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LIFESKILLS GRADE 5 TERM 4 > LIFESKILLS GRADE 5 TERM 4 > Flashcards

LIFESKILLS GRADE 5 TERM 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a festival?

A

It is a time of celebration when people remember something important

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2
Q

What is an African Traditionalist?

A

They celebrate things that are special to their tribe like weddings and funerals. They celebrate by killing a goat or chicken with a special spear. They keep the important parts like the head and neck for the elders

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3
Q

What does it mean to be Jewish

A

Their favourite festival is Passover. This is a special time to remember how God freed all the Israelite people from slavery in Egypt. They eat special meat and unleavened bread. They also say prayers of thanksgiving.

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4
Q

What is a Christian

A

Their favourite festival is Easter. This is a time when they remember the death of Jesus on the cross. Jesus then rose from the dead 3 days later. They go to church and share holy communion. They eat chocolate easter eggs as they are a symbol of new life. The hollow eggs remind us that Christ’s tomb was empty.

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5
Q

What is unleavened bread

A

Flat bread made without yeast

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6
Q

What is Holy Communion

A

A ritual where Christians eat bread and drink wine to remember the sacrifice of Christ.

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7
Q

Who plays a major part in the cultural beliefs and prescribe their own muti (medicine) with traditional religions?

A

Sangomas

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8
Q

What is the oldest Christian Establishment?

A

The Dutch Reformed Church that was founded on arrival of Jan van Riebeeck in 1652

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9
Q

What cultural and religious practices could a tourist observe in South Africa

A
  • Visit a Sangoma
  • Attend an African wedding and witness slaughtering of animals
  • Study the circumcision procedures that Xhosa boys must go through to become men
  • See faith healers during sunrise on Durban beaches
  • Listen to the holy sounds of the Langa Baptist Choir
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10
Q

What is a Hindu

A

Their favourite festival is Diwali. The festival of lights.It celebrates driving out of darkness. It’s a time for people to forgive each other. They use candles, clay lamps and fireworks to symbolise the driving out of darkness.

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11
Q

What does symbolise mean

A

To represent

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12
Q

What is a Muslim

A

Their favourite festival is Ramadan. Festival lasts for a month during which they don’t eat or drink anything between sunrise and sunset. It helps them to discipline their minds and bodies. They pray a lot

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13
Q

What is a Buddist

A

Their favourite festival is Hana Matsuri when they celebrate the birthday of Budha. It’s a flower festival because they make flowers to remind them of the beautiful gardens where Buddha was born. They dress in their best clothes and walk to the temple. They through Lotus flowers on the path.

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14
Q

What is a follower of the Baha i faith

A

Their favourite festival is Ridvan. This celebrates Baha’u’llah’s public announcement of his mission. Ridvan means paradise. They drape walls and windows with white cloth. They sit on cushions and pillows.

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15
Q

What is Lobola

A

When a man must pay a price to marry a woman

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16
Q

What does Lobola involve

A

It involves a complicated formal process of negotiation between families of the bride and groom. It involves a ceremony where the family members agree on the price that the groom must pay. (traditionally paid in a number of cows) Modern couples pay cash instead of cows.

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17
Q

What is a custom

A

A custom is a tradition. It is the way in which people who belong to a certain group behave or do something

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18
Q

What form part of a religion’s customs

A

Practices - like how babies are named, how children become adults, how people get married and how people are burried.

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19
Q

Describe the African traditional religion

A

Most of their customs focus on the family and special events in people’s lives such as births, initiations, weddings and death. On special occasions, an animal is sacrificed to honour their ancestors. They often consult sangomas for advice.

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20
Q

What does Sacrificed mean

A

Slaughtered in a religious ritual

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21
Q

Describe the Baha’i Faith

A

They focus on the relationship with God rather than on religious customs. They have no priests, no ceremonies and no worship rituals. They make beautiful gardens around their homes and places of worship.

