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Group study > Life Science for Teachers Final > Flashcards

Life Science for Teachers Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the difference between monocots and dicots?

A
  • Monocots~one cotyledons~ flower parts are 3 or multiples of 3~ veins are parallel~ pollen grain - 1 hole/ ridge~ been around the last 10,000 years~ came about when people started farming~ ex - corn, wheat, barely, rye, orchids, plums- Dicots~ 2 cotyledons~ flower parts are 4 or 5 or multiples of 4 or 5~ veins are net like~ 200,000+ species~ pollen grain - 3 holes/ ridges ~ been around much longer than moncots~ people were hunters and gatherers~ Ex - almost everything else
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2
Q

What is a cotyledon?

A
  • the part that grows out of the seed
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3
Q

Why are angiosperms so successful?

A
  • they package their seeds in fruits- reproductive structures (the flower)
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4
Q

What are the 7 general characteristics of the Animalia Kingdom?

A

1) 30+ phyla2) all are multicellular (metazoa)3) cells form tissues except for sponges4) They are heterotrophs 5) They are diploid and reproduce sexually6) Life cycle7) Most are mobile at some point in life cycle

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5
Q

What are Angiosperms?

A

Flowering Plants

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6
Q

What is the Blastula?

A

the 3 derm layers in the body

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7
Q

Why does angiosperms seeds benefit from being in fruit?

A
  • the fruit protects them from drying out- dispersal - carried off by animals
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8
Q

What are the 3 derm layers?

A
  • ectoderm- mesoderm- endoderm
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9
Q

How does the reproductive structures (the flower) attract animals?

A
  • they “trick” the animal- animals want their nectar
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10
Q

What is the ectoderm?

A
  • the outer layer- skin, nerves
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11
Q

What is the mesoderm

A
  • the middle layer- muscle, bone
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12
Q

What is the endoderm?

A
  • the inner layer- tube from your throat to your anus (guts)
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13
Q

What does it mean to be mobile?

A

to move under your own power

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14
Q

What are the 2 major groups of angiosperms?

A

Monocots and Dicots

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15
Q

How long has angiosperms dominated the Earth?

A

about 100 million years

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16
Q

What are some examples of animals that are haploid and asexual?

A
  • jelly fish- desert pup fish
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17
Q

What is the life cycle?

A

egg ➡︎ zygote ➡︎ blastula ➡︎ embryo ➡︎ larva ➡︎ adult

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18
Q

What are the 5 features to measure an animal’s complexity?

A

1) Body Symmetry2) Cephalization3) Type of Gut4) Type of Body Cavity5) Segmentation

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19
Q

What does Cephalization mean?

A

having a head region

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20
Q

What are the different kinds of body symmetry?

A
  • asymmetrical- spherical- radial- bilateral
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21
Q

Which body symmetry is most primitive animals?

A
  • asymmetrical- ex: sponge
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22
Q

What is asymmetrical?

A

having parts that fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement.

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23
Q

What is spherical?

A

to be round, shaped like a sphere.

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24
Q

What is radial?

A

-flat, like a pancake- ex: sand dollar

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25
Q

What is bilateral?

A
  • to have mirror symmetry- every animal that is bilateral has a head
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26
Q

What are the 2 types of guts?

A
  • incomplete- complete
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27
Q

What’s the difference between the 2 types (incomplete and complete) of guts?

A
  • incomplete has 1 opening (mouth)- complete has 2 openings (mouth and anus)
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28
Q

What are the different types of body cavity?

A
  • Acoelomate- Pseudocoelomate- Eucoelomate
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29
Q

What is Acoelomate?

A
  • no body cavity- no coelom- packed with mesoderm- ectoderm on the outside / gut through middle- first animals to have true muscle- no organs
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30
Q

What is Pseudocoelomate?

A
  • lined on one side with mesoderm- organs don’t require a lot of blood
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31
Q

What is Eucoelomate?

