Life Science Flashcards
1) What organelle functions to isolate a human cell’s chromosomes from the cytoplasm?
Nucleus
2) What is the primary oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin
Description:
Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. Hemoglobin is made up of four protein molecules (globulin chains) that are connected together.
3) How many permanent teeth does a typical adult human have?
32
4) How many canine teeth does the typical human adult have?
4
5) Most of the heart is composed of which of the following types of tissues:
W) epithelial
X) connective
Y) nervous
Z) muscle
Z) Muscle
6) In the taxonomical name Homo sapiens, what taxonomical rank does sapiens represent?
Species
7) What is generally considered the basic unit of life?
The cell
8) In what organelle of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
Description:
Photosynthesis takes place inside plant cells in small things called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts (mostly found in the mesophyll layer) contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Below are the other parts of the cell that work with the chloroplast to make photosynthesis happen.
9) What is the scientific name for the white of a cooked egg?
Albumin
10) What term is generally used for biological catalysts?
Enzymes
11) How many limbs are tetrapods typically considered to have?
4
12) Which of the following is the most common source of energy for brain cells in humans:
W) nucleic acids
X) proteins
Y) glucose
Z) pectins
Y) glucose
13) What is the ultimate energy source for nearly all life on Earth?
The sun
14) What is the environmental factor most directly involved in phototropism?
Sunlight
15) What is the scientific name of the human windpipe?
Trachea
16) The organ of Corti is directly involved in what human sense?
Hearing
17) Which of the following is the closest synonym for motile:
W) having a motor
X) using energy
Y) able to move
Z) living in water
Y) able to move
18) Which of the following terms is used by microbiologists for a bacterium with a rod shape:
W) tubular
X) bacillus
Y) trichome
Z) cylindrical
X) bacillus
19) What is the common name of the members of the Class Aves?
Birds
20) What is the most common term for the biological polymer found in chromosomes that stores genetic information?
DNA
Description:
DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things. All known cellular life and some viruses contain DNA. The main role of DNA in the cell is the long-term storage of information.
21) Inside what human cell organelle does replication of the chromosomal DNA in preparation for mitosis occur?
Nucleus
22) What specific structure is most directly responsible for the motility of bacteria?
Flagella
Description:
Flagella are whip-like structures protruding from the bacterial cell wall and are responsible for bacterial motility (i.e. movement). The arrangement of flagella about the bacterial cell is unique to the species observed.
23) If an animal has 42 chromosomes in its normal, non-gamete or somatic cells, what term would be given to the gametes that have 21 chromosomes:
W) somatic
X) unigentic
Y) haploid
Z) solitary
Y) haploid
24) What is the most common term for the symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed?
Parasitism
Description:
😊😊 | Mutualism | Example: Clownfish 😊 & Sea anemone 😊
😊😑 | Commensalism | Example: Whale 😑 & Barnacle 😊
😊😖 | Parasitism | Example: Dog 😖 & Tick 😊
25) What is the most common term for the type of symbiosis where one organism benefits and the other is neither significantly harmed nor helped by the interaction?
Commensalism
Description:
😊😊 | Mutualism | Example: Clownfish 😊 & Sea anemone 😊
😊😑 | Commensalism | Example: Whale 😑 & Barnacle 😊
😊😖 | Parasitism | Example: Dog 😖 & Tick 😊
26) What is the scientific term for the biting structures of spiders?
Chelicera
27) In what structure of a nucleated cell are ribosomes assembled into their subunits?
Nucleolus
28) Which of the following is part of the nephron in the kidney:
W) islet cells (EY-let)
X) ureter
Y) amygdala (ah-MIG-dih-la)
Z) glomerulus (glow-MAIR-you-lus)
Z) glomerulus (glow-MAIR-you-lus)
29) The human body is most commonly described as having what type of symmetry?
Bilateral
30) In which of the following places would meiosis most likely occur in a mammal:
W) skin
X) liver
Y) heart
Z) ovary
Z) ovary
31) What are the most common names of the gametes produced by a human male and female, respectively?
Male = sperm Female = egg
32) What anatomical structures in humans function by connecting muscles to bones?
Tendons
33) What is the light-yellow fluid that makes up the fluid portion of normal circulating human blood?
Plasma
34) Most biological catalysts are:
W) proteins
X) vitamins
Y) carbohydrates
Z) lipids
W) proteins
35) Which of the following best describes a bacteriophage:
W) a bacterial virus
X) a stage in the development of most bacteria
Y) the release of disease-causing bacteria from a host organism
Z) a very small bacteria
W) a bacterial virus
36) Which of the following plants is sometimes called a fiddlehead when it is immature:
W) maple tree
X) tulip
Y) moss
Z) fern
Z) fern
37) Name all of the following 4 groups of animals that are reptiles: lizards; snakes; frogs; crocodiles
Lizards; Snakes; Crocodiles
38) How many pairs of walking legs do spiders have?
4
39) Name all of the following 4 organisms that are bivalves: squid; clams; snails; mussels
Clams; Mussels
40) Which of the following is NOT a structure found in human cells:
W) mitochondrion
X) cell wall
Y) lysosome
Z) peroxisome
X) cell wall
41) Which of the following is closest to the meaning of intercellular (in-TER-cellular):
W) from within cells
X) between cells
Y) inside of cells
Z) underneath cells
X) between cells
42) What is the name of the blood vessels in vertebrate bodies where most of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs?
