Life Science for Teachers Final Flashcards
1
Q
What are the difference between monocots and dicots?
A
- Monocots~one cotyledons~ flower parts are 3 or multiples of 3~ veins are parallel~ pollen grain - 1 hole/ ridge~ been around the last 10,000 years~ came about when people started farming~ ex - corn, wheat, barely, rye, orchids, plums- Dicots~ 2 cotyledons~ flower parts are 4 or 5 or multiples of 4 or 5~ veins are net like~ 200,000+ species~ pollen grain - 3 holes/ ridges ~ been around much longer than moncots~ people were hunters and gatherers~ Ex - almost everything else
2
Q
What is a cotyledon?
A
- the part that grows out of the seed
3
Q
Why are angiosperms so successful?
A
- they package their seeds in fruits- reproductive structures (the flower)
4
Q
What are the 7 general characteristics of the Animalia Kingdom?
A
1) 30+ phyla2) all are multicellular (metazoa)3) cells form tissues except for sponges4) They are heterotrophs 5) They are diploid and reproduce sexually6) Life cycle7) Most are mobile at some point in life cycle
5
Q
What are Angiosperms?
A
Flowering Plants
6
Q
What is the Blastula?
A
the 3 derm layers in the body
7
Q
Why does angiosperms seeds benefit from being in fruit?
A
- the fruit protects them from drying out- dispersal - carried off by animals
8
Q
What are the 3 derm layers?
A
- ectoderm- mesoderm- endoderm
9
Q
How does the reproductive structures (the flower) attract animals?
A
- they “trick” the animal- animals want their nectar
10
Q
What is the ectoderm?
A
- the outer layer- skin, nerves
11
Q
What is the mesoderm
A
- the middle layer- muscle, bone
12
Q
What is the endoderm?
A
- the inner layer- tube from your throat to your anus (guts)
13
Q
What does it mean to be mobile?
A
to move under your own power
14
Q
What are the 2 major groups of angiosperms?
A
Monocots and Dicots
15
Q
How long has angiosperms dominated the Earth?
A
about 100 million years
16
Q
What are some examples of animals that are haploid and asexual?
A
- jelly fish- desert pup fish
17
Q
What is the life cycle?
A
egg ➡︎ zygote ➡︎ blastula ➡︎ embryo ➡︎ larva ➡︎ adult
18
Q
What are the 5 features to measure an animal’s complexity?
A
1) Body Symmetry2) Cephalization3) Type of Gut4) Type of Body Cavity5) Segmentation
19
Q
What does Cephalization mean?
A
having a head region
20
Q
What are the different kinds of body symmetry?
A
- asymmetrical- spherical- radial- bilateral
21
Q
Which body symmetry is most primitive animals?
A
- asymmetrical- ex: sponge
22
Q
What is asymmetrical?
A
having parts that fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement.
23
Q
What is spherical?
A
to be round, shaped like a sphere.
24
Q
What is radial?
A
-flat, like a pancake- ex: sand dollar
25
What is bilateral?
- to have mirror symmetry- every animal that is bilateral has a head
26
What are the 2 types of guts?
- incomplete- complete
27
What's the difference between the 2 types (incomplete and complete) of guts?
- incomplete has 1 opening (mouth)- complete has 2 openings (mouth and anus)
28
What are the different types of body cavity?
- Acoelomate- Pseudocoelomate- Eucoelomate
29
What is Acoelomate?
- no body cavity- no coelom- packed with mesoderm- ectoderm on the outside / gut through middle- first animals to have true muscle- no organs
30
What is Pseudocoelomate?
- lined on one side with mesoderm- organs don't require a lot of blood
31
What is Eucoelomate?
- lined on both sides with mesoderm
32
Are people segmented?
yes
33
What are Somites?
They form appendages
34
Is it more important to be segmented or non segmented?
segmented
35
What is the Phylum Porifera?
- a pore bearing animal (and animal filled with holes)- ex: sponges- their cells do not produce tissues
36
What does Coelom mean?
body cavity
37
What phylum is the most primitive one?
Phylum Porifera
38
What animal is an example for the Phylum Porifera?
Sponges
39
What is the common characteristic of the Phylum Porifera?
- they are pore bearing animals- their cells don't form tissues- no symmetry- no gut- no coelom- no segments
40
What are Spicules?
small skeletal elements found in sea sponges
41
What are the some characteristics of Sponges?
- they cannot move- their larvae can move/ float- no symmetry- no gut- no coelom- no segmentation
42
Which phylum was the first to walk?
Phylum Cnidaria
43
What is an example of Phylum Cnidaria?
Hydrozoans, Jellyfish, Corals, Sea Anemone
44
What are some characteristics of the Phylum Cnidaria?