A
  • lined on both sides with mesoderm
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32
Q

Are people segmented?

A

yes

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33
Q

What are Somites?

A

They form appendages

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34
Q

Is it more important to be segmented or non segmented?

A

segmented

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35
Q

What is the Phylum Porifera?

A
  • a pore bearing animal (and animal filled with holes)- ex: sponges- their cells do not produce tissues
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36
Q

What does Coelom mean?

A

body cavity

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37
Q

What phylum is the most primitive one?

A

Phylum Porifera

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38
Q

What animal is an example for the Phylum Porifera?

A

Sponges

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39
Q

What is the common characteristic of the Phylum Porifera?

A
  • they are pore bearing animals- their cells don’t form tissues- no symmetry- no gut- no coelom- no segments
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40
Q

What are Spicules?

A

small skeletal elements found in sea sponges

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41
Q

What are the some characteristics of Sponges?

A
  • they cannot move- their larvae can move/ float- no symmetry- no gut- no coelom- no segmentation
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42
Q

Which phylum was the first to walk?

A

Phylum Cnidaria

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43
Q

What is an example of Phylum Cnidaria?

A

Hydrozoans, Jellyfish, Corals, Sea Anemone

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44
Q

What are some characteristics of the Phylum Cnidaria?

A

1) Entirely Aquatic (mainly in the ocean)2) Radial Symmetry3) 2 Basic Body Types4) Diploblastic5) Nematocyst6) Nerve Net but no CNS (Central Nervous System)7) Both Sexual (medusae) and Asexual (polyp)

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45
Q

What are the 2 basic body types of the phylum cnidaria?

A
  • polyp stage (2N)- medusa stage (N)
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46
Q

What is diploblastic?

A

to have an endoderm and an ectoderm

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47
Q

What is a Nematocyst?

A
  • specialized stinging cells- allows animals with no head or brain to eat animals with a head or brain- can fire from up to 50ft away
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48
Q

What are the 3 classes of Phylum Cnidaria?

A
  • Class Hydrozoa - Hydra, Portuguese Man ‘O’ War- Class Scyphozoa - Jellyfish- Class Anthozoa - Corals, Sea Anemones
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49
Q

Which animal of the Phylum Cnidaria doesn’t have a medusa stage?

A

Corals

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50
Q

Which Phylum was was the first to fight for mates and hunt for food?

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

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51
Q

What is an example of Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A

Roundworms

52
Q

What are some characteristics of the Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A
  • they have mesoderm (gives rise to muscle)
53
Q

What are the 3 classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A
  • Class Turbellaria - Planaria- Class Trematoda - flukes- Class Cestoda - Tapeworms/ Lingula
54
Q

Describe Planaria.

A
  • free living; does not need a host
55
Q

In what 2 ways does the Planaria move?

A
  • Cilia- Flame Cells
56
Q

Where do tapeworms live?

A

in the intestines

57
Q

Describe tapeworms.

A
  • can get up to 60ft long- only need a reproductive system- made up of units not segments- each unit is capable of producing thousands of eggs
58
Q

What is Lingula?

A
  • broadfish tapeworm- kills fish by asphyxiation
59
Q

Which Phylum is the 1st to have a complete gut and be pseudocoelom?

A

Phylum Nematoda (non-segmented roundworms)

60
Q

What are some characteristics of the Phylum Nematoda?

A
  • mainly has a reproductive system- coelum is packed full of water (hydrostatic skeleton)- not very diverse, but very abundant - burrows into everything/ lives everywhere- saprobe - eats dead or dying organisms- coprozoic - lives in and eat their way out of fecal matter
61
Q

What are the 4 genesis species of Nematodes?

A
  • Ascaris Lumbriocoides - human roundworm- Nectar Americanus - hookworm- Enterobins Vermicularis - pinworm- Wuchereria Bancrofti - elephantiasis
62
Q

What are the 8 animal phylums?

