Life Science Flashcards
1) What organelle functions to isolate a human cell’s chromosomes from the cytoplasm?
Nucleus
2) What is the primary oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin
Description:
Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. Hemoglobin is made up of four protein molecules (globulin chains) that are connected together.
3) How many permanent teeth does a typical adult human have?
32
4) How many canine teeth does the typical human adult have?
4
5) Most of the heart is composed of which of the following types of tissues:
W) epithelial
X) connective
Y) nervous
Z) muscle
Z) Muscle
6) In the taxonomical name Homo sapiens, what taxonomical rank does sapiens represent?
Species
7) What is generally considered the basic unit of life?
The cell
8) In what organelle of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
Description:
Photosynthesis takes place inside plant cells in small things called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts (mostly found in the mesophyll layer) contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Below are the other parts of the cell that work with the chloroplast to make photosynthesis happen.
9) What is the scientific name for the white of a cooked egg?
Albumin
10) What term is generally used for biological catalysts?
Enzymes
11) How many limbs are tetrapods typically considered to have?
4
12) Which of the following is the most common source of energy for brain cells in humans:
W) nucleic acids
X) proteins
Y) glucose
Z) pectins
Y) glucose
13) What is the ultimate energy source for nearly all life on Earth?
The sun
14) What is the environmental factor most directly involved in phototropism?
Sunlight
15) What is the scientific name of the human windpipe?
Trachea
16) The organ of Corti is directly involved in what human sense?
Hearing
17) Which of the following is the closest synonym for motile:
W) having a motor
X) using energy
Y) able to move
Z) living in water
Y) able to move
18) Which of the following terms is used by microbiologists for a bacterium with a rod shape:
W) tubular
X) bacillus
Y) trichome
Z) cylindrical
X) bacillus
19) What is the common name of the members of the Class Aves?
Birds
20) What is the most common term for the biological polymer found in chromosomes that stores genetic information?
DNA
Description:
DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things. All known cellular life and some viruses contain DNA. The main role of DNA in the cell is the long-term storage of information.
21) Inside what human cell organelle does replication of the chromosomal DNA in preparation for mitosis occur?
Nucleus
22) What specific structure is most directly responsible for the motility of bacteria?
Flagella
Description:
Flagella are whip-like structures protruding from the bacterial cell wall and are responsible for bacterial motility (i.e. movement). The arrangement of flagella about the bacterial cell is unique to the species observed.
23) If an animal has 42 chromosomes in its normal, non-gamete or somatic cells, what term would be given to the gametes that have 21 chromosomes:
W) somatic
X) unigentic
Y) haploid
Z) solitary
Y) haploid
24) What is the most common term for the symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed?
Parasitism
Description:
😊😊 | Mutualism | Example: Clownfish 😊 & Sea anemone 😊
😊😑 | Commensalism | Example: Whale 😑 & Barnacle 😊
😊😖 | Parasitism | Example: Dog 😖 & Tick 😊
25) What is the most common term for the type of symbiosis where one organism benefits and the other is neither significantly harmed nor helped by the interaction?
Commensalism
Description:
😊😊 | Mutualism | Example: Clownfish 😊 & Sea anemone 😊
😊😑 | Commensalism | Example: Whale 😑 & Barnacle 😊
😊😖 | Parasitism | Example: Dog 😖 & Tick 😊
26) What is the scientific term for the biting structures of spiders?
Chelicera
27) In what structure of a nucleated cell are ribosomes assembled into their subunits?
Nucleolus
28) Which of the following is part of the nephron in the kidney:
W) islet cells (EY-let)
X) ureter
Y) amygdala (ah-MIG-dih-la)
Z) glomerulus (glow-MAIR-you-lus)
Z) glomerulus (glow-MAIR-you-lus)
29) The human body is most commonly described as having what type of symmetry?
Bilateral
30) In which of the following places would meiosis most likely occur in a mammal:
W) skin
X) liver
Y) heart
Z) ovary
Z) ovary
31) What are the most common names of the gametes produced by a human male and female, respectively?