Capillaries
43) What specific part of the human brain is most responsible for regulating body temperature?
Hypothalamus
44) Which of the following describes the shape of a bacterial pilus:
W) a solid sphere
X) a cuboidal shaped cell
Y) a thin tube
Z) a helical thick solid fiber
Y) a thin tube
45) Name all of the following 4 groups of plants that are legumes: peas; rice; soybeans; peanuts
Peas; Soybeans; Peanuts
46) Which of the following is the location of the human thymus gland:
W) upper chest
X) inguinal canal
Y) abdomen
Z) brain
W) upper chest
47) What is the most common globular protein in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin
48) Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotes:
W) DNA
X) RNA
Y) ribosomes
Z) golgi
Z) golgi
49) Name all of the following 4 groups of organisms that are insects: flies; beetles; crayfish; moths
Flies; Beetles; Moths
50) Which of the following anatomical structures is missing in the hagfish:
W) heart
X) brain
Y) notocord
Z) jaw
Z) jaw
51) Name all of the following 4 organisms that are echinoderms: squid; snails; starfish; lobsters
Squid; Snails; Lobsters
52) What is the most common term used for the biological process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form readily available for use in organisms?
Nitrogen fixation
Description:
Nitrogen fixation is a process by which molecular nitrogen in the air is converted into ammonia NH3 or related nitrogenous compounds in soil
53) Which of the following groups of organisms is most commonly associated with the ability to fix nitrogen:
W) plants
X) animals
Y) plants and animals
Z) bacteria
Z) bacteria
54) Which of the following is a lipid:
W) lipase
X) myoglobin
Y) trypsin
Z) corn oil
Z) corn oil
55) Which of the following organisms contains the most chitin (KYE-tin) by percent of body weight:
W) leopard
X) ant
Y) squid
Z) whale
X) ant
56) What parts of a flower make up the corolla?
Petals
Description:
They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. Together, all of the petals of a flower are called a corolla. Petals are usually accompanied by another set of special leaves called sepals, that collectively form the calyx and lie just beneath the corolla.
57) Name all of the following 4 plants that have male and female flowers on the same plant: apple tree; tomato; maple tree; pumpkin
All
58) How many chambers does the heart of a shark have?
2
59) Name all of the following 4 groups of organisms in which mitosis occurs: birds; reptiles; mollusks; bacteria
Birds; Reptiles; Mollusks
60) Which of the following anatomical structures do sharks NOT possess:
W) gill covers or opercula
X) lateral lines
Y) cartilaginous skeletons
Z) livers
W) gill covers or opercula
61) What scientist is sometimes considered the father of genetics because of his extensive studies on the patterns of inheritance?
Gregor Mendel
62) How many phalanges are in a human thumb?
2
63) Which of the following terms is most often used to describe a biochemical reaction where the forward reaction is at the same rate as the reverse reaction:
W) isothermic
X) isotropic
Y) equilibrium
Z) homeotropic
Y) equilibrium
64) In which of the following areas of the human body is the frontal bone found:
W) pelvis
X) spine
Y) shoulder
Z) head
Z) head
65) In which of the following areas of the human body is the ileum bone found:
W) pelvis
X) wrist
Y) shoulder
Z) head
W) pelvis
66) In what organelle do parenchymal (PAR-en-KYM-al) cells store most of a plant’s cellular fluid?
Vacuole
67) Name all of the following 3 groups of plants that have no xylem: mosses; ferns; conifers
Mosses
68) What glands of the human body are most responsible for producing what is sometimes called the stress hormone cortisol?
Adrenals
69) Which of the following terms do biologists most often use to describe animals that do not move by their own design or effort:
W) saprophytic
X) instar
Y) motile
Z) sessile
Z) sessile
70) What is the base nucleotide to which adenine binds on its opposing strand in DNA?
Thymine
71) What anatomical structure in boney fish allows them to adjust their buoyancy and stay afloat without swimming?
Swim bladder
72) What is the most common name for the fluid in a spider that serves a similar function to blood invertebrates?
Haemolymph
73) What organelle with attached ribosomes is most directly responsible for the translation of proteins destined to be transported out of the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
74) Name all of the following 4 functional groups that are found in all amino acids: carboxyl; ketone; amino; phosphate
Carboxyl; Amino
Description:
O
//
Carboxyl C
\
OH
H
\
Amino N
/
H
75) What is the most common name of the plant pigments that give fruits and many plant parts their orange color?
Carotenoids
76) Which of the following organisms has an archegonium:
W) moss
X) bird
Y) frog
Z) oak tree
W) moss
77) How many pairs of wings do beetles typically have?
2
78) How many cervical vertebrae are found in most mammals?
7
79) What is the most common name for the junctions across which nerve cells carry chemical messages from cell to cell?
Synapse
80) What is the most common name of the part of a neuron that takes its name from the Greek word for tree, and functions to carry electrical messages from other nerve cells to the soma?
Dendrite
