actions
BRAIN STEM
• AUTONOMIC • Heart Rate • Sleep-Wake • Eating (Hunger & Thirst) • Conduction of Information