Male = sperm Female = egg
32) What anatomical structures in humans function by connecting muscles to bones?
Tendons
33) What is the light-yellow fluid that makes up the fluid portion of normal circulating human blood?
Plasma
34) Most biological catalysts are:
W) proteins
X) vitamins
Y) carbohydrates
Z) lipids
W) proteins
35) Which of the following best describes a bacteriophage:
W) a bacterial virus
X) a stage in the development of most bacteria
Y) the release of disease-causing bacteria from a host organism
Z) a very small bacteria
W) a bacterial virus
36) Which of the following plants is sometimes called a fiddlehead when it is immature:
W) maple tree
X) tulip
Y) moss
Z) fern
Z) fern
37) Name all of the following 4 groups of animals that are reptiles: lizards; snakes; frogs; crocodiles
Lizards; Snakes; Crocodiles
38) How many pairs of walking legs do spiders have?
4
39) Name all of the following 4 organisms that are bivalves: squid; clams; snails; mussels
Clams; Mussels
40) Which of the following is NOT a structure found in human cells:
W) mitochondrion
X) cell wall
Y) lysosome
Z) peroxisome
X) cell wall
41) Which of the following is closest to the meaning of intercellular (in-TER-cellular):
W) from within cells
X) between cells
Y) inside of cells
Z) underneath cells
X) between cells
42) What is the name of the blood vessels in vertebrate bodies where most of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs?
Capillaries
43) What specific part of the human brain is most responsible for regulating body temperature?
Hypothalamus
44) Which of the following describes the shape of a bacterial pilus:
W) a solid sphere
X) a cuboidal shaped cell
Y) a thin tube
Z) a helical thick solid fiber
Y) a thin tube
45) Name all of the following 4 groups of plants that are legumes: peas; rice; soybeans; peanuts
Peas; Soybeans; Peanuts
46) Which of the following is the location of the human thymus gland:
W) upper chest
X) inguinal canal
Y) abdomen
Z) brain
W) upper chest
47) What is the most common globular protein in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin
48) Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotes:
W) DNA
X) RNA
Y) ribosomes
Z) golgi
Z) golgi
49) Name all of the following 4 groups of organisms that are insects: flies; beetles; crayfish; moths
Flies; Beetles; Moths
50) Which of the following anatomical structures is missing in the hagfish:
W) heart
X) brain
Y) notocord
Z) jaw
Z) jaw
51) Name all of the following 4 organisms that are echinoderms: squid; snails; starfish; lobsters
Squid; Snails; Lobsters
52) What is the most common term used for the biological process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form readily available for use in organisms?
Nitrogen fixation
Description:
Nitrogen fixation is a process by which molecular nitrogen in the air is converted into ammonia NH3 or related nitrogenous compounds in soil
53) Which of the following groups of organisms is most commonly associated with the ability to fix nitrogen:
W) plants
X) animals
Y) plants and animals
Z) bacteria
Z) bacteria
54) Which of the following is a lipid:
W) lipase
X) myoglobin
Y) trypsin
Z) corn oil
Z) corn oil
55) Which of the following organisms contains the most chitin (KYE-tin) by percent of body weight:
W) leopard
X) ant
Y) squid
Z) whale
X) ant
56) What parts of a flower make up the corolla?
Petals
Description:
They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. Together, all of the petals of a flower are called a corolla. Petals are usually accompanied by another set of special leaves called sepals, that collectively form the calyx and lie just beneath the corolla.
57) Name all of the following 4 plants that have male and female flowers on the same plant: apple tree; tomato; maple tree; pumpkin
All
58) How many chambers does the heart of a shark have?
2
59) Name all of the following 4 groups of organisms in which mitosis occurs: birds; reptiles; mollusks; bacteria
Birds; Reptiles; Mollusks
60) Which of the following anatomical structures do sharks NOT possess:
W) gill covers or opercula
X) lateral lines
Y) cartilaginous skeletons
Z) livers
W) gill covers or opercula
61) What scientist is sometimes considered the father of genetics because of his extensive studies on the patterns of inheritance?
Gregor Mendel
62) How many phalanges are in a human thumb?