A

1) Porifera2) Cnidaria3) Platyhelminthes4) Nematodes5) Rotifera6) Annelida7) Mollusca8) Arthropoda

63
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Porifera?

A

1) No symmetry2) Not Cephalized3) No Gut4) Acoelomate5) Not Segmented

64
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Cnidaria?

A

1) Radial2) Not Cephalized3) Incomplete gut4) Acoelomate5) Non-segmented

65
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A

1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Incomplete gut4) Acoelomate5) Non-segmented

66
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Nematodes?

A

1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Complete gut4) Pseudocoelum5) Non-segmented

67
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Rotifera?

A

1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Complete gut4) Pseudocoelum5) Non-segmented

68
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Annelida?

A

1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Complete gut4) Eucoelomate5) Segmented

69
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Mollusca?

A

1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Complete gut4) Eucoelomate5) Segmented

70
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of the Phylum Arthropoda?

A

1) Bilateral2) Cephalized3) Complete gut4) Eucoelomate5) Segmented

71
Q

Where is the Ascaris Lumbriocoides found?

A

In the intestines of humans

72
Q

What kind of damage could the Lumbriocoides do?

A

They can cause intestinal blockage

73
Q

Where is the Necator Americanus usually found?

A
  • In the Southern United States- In the soil
74
Q

How do the Necator Americanus get into humans?

A

They burrow into feet

75
Q

Where do Necator Americanus stay in humans?

A

They migrate to where veins are the thinnest

76
Q

What can be expelled from the human body by coughing it out of the lungs?

A

Necator Americanus

77
Q

What can the Ascaris Lumbriocoides do that may cause death in humans?

A

They can cut the gut and live in the body cavity

78
Q

What do Necator American feed on?

A

Red Blood Cells

79
Q

What symptoms does the Necator Americanus cause in humans?

A

Anemia, fatigue

80
Q

Which worm is the most common and contagious, but benign?

A

Enterobius Vermicularis (very easy to treat)

81
Q

Describe how the Enterobius Vermicularis lays their eggs.

A

The come out of the anus (usually a child) at night when they are still to lay their eggs. The child then may scratch and put their hand in our near their mouth and the eggs passes through to the gut and the cycle starts all over.

82
Q

What does the Wuchaeria Bancroft cause?

A

Elephantiasis

83
Q

How is the Wucheria Bancroft carried to a host?

A

By a mosquito

84
Q

How does the Wucheria Bancroft cause elephantiasis in the human body?

A

It gets into the nymph system and blocks it up which causes swelling.

85
Q

What animal is an example of the Phylum Rotifera?

A

Rotifers

86
Q

How do Rotifers reproduce?

A

The males are much smaller than the female. The male swims into the female’s reproductive system and then dissolves except for the testes.

87
Q

What animal is an example of the Phylum Annelida?

A

Segmented Roundworms - earthworms, marine worms, leeches

88
Q

What 3 classes does the Annelida include?

A

1) Class Polychaeta (many bristles )2) Class Oligochaeta (few bristles) - earthworms3) Class Hirundina - Leeches

89
Q

What does earthworms do for the soil?

A

They airate it

90
Q

What feature helps the earthworms and leeches reproduce?

A

They are hermaphrodite

91
Q

What kind of animals are included in the Phylum Mollusca?

A

Soft bodied animal

92
Q

What are some unique features of the Mollusca?

A
  • They have a head, foot, and most have a shell- They have a mantle and radula
93
Q

What secretes the shell?

A

Mantle

94
Q

What is a rasping tongue use for feeding?

A

Radula

95
Q

What are the 3 classes for Mollusca?

A

1) Class Gastropoda - snails, sea slugs (nudibranchs), slugs2) Class Bivalves - clams, oysters, scallops, mussels3) Class Cephalopod - Octopus, cuttle fish, squid

96
Q

What does Gastropoda mean?

A

Stomach foot

97
Q

What does Cephalopod mean?

A

Head foot

98
Q

What does nudibranch mean?