1) Entirely Aquatic (mainly in the ocean)2) Radial Symmetry3) 2 Basic Body Types4) Diploblastic5) Nematocyst6) Nerve Net but no CNS (Central Nervous System)7) Both Sexual (medusae) and Asexual (polyp)
45
What are the 2 basic body types of the phylum cnidaria?
- polyp stage (2N)- medusa stage (N)
46
What is diploblastic?
to have an endoderm and an ectoderm
47
What is a Nematocyst?
- specialized stinging cells- allows animals with no head or brain to eat animals with a head or brain- can fire from up to 50ft away
48
What are the 3 classes of Phylum Cnidaria?
- Class Hydrozoa - Hydra, Portuguese Man 'O' War- Class Scyphozoa - Jellyfish- Class Anthozoa - Corals, Sea Anemones
49
Which animal of the Phylum Cnidaria doesn't have a medusa stage?
Corals
50
Which Phylum was was the first to fight for mates and hunt for food?
Phylum Platyhelminthes
51
What is an example of Phylum Platyhelminthes?
Roundworms
52
What are some characteristics of the Phylum Platyhelminthes?
- they have mesoderm (gives rise to muscle)
53
What are the 3 classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes?
- Class Turbellaria - Planaria- Class Trematoda - flukes- Class Cestoda - Tapeworms/ Lingula
54
Describe Planaria.
- free living; does not need a host
55
In what 2 ways does the Planaria move?
- Cilia- Flame Cells
56
Where do tapeworms live?
in the intestines
57
Describe tapeworms.
- can get up to 60ft long- only need a reproductive system- made up of units not segments- each unit is capable of producing thousands of eggs
58
What is Lingula?
- broadfish tapeworm- kills fish by asphyxiation
59
Which Phylum is the 1st to have a complete gut and be pseudocoelom?
Phylum Nematoda (non-segmented roundworms)
60
What are some characteristics of the Phylum Nematoda?
- mainly has a reproductive system- coelum is packed full of water (hydrostatic skeleton)- not very diverse, but very abundant - burrows into everything/ lives everywhere- saprobe - eats dead or dying organisms- coprozoic - lives in and eat their way out of fecal matter
61
What are the 4 genesis species of Nematodes?
- Ascaris Lumbriocoides - human roundworm- Nectar Americanus - hookworm- Enterobins Vermicularis - pinworm- Wuchereria Bancrofti - elephantiasis
62
What are the 8 animal phylums?
1) Porifera2) Cnidaria3) Platyhelminthes4) Nematodes5) Rotifera6) Annelida7) Mollusca8) Arthropoda
63
What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Porifera?
1) No symmetry2) Not Cephalized3) No Gut4) Acoelomate5) Not Segmented
64
What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Cnidaria?
1) Radial2) Not Cephalized3) Incomplete gut4) Acoelomate5) Non-segmented
65
What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Platyhelminthes?
1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Incomplete gut4) Acoelomate5) Non-segmented
66
What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Nematodes?
1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Complete gut4) Pseudocoelum5) Non-segmented
67
What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Rotifera?
1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Complete gut4) Pseudocoelum5) Non-segmented
68
What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Annelida?
1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Complete gut4) Eucoelomate5) Segmented
69
What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Mollusca?
1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Complete gut4) Eucoelomate5) Segmented
70
What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Arthropoda?
1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Complete gut4) Eucoelomate5) Segmented
71
Where is the Ascaris Lumbriocoides found?
In the intestines of humans
72
What kind of damage could the Lumbriocoides do?
They can cause intestinal blockage
73
Where is the Necator Americanus usually found?
- In the Southern United States- In the soil
74
How do the Necator Americanus get into humans?
They burrow into feet
75
Where do Necator Americanus stay in humans?
They migrate to where veins are the thinnest
76
What can be expelled from the human body by coughing it out of the lungs?
Necator Americanus
77
What can the Ascaris Lumbriocoides do that may cause death in humans?
They can cut the gut and live in the body cavity
78
What do Necator American feed on?
Red Blood Cells
79
What symptoms does the Necator Americanus cause in humans?
Anemia, fatigue
80
Which worm is the most common and contagious, but benign?
Enterobius Vermicularis (very easy to treat)
81
Describe how the Enterobius Vermicularis lays their eggs.
The come out of the anus (usually a child) at night when they are still to lay their eggs. The child then may scratch and put their hand in our near their mouth and the eggs passes through to the gut and the cycle starts all over.
82
What does the Wuchaeria Bancroft cause?
Elephantiasis
83
How is the Wucheria Bancroft carried to a host?
By a mosquito
84
How does the Wucheria Bancroft cause elephantiasis in the human body?
It gets into the nymph system and blocks it up which causes swelling.
85
What animal is an example of the Phylum Rotifera?