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22
Q

Describe Buddhism

A

They often burn incense and candles, ring bells and place flowers in their homes. They have a shrine in their homes where they pray and meditate. They fly prayer flags. When the wind blows the flags flap and carry blessings to the ends of the earth. Some buddhist boys become monks. They shave their hear, wear orange robes and live a simple life

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23
Q

What is incense

A

A spice that is burnt to make a nice smell

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24
Q

What is a shrine

A

A holy place of worship

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25
Q

What does meditate mean

A

To focus your mind on spiritual issues

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26
Q

What are monks

A

Men who live in a religious community and commit themselves to doing the work of their religion.

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27
Q

Describe Christianity

A

Babies are welcomed into the church at a baptism ceremony where water is sprinkled on their heads. Some churches only baptize people when they are older. Often in a river, dam or swimming pool. Many Christians wear a cross around their necks as a sign and a reminder of that they believe in. Many Christians pray to give thanks before meals. Christians celebrate Holy Communion where the church members gather together to eat bread and drink wine to remind them of the sacrifice that Jesus made.

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28
Q

Describe Hinduism

A

Babies receive a special blessing at birth and are named at a special naming ceremony. They always wash themselves and remove their shoes before they worship. They have shrines in their homes where they worship, sing and pray to their gods. They offer sweets and fruit to their gods and also burn incense and candles. At weddings the bride wears beautiful clothes and jewellery and paint their hands with henna

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29
Q

What is henna

A

A reddish-brown dye used to make temporary tattoos on the skin.

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30
Q

What does circumcised mean

A

The removal of some or all of the foreskin of a penis

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31
Q

What is a yarmulke

A

A small round cap worn on the top of the head

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32
Q

Describe Islam

A

When a baby is born the father whispers a prayer in the baby’s right ear. When the baby is 7 days old, the parents have a naming ceremony and shave the baby’s hair off. Boys are normally circumcised between ages 5 and 7. Muslims pray at least 5 times a day. They only say their prayers after they have cleaned their hands, elbows, feet, face and ears. They always face Mecca when they pray.

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33
Q

Describe Judaism

A

Jewish boys are circumcised eight days after their birth and given a Jewish name. Jewish men always cover their heads with a yarmulke when they worship.They wear a prayer shawl over their heads when they pray. They have a small box at the door to their house. Inside this box is a special prayer honouring God. At a wedding the bride and groom break a glass by standing on it with their shoes to remind them that all happy occasions also have some sadness.

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34
Q

Which religion shaves a baby’s hair at 7 days old

A

Islam

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35
Q

Which religion celebrates Holy Communion

A

Christians

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36
Q

Which religion considers cows to be sacred

A

African traditionals

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37
Q

In which religion are boys circumcised at 8 days old

A

Jewish

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38
Q

In which religion do they fly prayer flags

A

Buddhism

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39
Q

Which religion has very few customs and beautiful gardens

A

Baha’i’Faith

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40
Q

Which religion paints the bride’s hand with Henna

A

Hindism

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41
Q

What does choke mean

A

to have something stuck in your throat that prevents you from breathing

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42
Q

Name 2 chemicals that can be dangerous

A

Cleaning products and medicine

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43
Q

Name 8 safety measures for harmful chemicals

A
  1. Try to buy products that are natural
  2. Teach people in your house about the dangers of household products
  3. Read product labels
  4. Never put cleaning products in colddrink bottles or containers that were used for food.
  5. Never put poison in you home where people can accidently come into contact with them.
  6. Store cleaning products in a high cupboard that is out of reach.
  7. Keep medicine in a safe place
  8. Look out for warning signs on products
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44
Q

What is medicine

A

Something that grown-ups give us when we are sick or hurting

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45
Q

What are vitamins

A

Kind of medicine to keep yourself healthy and strong

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46
Q

What should you do before you eat something

A

Make sure you know exactly what it is before you eat it.