A

naked gills

99
Q

How does snails move?

A

Flexion, torsion

100
Q

What does flexion mean?

A

Bent

101
Q

What does Torsion meant?

A

Twisted

102
Q

What does fouling mean?

A

Anus over lungs/ gills

103
Q

What are some characteristics of Bivalves?

A

-filter feeders- if rock irritates it, it turns it into a pearl

104
Q

What are some characteristics of Cephalopods?

A
  • ultra fast predators - has tentacles instead of feet- has a closed circulatory systemvery smart
105
Q

What does the ink in an octopus do?

A

It keeps predators from smelling it.

106
Q

Which Phylum contains 75% - 80% of all animal species?

A

Phylum Arthropoda

107
Q

What are the 6 reasons the Phylum Arthropoda are so successful?

A

1) Advance Form of all 5 Traits2) External Skeleton3) Modified Specialized Segments4) High Metabolism and Movement5) Acute Senses and Complex Behavior6) Metamorphosis in Many

108
Q

What is the External Skeleton?

A

Its a light and strong skeleton that is waterproof and made out of chitin.

109
Q

What are a couple draw backs of an external skeleton?

A
  • has to be flexible at the joints- has to molt in order to grow
110
Q

What are Modified Specialized Segments?

A
  • The body divided into 2 or 3 parts depending on the class- Insects - head, thorax, abdomen- Spiders/ Crustaceans - cephalothorax, abdomen- Thorax - where legs and wings are located- Head - Where the mouth and antenna are located- abdomen - reproductive structure, crustaceans use to swim
111
Q

What is the High Metabolism and Movement?

A
  • Insects - have a Trachae -have an open circulatory system (organs get oxygen through the air, not blood)- Spiders - Book lunges
112
Q

What are the Acute Senses and Complex Behavior?

A
  • gives off pheromone by the abdomen to attract a mate- compound eyes - several thousand eyes that can detect movement- Complex behavior - 1st animals to have social behavior
113
Q

How does Metamorphosis help?

A
  • it gives them a survival advantage- can have more offspring because they live in different areas- does not compete with offspring
114
Q

What are the 5 classes of the Phylum Arthropod?

A

1) Chilopoda 2) Diploda3) Crustacea4) Arachnida5) Insecta

115
Q

What is an example and characteristics of Class Chilopoda?

A
  • Centipedes- 1 pair of legs per segment- predators- located under stuff- poisonous
116
Q

What is an example and characteristic of Class Diploda?

A
  • millipedes- grazers - eat plant material- hard exoskeleton- rolls up when picked up- smells like almonds / cherries- gives off cyanide gas
117
Q

What is an example and characteristics of Class Crustacea?

A
  • crab, lobster, crayfish, barnacles, sowbugs (rollie pollies), copepods (zooplankton)- head and thorax are fused- 2 pairs of antenna - Barnacles- make their own cement to stick
118
Q

What is an example and characteristic of Class Arachnida?

A
  • spiders, tick, mites, scorpions, horseshoe crabs- small head- head and thorax fused together- 4 pairs of legs- no antenna- keeps insect population down- has 6 major pairs of appendages: chelicerae (fangs), 4 pairs of walking legs, spinnerette (web)
119
Q

What is the study of insects called?

A

Entomology

120
Q

Who wrote a 17 volume monograph on ants and what new science did he discover?

A
  • E O Wilson- Bio-geography
121
Q

What characteristics does Class Insecta have?

A
  • 3 pairs of legs- 2 pairs of wings- light body/ high metabolism- Metamorphosis
122
Q

What is Holomatabolus?

A
  • butterflies- egg - larva- pupa - adult - butterflies
123
Q

What is Hemimatabalus?

A

egg- nymph - nymph molts several times - adult - mayflies

124
Q

What is Direct Development?

A

get bigger and bigger, does not change- silverfish

125
Q

Which metamorphosis is most common?

A

Holomatabolus

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