2
63) Which of the following terms is most often used to describe a biochemical reaction where the forward reaction is at the same rate as the reverse reaction:
W) isothermic
X) isotropic
Y) equilibrium
Z) homeotropic
Y) equilibrium
64) In which of the following areas of the human body is the frontal bone found:
W) pelvis
X) spine
Y) shoulder
Z) head
Z) head
65) In which of the following areas of the human body is the ileum bone found:
W) pelvis
X) wrist
Y) shoulder
Z) head
W) pelvis
66) In what organelle do parenchymal (PAR-en-KYM-al) cells store most of a plant’s cellular fluid?
Vacuole
67) Name all of the following 3 groups of plants that have no xylem: mosses; ferns; conifers
Mosses
68) What glands of the human body are most responsible for producing what is sometimes called the stress hormone cortisol?
Adrenals
69) Which of the following terms do biologists most often use to describe animals that do not move by their own design or effort:
W) saprophytic
X) instar
Y) motile
Z) sessile
Z) sessile
70) What is the base nucleotide to which adenine binds on its opposing strand in DNA?
Thymine
71) What anatomical structure in boney fish allows them to adjust their buoyancy and stay afloat without swimming?
Swim bladder
72) What is the most common name for the fluid in a spider that serves a similar function to blood invertebrates?
Haemolymph
73) What organelle with attached ribosomes is most directly responsible for the translation of proteins destined to be transported out of the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
74) Name all of the following 4 functional groups that are found in all amino acids: carboxyl; ketone; amino; phosphate
Carboxyl; Amino
Description:
O
//
Carboxyl C
\
OH
H
\
Amino N
/
H
75) What is the most common name of the plant pigments that give fruits and many plant parts their orange color?
Carotenoids
76) Which of the following organisms has an archegonium:
W) moss
X) bird
Y) frog
Z) oak tree
W) moss
77) How many pairs of wings do beetles typically have?
2
78) How many cervical vertebrae are found in most mammals?
7
79) What is the most common name for the junctions across which nerve cells carry chemical messages from cell to cell?
Synapse
80) What is the most common name of the part of a neuron that takes its name from the Greek word for tree, and functions to carry electrical messages from other nerve cells to the soma?
Dendrite
81) In which of the following cells would myelin most likely be found:
W) oocyte
X) red blood cell
Y) neuron
Z) skin cell
Y) neuron
82) Name all of the following 4 choices of eukaryotic sub-cellular structures that do NOT have their own specific membrane: chloroplast; lysosome; centriole; golgi
Centriole
83) What is the most important function of fiber tracheids (TRAY-key-ids) in woody plants:
W) energy storage
X) structural support
Y) sugary sap movement
Z) absorption of nutrients from the soil
X) structural support
84) Which of the following is the smallest object that a typical student compound light microscope is able to allow a person to see:
W) mRNA
X) ribosomes
Y) E.coli
Z) polio virus
Y) E.coli
85) Adipose tissue stores mostly:
W) lipid
X) protein
Y) starch
Z) glycogen
W) lipid
86) Which of the following biological molecules make up the main part of the bilayer and hydrophobic region of the plasma cell membrane:
W) oligosaccharides (oh-LEE-go-SACK-ah-rides)
X) carbohydrates
Y) phospholipids
Z) proteins
Y) phospholipids
87) Keratins are considered structural proteins. This is because they are most often arranged in which of the following shapes:
W) long, thin fibers
X) spherical and smooth
Y) short and irregular
Z) small, irregular, and hydrophilic
W) long, thin fibers
88) Name all of the following 4 molecules that are storage forms of glucose: starch; wax; glycogen; maltose
Starch; Glycogen
89) Cartilage belongs to which of the following animal tissues types:
W) epithelial
X) connective
Y) nervous
Z) muscle
X) connective
90) Name all of the following 3 chemicals that are NOT amino acids: glycine; methionine; adenine
Adenine
91) How many chromosomes does a normal human gamete have?
