Lifelines Of National Economy Flashcards
Efficient means of transport is a prerequisite for fast development. Justify. [3]
- some goods and services that are necessary must be brought from other places
- The movement of these goods and services from the supply to the demand locations necessitates the need for transport
- thus the pace of development of a country depends on both, production of goods and services as well as their movement over space
List the advantages of roadways over railways (7)
- Easily built and maintained
- Lower construction costs
- Can traverse undulating topography
- Can negotiate higher gradients of slopes
- Economical for the transport of few persons and goods over short distances
- Door to door services, thus reduced costs of loading and unloading
- Feeder service for other means of transport
What are the 6 types of roads in India?
- Golden quadrilateral super highways (Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai; srinagar-kanyakumari-silchar-porbander)
-national highways authority of India
-reduce time and distance between mega cities
-six lanes - National highways:
NH1: sher sha Suri marg
- connect extreme parts of the country
-central public works department - State Highways
-connect state capital with district headquarters
-state public works department - District roads
-district headquarters to other places
-zilla parishad - Other roads
-connect rural areas and villages with towns
- pradhan mantri grameen sadak yojana: all villages are connected to a town by an all season motorable road - Border roads
-Border Roads Organization
-1960 for the development of roads of the strategic importance of north and north east states
Improved accessibility and helped develop economy in these areas
Importance of railways [5]
- Principal mode of transport of freight and passengers
- Business, sightseeing, pilgrimage
- Transportation of goods over long distances
- Bind the economic life of the country
- Accelerate the development of industry and agriculture
Distribution of railways
Influenced by physiographic, economic and administrative factors
- Northern plains: vast level land, high population, rich agricultural resources- most favourable for their growth, However rivers required the construction of bridges across their beds
- Himalayan mountains: high relief, sparse population, lack of economic opportunities - too unfavourable
- Similar situations in sandy plains of Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of madhya pradesh and Jharkhand.
- The development of the Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in the most important economic region of India
Problems faced by railways (3)
- Travel without tickets
- Theft and damage of railway property
- Pull chains unnecessarily: damage to trains
What is pipeline used to transport?
- Water
- Crude oil
- Petroleum and natural gas
- Solids after being converted to slurry
Significance of pipeline transportation
- Allows the transport through far inland locations of refineries like Barauni, panipat and Mathura
- Minimal running costs despite high costs of laying
- Rules out trans shipment losses or delay
Important pipeline transport networks
1. Assam to Kanpur Via Guwahati-Barauni-Allahabad -Barauni to Haldia via Rajbandh -Rajbandh to Maurigram -Guwahati to Siliguri 2. Salaiya (Gujarat) to Jalandhar in Punjab Via Viramgam-Delhi-Sonipat -Koyali (near vadodara) -Chakshu 3. Hazira (gujarat) to Jagdishpur (UP) -via vijaipur(MP) -Kota -shajahanpur -Babrala
Importance of waterways (4)
- Cheapest
- Transport of bulky goods
- Fuel efficient
- Environment friendly
National waterways (5)
- Nw1: Ganga (Allahabad and Haldia)
- Nw2: brahmaputra (Sadiya and Dhubri)
- NW3: west coast canal in kerala
- NW4: Krishna, Godavari, Kakinada Puducherry
- NW5: Brahmani, Matai River, delta channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani and the East Coast canal
Inland waterways (6)
Mandavi Zuari Cumberja Sundarbans Barak Kerala
Kandla
- Kuchchh: first port after independence
- to ease volume of trade in Mumbai after losing 3. Karachi to Pakistan.
- Also called Deendayal.
- Tidal port
problems faced by road transportation
- unmetalled roads, difficulty in transport during the rainy season
- inadequate reach of national highways in many places
- high traffic congestion in roads and cities
- old and narrow tunnels connecting roads in many places
Mumbai Port
biggest port in India
spacious, natural and well sheltered harbor
the JN port in Uran- developed to decongest and serve as a hub port in northern Maharashtra
Marmagao
goa
premier iron export (50%)
New Mangalore
Iron Ore from Kudhremukh mines
Kochchi
extreme south western port
entrance of a lagoon with a natural harbor
Tuticorin
extreme south eastern port, Tamil Nadu
natural harbor; rich hinterland
cargo to SL, Maldives, and coastal regions of India
Chennai
oldest artificial port in India
second largest after Mumbai
Vizag or Vishakhapatnam
deepest land locked and well protected port
iron ore
Kolkata
inland riverine port
hinterland of Ganga-Brahmaputra basin
Tidal port- requires constant dredging of the Hoogly HOO lmao
Haldia
subsidiary port to relieve pressure in Kolkata
air travel advantages
most comfortable prestigious fastest covers difficult terrain most expensive (provisions in north east to make it available to common people)
post
- department of Post, ministry of communication and IT first class mail: post cards, envelopes, inland letter forms (airlifted) second class mail: book packets, newspapers and periodicals (land and water)
telecom:
- 24 hours subscriber trunk dialing available in every village to improve telephonic communication
- made possible due to integration of developments in space technology
mail:
6 channels: Rajdhani Metro green business bulk mail periodic
mobile telephones
idrc
television and radio
all india radio (aakashwani) and doordarshan (national tv channel) broadcast programs in national, regional and local languages for various categories
newspapers, periodicals and magazines
- newspapers in over 100 languages and dialects
- hindi, urdu and english newspapers are the largest
- periodicals and magazines can be published weekly, monthly etc
films
- India is the largest producer of feature films in the world
- the Central board of film certification is the authority to certify both Indian and foreign films
international trade
- trade is the exchange of goods among people, states and countries
- takes place in markets
- international trade takes place between two countries through land, air or sea and is considered the economic parameter for the country, and gives the idea of its prosperity
- export is the goods sent to other country, imports is the goods brought into the country for sale
- exports from India: agricultural produce; Gems and jewelry, engineering goods, petroleum products and minerals
imports to India: petrol and petroleum products
precious stones, chemicals, coal and coke, machinery
balance of trade
- difference between imports and exports
- value of exports>imports: favorable balance of trade
- imports>exports: unfavorable balance of trade
tourism as trade
- grown substantially over the last three decades
- promotes national integration
- support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits
- development of international understanding of our country
types of tourism : eco, heritage, adventure, cultural, medical and business