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47
Q

Why should you never take someone else’s medicine

A

Because it can make you sick or even kill you

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48
Q

How do most fires start

A

By people who are careless

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49
Q

Name 8 tips to avoid a fire in your home

A
  1. Don’t cook near a window with a curtain
  2. Make sure candles can’t fall over
  3. Never play with fire
  4. Avoid faulty electricity connections
  5. Keep a bucket of sand handy to put out paraffin fires
  6. Build houses a good distance apart to prevent fires from spreading.
  7. Keep roads and the access to houses clear at all time
  8. Haven an escape plan that the whole family knows.
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50
Q

Name 8 things to remember when a fire breaks out.

A
  1. Don’t panic
  2. Get out fast
  3. Follow your escape plan
  4. Feel a door before you open it. If hot, go out another way
  5. Stay low to the floor
  6. Call the fire department as soon as you are out
  7. Stay out. Don’t go back
  8. If your clothes catches fire, remember to stop, drop and roll.
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51
Q

Name some household items to be cautious about

A 
Candles
Kitchen appliances
Matches and lighters
Electrical cords
Heaters
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52
Q

What should you remember when using candles at home

A

They should be kept a safe distance away from people and curtains.
Children should never be left alone in a room with a burning candle
Adults should put out candles when leaving a room

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53
Q

What should you remember when cooking in the kitchen

A

Keep flammable items away from the stove.
Children should always be helped by an adult
Children should not come close to the stove.

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54
Q

Where is the best place to keep matches

A

Out of reach of children. They should be locked up in a cupboard

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55
Q

How can electrical cords cause a fire

A

When they are damaged they can spark a fire. Too many appliances in 1 plug point can also cause a fire.

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56
Q

How can you make your house more fire safe?

A

A house should have at least 2 exits
Everyone should know what to do when there is a fire in the house
Make sure everyone knows the number for the fire department.

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57
Q

What do we use water for

A

We use it every day for drinking, cooking, washing, flushing toilets, water our gardens, farming, industry and the generation of electricity.

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58
Q

What is industry

A

The manufacturing of products from raw materials in factories

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59
Q

Why is water important to humans

A

Humans bodies are made up of about two thirds water. Without enough water in your diet, you would die in a few days. Clean water is important to stay healthy.

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60
Q

Why is water important for the earth?

A

Plants and animals need water to survive. If there is a drought, there is no rain in a certain place for a long time. This can lead to famine.

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61
Q

What is famine

A

When a huge part of the population is starving

62
Q

What does populated mean

A

Full of people

63
Q

What is drought

A

If there is no rain in a certain place for a long time.

64
Q

What is good quality water

A

Water which is free from disease causing germs

65
Q

Why is good quality water necessary

A

To reduce diseases

66
Q

When and how do we pollute water

A

Water can be contaminated by natural runoff from rainfall
Water can be polluted by activities such as farming or untreated sewage waste
Water can also be polluted in our homes like if you fill a jug with safe water, the jug can contaminate the water. The jug may be dirty for example.

67
Q

What can you do to clean water if you don’t have access to clean water

A

Boil the water
Add bleach
Use solar disinfection

68
Q

How much of all the water on earth can be used by people

A

Less than 1%. The rest is salt water or is permanently frozen

69
Q

Why is it important that we don’t waste water and pollute it.

A

Because our population grows and more people need this limited resource.

70
Q

What does limited mean

A

only a certain amount is available

71
Q

What is laundry

A

Clothes and linen that need to be washed

72
Q

What are fertilisers

A

Chemicals added to soil to make it more fertile

73
Q

What are pesticides

A

Chemicals used for killing insects

74
Q

What does pollute mean

A

To dirty with harmful or poisonous material

75
Q

Name 9 ways to use less water

A
  1. Teach people about the importance of water
  2. Fix any water leaks immediately
  3. Install water-saving devices on taps and toilets
  4. Don’t wash dishes with water running continuously
  5. Only wash full loads of laundry and dishes
  6. Shower rather than bath
  7. Replace old toilets with new toilets that use less water
  8. Sweep rather than hose down patios
  9. Direct rainwater to lawns
76
Q