23
92) Which of the following is most directly responsible for the exchange of genes during meiosis:
W) crossing over
X) kinetochores division
Y) cytokinesis
Z) alleles
W) crossing over
93) What base nucleotide is replaced by uracil in RNA?
Thymine
94) What two functional groups of amino acids join to form a peptide bond in a protein?
Carboxyl and Amino
95) Which of the following is the botanical term for the haploid generation in moss plants:
W) gametophyte
X) archegonia
Y) style
Z) ovule
W) gametophyte
96) Name all of the following 3 organisms that belong to the phylum Cnidaria (nid-AIR-ee-ah): jellyfish; sea anemones; corals
Jelly fish; Corals
97) What staining method is used to generally divide bacteria into two groups?
Gram stain
98) Name all of the following 4 cellular structures that are found in plant cells and NOT bacteria: mitochondria; chloroplasts; cell membranes; ribosomes
Mitochondria; Chloroplasts
99) Which of the following terms is MOST commonly used to refer to the copying of DNA during the cell cycle:
W) duplication
X) replication
Y) translation
Z) complementation
X) replication
100) What is the most common term for a random change in the nucleotide base sequence in DNA?
Mutation
101) Which of the following is the most common long-term storage form of energy for vertebrate animals:
W) nucleic acids
X) proteins
Y) starch
Z) lipids
Z) lipids
102) What is the name for the structures in plants that regulate air entering the plant through stems and leaves?
Stomata
103) Which of the following is a general term widely used by scientists to indicate artificial growth of cells in the laboratory:
W) culture
X) monocell
Y) attenuate
Z) decoction
W) culture
104) Which of the following is the most common term biologists use for the molecule that an enzyme will act on:
W) substrate
X) product
Y) producer
Z) catalyst
W) substrate
105) Which of the following is a protein:
W) glycerol
X) trypsin
Y) cholesterol
Z) tyrosine
X) trypsin
106) Name all of the following 4 cells of a human that are typically haploid: skin cell; mature ovum; sperm; lymphocyte
Mature ovum; Sperm
107) Tell whether the medusa and polyp stages of hydrozoans are haploid or diploid, respectively?
Both belong to diploid
108) Name all of the following 4 choices that are most commonly associated with asexual reproduction in organisms: meiosis; budding; binary fission; fragmentation
Budding; Binary fission; Fragmentation
109) Which of the following BEST describes muscle tone:
W) maximum strength of a muscle
X) length versus width of a muscle
Y) average energy use or oxygen use of a fully contracted muscle
Z) amount of tension or contraction of a resting muscle
Z) amount of tension or contraction of a resting muscle
110) Which of the following terms most commonly refers to nerves leaving the brain:
W) posterior
X) rostral
Y) efferent
Z) involuntary
Y) efferent
111) Into which of the following does a typical fern spore most directly develop:
W) sporophyte
X) egg cell
Y) gametophyte
Z) sperm cell
Y) gametophyte
112) Name all of the following 4 plants that are conifers: pine; hemlock; palm; maple
Pine, Hemlock
113) Which of the following is a theory of heredity postulated by Lamarck:
W) characteristics acquired after birth are passed on to following generations
X) nature selects for the best characteristic
Y) only the fittest organisms survive through natural selection
Z) genes determine the phenotype
W) characteristics acquired after birth are passed on to following generations
114) By words or numbers, name all of the following 3 choices that are found in the E. coli bacterium: 1) mitochondria; 2) chloroplasts; 3) ribosomes
Ribosomes
115) Which of the following is LEAST likely to be found in or on a root of a flowering plant:
W) stomata
X) epidermis
Y) xylem
Z) phloem
W) stomata
116) What is the common name for the protective layers of cells that cover the tip of a growing root, allowing it to make its way through difficult soils?
Root cap
117) What sugar is found in the backbone of DNA?
Deoxyribose
118) Phylogenetic systems of classifying organisms into various groups are mostly based on:
W) physical appearances
X) numbers of genes
Y) evolutionary history
Z) environmental origins
Y) evolutionary history
119) Which of the following are homologous structures:
W) wing of a bat and the arm of a human
X) leg of a cat and the wing of a fly
Y) stinger of a bee and the fang of a snake
Z) rattler of a rattle snake and the whistle of a song bird
W) wing of a bat and the arm of a human
120) What human gland releases thyroid-stimulating hormone and oxytocin (OX-ee-TOE-sin) into the blood?