Rotifers
86
How do Rotifers reproduce?
The males are much smaller than the female. The male swims into the female's reproductive system and then dissolves except for the testes.
87
What animal is an example of the Phylum Annelida?
Segmented Roundworms - earthworms, marine worms, leeches
88
What 3 classes does the Annelida include?
1) Class Polychaeta (many bristles )2) Class Oligochaeta (few bristles) - earthworms3) Class Hirundina - Leeches
89
What does earthworms do for the soil?
They airate it
90
What feature helps the earthworms and leeches reproduce?
They are hermaphrodite
91
What kind of animals are included in the Phylum Mollusca?
Soft bodied animal
92
What are some unique features of the Mollusca?
- They have a head, foot, and most have a shell- They have a mantle and radula
93
What secretes the shell?
Mantle
94
What is a rasping tongue use for feeding?
Radula
95
What are the 3 classes for Mollusca?
1) Class Gastropoda - snails, sea slugs (nudibranchs), slugs2) Class Bivalves - clams, oysters, scallops, mussels3) Class Cephalopod - Octopus, cuttle fish, squid
96
What does Gastropoda mean?
Stomach foot
97
What does Cephalopod mean?
Head foot
98
What does nudibranch mean?
naked gills
99
How does snails move?
Flexion, torsion
100
What does flexion mean?
Bent
101
What does Torsion meant?
Twisted
102
What does fouling mean?
Anus over lungs/ gills
103
What are some characteristics of Bivalves?
-filter feeders- if rock irritates it, it turns it into a pearl
104
What are some characteristics of Cephalopods?
- ultra fast predators - has tentacles instead of feet- has a closed circulatory systemvery smart
105
What does the ink in an octopus do?
It keeps predators from smelling it.
106
Which Phylum contains 75% - 80% of all animal species?
Phylum Arthropoda
107
What are the 6 reasons the Phylum Arthropoda are so successful?
1) Advance Form of all 5 Traits2) External Skeleton3) Modified Specialized Segments4) High Metabolism and Movement5) Acute Senses and Complex Behavior6) Metamorphosis in Many
108
What is the External Skeleton?
Its a light and strong skeleton that is waterproof and made out of chitin.
109
What are a couple draw backs of an external skeleton?
- has to be flexible at the joints- has to molt in order to grow
110
What are Modified Specialized Segments?
- The body divided into 2 or 3 parts depending on the class- Insects - head, thorax, abdomen- Spiders/ Crustaceans - cephalothorax, abdomen- Thorax - where legs and wings are located- Head - Where the mouth and antenna are located- abdomen - reproductive structure, crustaceans use to swim
111
What is the High Metabolism and Movement?
- Insects - have a Trachae -have an open circulatory system (organs get oxygen through the air, not blood)- Spiders - Book lunges
112
What are the Acute Senses and Complex Behavior?
- gives off pheromone by the abdomen to attract a mate- compound eyes - several thousand eyes that can detect movement- Complex behavior - 1st animals to have social behavior
113
How does Metamorphosis help?
- it gives them a survival advantage- can have more offspring because they live in different areas- does not compete with offspring
114
What are the 5 classes of the Phylum Arthropod?
1) Chilopoda 2) Diploda3) Crustacea4) Arachnida5) Insecta
115
What is an example and characteristics of Class Chilopoda?
- Centipedes- 1 pair of legs per segment- predators- located under stuff- poisonous
116
What is an example and characteristic of Class Diploda?
- millipedes- grazers - eat plant material- hard exoskeleton- rolls up when picked up- smells like almonds / cherries- gives off cyanide gas
117
What is an example and characteristics of Class Crustacea?
- crab, lobster, crayfish, barnacles, sowbugs (rollie pollies), copepods (zooplankton)- head and thorax are fused- 2 pairs of antenna - Barnacles- make their own cement to stick
118
What is an example and characteristic of Class Arachnida?
- spiders, tick, mites, scorpions, horseshoe crabs- small head- head and thorax fused together- 4 pairs of legs- no antenna- keeps insect population down- has 6 major pairs of appendages: chelicerae (fangs), 4 pairs of walking legs, spinnerette (web)
119
What is the study of insects called?
Entomology
120
Who wrote a 17 volume monograph on ants and what new science did he discover?
- E O Wilson- Bio-geography
121
What characteristics does Class Insecta have?
- 3 pairs of legs- 2 pairs of wings- light body/ high metabolism- Metamorphosis
122
What is Holomatabolus?
- butterflies- egg - larva- pupa - adult - butterflies
123
What is Hemimatabalus?
egg- nymph - nymph molts several times - adult - mayflies
124
What is Direct Development?
get bigger and bigger, does not change- silverfish
125
Which metamorphosis is most common?
Holomatabolus