Name 9 ways to protect the quality of water

A
  1. Grow plants on bare areas to prevent the soil washing into streams
  2. Never pour anything other that water down drains
  3. Don’t litter in water or on ground
  4. Check cars for leaks and recycle motor oil
  5. Pick up after your pet.
  6. Store and dispose of household chemicals properly
  7. Use fertilisers sparingly and avoid harmful pesticides
  8. Keep human waste away from water
  9. As the government for better water-protection laws.
77
Q

How do you fix a leaking tap

A
  1. Switch off the water supply to your home.
  2. Open the tap and let the water run out completely
  3. Remove the tap handle and make sure the screws don’t fall down the drain.
  4. Unscrew and remove the bell-shaped tap cover
  5. Lay the parts down in order to see how they should go back
  6. Unscrew and remove the head part with a spanner and pliers
  7. Unscrew the nut that holds the washer in place
  8. Remove the broken washer.
  9. Place a new washer onto the washer nut
  10. Put all the parts back together again
78
Q

What can cause a leaking tap

A

A broken washer.

79
Q

What are chronic illnesses

A 
Diabetes
Obesity
Heart disease
Certain Cancers
Tooth decay
80
Q

What can cause a chronic illness

A

Poor diet and lack of exercise

81
Q

What does a poor diet consist of

A

Too much fat and sugar

Not enough fresh fruit and vegetables

82
Q

What is obesity

A

A person who is extremely overweight. This put enormous pressure on the heart and is very unhealthy and dangerous

83
Q

What is a diet

A

The food and drink we consume

84
Q

What is starch

A

Carbohydrates found in food like potatoes

85
Q

Name 10 food-based dietary guidelines

A
  1. Enjoy different foods
  2. Be active
  3. Make starchy foods the main part of most meals
  4. Drink plenty of clean water
  5. Only use a little bit of salt
  6. Don’t eat fatty foods too often
  7. Eat dry beans, split peas, lentils and soya regularly
  8. Eat chicken, fish, milk, meat or eggs daily
  9. Eat plenty of vegetable and fruits daily
  10. Consume food and drinks containing sugar sparingly and not between meals.
86
Q

Why was the South African Department of health concerned about South Africans

A

Because they saw that people didn’t know much about healthy eating habits.

87
Q

Why is it important that all meals and snacks of children are rich in nutrients and energy

A

Because children have high nutritional needs and small appetites

88
Q

What are nutritional needs

A

Foods needed for a healthy diet

89
Q

What is an appetite

A

Natural desire for food

90
Q

Describe the Food pyramid

A

TOP: Don’t eat fatty foods, fizzy drinks, sweets and fried foods on a regular basis
SECOND: Eat small portions of dairy products such as cheese
THIRD: Protein is good for you. Eat healthy proteins such as beans and soya, fish, chicken and egg daily
FOURTH: Fresh fruit and veggies should be eaten every day with every meal. Also include healthy fats like avocado. Grains are important for energy, this should make up most of your diet
BOTTOM: Lots of exercise is important. You must be a healthy weight. Follow the eating guidelines for natural health

91
Q

What plays a part in what children eat

A

Parents are a major influence on the food choices kids make. They make decisions about which foods are available at home and when and where the family eat foods. Parents must teach kids to eat healthy.

92
Q

What is Tuberculosis

A

It’s a sickness that starts in the lungs. it is caused by an infection in the lungs that spreads throughout the body

93
Q

Is Tuberculosis infectious and how does it spread

A

Yes it is high infectious. Germs are carried in saliva droplets from the mouth. When you cough, talk or sneeze, saliva droplets that you can’t see spray from your mouth and other people breath it in. People who have TB must not share eating utensils, glasses, plates, towels, beds or toothbrushes with other people and should not come to close to other people.

94
Q

What are the symptoms of Tuberculosis

A

A persistent cough
Weight loss
High temperature

95
Q

How can you treat Tuberculosis

A

It takes a long time to treat TB
Doctors give patients very strong medicine that they must take correctly or they will never get better.
It can take many months to fully recover.
If TB is untreated, the person can die

96
Q

What does infectious mean

A

Spreads to other people easily

97
Q

What are eating utensils

A

Knife, fork, spoon

98
Q

What are germs

A

Tiny organisms that cause disease

99
Q

What are symptoms

A

Signs of an illness

100
Q

What is temperature

A

Measurement of heat and cold. If a person has a high temperature their body feels hot and they are sick

101
Q

What does untreated mean

A

Not treated

102
Q

What is HIV and AIDS

A

a sickness that weakens the body so that it can’t fight of diseases.

103
Q

What causes diarrhoea

A

You can catch germs from someone who is sick
If you don’t wash your hands after going to the toilet, you will spread germs
You can get sick if you drink or wash in dirty water
You will get sick if you eat food that is not fresh. Flies lay their eggs in food and this can make you very sick

104
Q

What is Cholera

A

It is a severe form of diarrhoea and you must see a doctor immediately

105
Q

What are the symptoms of diarrhoea

A 
Severe stomach cramps or pain
Constant upset stomach
Unable to keep food in your body for a very long time
Feeling sick or nauseous
A high Temperature
106
Q

How do you treat diarrhoea

A

Sip water as often as possible to try keep fluid in the body
Stop eating meats, diary and spicy foods
eat small amounts of apple, carrot, chicken soup, porridge and dry bread
rest as much a possible
Go the the clinic if it continues more than 24 hours

107
Q

What does dehydrated mean

A

When the body has lost fluids and becomes dried out.

108
Q

What is diarrhoea

A

It is when you have an upset stomach and need to go to the toilet often. You may also have stomach cramps and feel nauseous.

109
Q

Is diarrhoea dangerous

A

It is common to get diarrhoea occasionally. It is not dangerous if it lasts for 24 hours and then stops. If it does not stop is can be dangerous. Diarrhoea in small babies can be dangerous because their bodies their bodies are small and they can dehydrate quickly.

110
Q

How can diarrhoea be prevented

A

Always wash your hands after going to the toilet
Don’t eat food that is not fresh
Don’t swim or bath in water that is dirty
Don’t drink or cook in dirty water
Boil water to get rid of germs before drinking it.

111
Q

Are there natural remedies for diarrhoea

A

There are plants and herbs found in KwaZulu-Natal that can be used to treat diarrhoea .

112
Q

What is malaria

A

A sickness from the bite of a female mosquito

113
Q

What causes malaria

A

Mosquitoes can’t see well so find people by the heat of their bodies and from their smell. Mosquitoes prefer biting children to adults. Not all mosquitoes carry malaria but it’s important to protect yourself from mosquitoes.

114
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria

A

High fever and if you feel sick and can’t get out of bed

115
Q

What treatment is available for malaria

A

You need to stay in bed
That medicine to keep fever down
Drink plenty of clean water
Sometimes you might get put in hospital for a few days

116
Q

How can you prevent malaria

A

Don’t leave buckets, old tyres and any other containers lying around to collect water because mosquitoes will lay their eggs in the water.
You can also use mosquito nets at night and mosquito repellent.
Wear clothing that covers your arms and legs

117
Q

What is a mosquito net

A

A net that covers the bed or sleeping area and that prevents mosquitoes from getting through to bite people

118
Q

What is mosquito repellent

A

A cream or spray that mosquitoes don’t like, so they stay away

119
Q

What is David Beckham’s charity called

A

Malaria no more

120
Q

What is the goal of David Beckhams’s charity

A

To make sure people have mosquito nets to sleep under to prevent them being bitten by mosquitoes

121
Q

How many children die every year from malaria

A

1800 children

122
Q

What is measles

A

It is a sickness that start off with a cough, sore throat and a runny nose. Then spots appear inside the mouth and on the face. The spots spread throughout the body. Measles can make you very sick if not treated properly

123
Q

What should parents do to prevent measles

A

They should take their babies to the clinic to be vaccinated when they are nine months old and again when they are 18 months old.

124
Q

How does measles spread

A

It spreads through coughing, sneezing and sharing towels, plates, cups and eating utensils.

125
Q

What must you do when you have measles

A

Go to doctor for treatment
Drink plenty of water
Eat healthy food

126
Q

Who is the spokesperson for the City of Johannesburg

A

Nkosinathi Nkabinde

127
Q

List 5 symptoms of measles

A 
Fever
Rash
Runny nose
Red infected eyes
Cough
128
Q

List 5 damaging effects of measles

A 
Blindness
Deafness
Brain damage
Pneumonia
Death
129
Q

How many times must a child be vaccinated against measles and at what ages

A

two times at 9 months and 18 months

130
Q

What is substance abuse

A

Taking drugs or drinking unhealthy amounts of alcohol

131
Q

Why is drugs unhealthy

A

Because it can harm you body and brain.

132
Q

What are legal and illegal drugs

A

Legal drugs are drugs that you are allowed to consume

Illegal drugs are drugs that you are not allowed to consume

133
Q

Name some legal drugs

A

Alcohol (when you are over 18)
Medicines prescribed by a doctor
Over the counter medication (that does not need to be prescribed by a doctor)
Cough mixtures can be highly addictive because it contains codeine

134
Q

What is cough mixtures

A

medicine for a cough

135
Q

What is codeine

A

a pain killer also used in a cough mixture

136
Q

What does addictive mean

A

making you physically dependent on the substance

137
Q

Name some illegal drugs

A

Dagga or weed - drug make from a plant

Crack cocaine

138
Q

Why is dagga or weed dangerous

A

Because it damages the brain’s ability to remember and it can make some people violent and aggressive

139
Q

Why is crack cocaine dangerous

A

It is highly addictive and can result in a heart attack and strokes

140
Q

What is cocaine

A

It is a white powder made from dried leaves of the coca plant.

141
Q

Why do people drink alcohol and take drugs if it is so dangerous

A

Different drugs do different things to the mind and body.Some drugs make you feel sleepy and relaxed, other drugs make you feel energetic and powerful. People like these feelings but it can damage the brain and are very addictive

142
Q

Name 3 negative consequences of smoking

A

It wrinkles and ages your skin
It causes yellow teeth
It cause bad breath

143
Q

What does nicotine do to the body’s blood vessels and what is the result of this

A

It makes you blood vessels tighter so that the blood in your veins flows around your body less easily.

144
Q

Is cigarette smoking harmful

A

Yes because it can give you cancer and can give you a heart attack

145
Q

What is passive smoking

A

Inhaling other people’s smoke

146
Q

Why should pregnant and breastfeeding mothers not smoke

A

Because it will harm their babies

147
Q

What happens if people start drinking alcohol and abuse drugs when they are teenagers

A

They are 4 times more likely to develop a long-term dangerous addiction that will damage their bodies, brains and lives

148
Q

Names 9 things that is likely to happen to teenagers abusing drugs

A
  1. Fail at school
  2. Choose unhealthy relationships
  3. Have risky sexual relationships
  4. Be raped
  5. Abuse others
  6. Have car accidents
  7. steal
  8. Get into trouble with the law
  9. Suffer from depression
149
Q

Name the harmful effects of drugs on the body

A

Drugs damage the development of the brain
Drugs will damage different organs in the body like the liver
Inhaling substances or smoking cigarettes damages lungs and can cause lung disease
Cigarette smoking and inhaling substances damages the nose, throat and mouth.

150
Q

What is addiction

A

When you mind and body start to need a drug to work properly

151
Q

What everyday products can people also get addicted to

A

Glue
Aerosol sprays
Nail varnish

These products harm lungs, nose and sinuses.

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