Pituitary
121) Ribosomes are made of:
W) protein only
X) nucleic acid only
Y) nucleic acid and protein
Z) nucleic acid and carbohydrate
Y) nucleic acid and protein
122) Which of the following animals are believed to be the closest living relatives to the dinosaurs:
W) salamanders
X) snakes
Y) ostriches
Z) crocodiles
Z) crocodiles
123) Order the following 4 taxonomical groups from the one with the MOST organisms to the LEAST: order; family; phylum; kingdom
Kingdom; Phylum; Order; Family
Description:
Dear King Phillip Come Over For Good Soup
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
124) In which of the following environments would a thermophilic bacteria most likely evolve:
W) Antarctic
X) hot spring
Y) desert
Z) thermokarst
X) hot spring
125) Name all of the following 4 plants that are gymnosperms: fern; ginkgo tree; pine tree; giant sequoia tree
Ginkgo tree, Pine tree, Giant sequoia tree
126) Of the 3 basic types of muscle in humans, which are considered voluntary?
Skeletal
Description:
Skeletal - voluntary
Cardiac - involuntary
Smooth - involuntary
127) At the beginning of metaphase in mitosis, how many chromatids are in each chromosome?
2
128) Which of the following is most advantageous to plants that depend on insects for pollination:
W) absence of rhizomes
X) sticky pollen
Y) small green flowers
Z) numerous stomata
X) sticky pollen
129) Name all of the following biological molecules that are considered polymers: glucose; cellulose; DNA; RNA
DNA; RNA; Cellulose
130) Pampas, steppes, and savannas are all different types of:
W) deserts
X) tropical forests
Y) tropical shrublands
Z) grasslands
Z) grasslands
131) Which of the following biomes takes up more square area of the world than any other biome:
W) rainforest
X) savanna
Y) taiga
Z) tundra
Y) taiga
132) Which of the following is the most likely highest power for an objective lens on a typical student compound light microscope:
W) 25-times
X) 100-times
Y) 500-times
Z) 1500-times
X) 100-times
133) Order the following 4 parts of the human intestine from the FIRST to receive food from the stomach to the LAST: colon; duodenum; ileum; jejunum
Duodenum; Jejunum; Ileum; Colon
134) The presence of which of the following is the most important characteristic that allows xylem to function in plants:
W) plastids and chloroplasts
X) strong thick walls
Y) large fluid-filled vacuoles
Z) nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum
X) strong thick walls
Description:
Xylem cells are dead therefore, W and Z are not possible and Y is unlikely
135) Name all of the following 4 structures that are composed mostly of keratin: bird’s beak; snake teeth; human fingernail; mammalian furak
Bird’s beak; Human fingernail; Mammalian fur
136) What natural plant hormone is most directly involved in controlling phototropism?
Auxin
137) Name all of the following 3 types of molecules that are generally soluble in water: simple sugars; mRNA; lipids
Simple sugars; mRNA
138) Lipids will dissolve best in which of the following:
W) 3% salt water
X) milk
Y) distilled water
Z) chloroform
Z) chloroform
139) Which of the following statements is NOT true:
W) all living things require energy except in some states of dormancy
X) energy is transformed from one state to another in living things
Y) the laws of thermodynamics do not apply to living things
Z) enzymes allow certain reactions to occur at faster rates than without them
Y) the laws of thermodynamics do not apply to living things
140) During which of the following embryonic stages of a human are all 3 germ layers formed:
W) zygote
X) blastula
Y) gastrula
Z) morula
Y) gastrula
141) Which of the following do all chordates possess at some time in their lives:
W) gill slits
X) radula
Y) book lungs
Z) exoskeleton
W) gill slits
142) In certain diseases, red blood cells are damaged and destroyed in massive numbers. What organ will often enlarge under these circumstances and be central in the removal of the abnormal red blood cells and their breakdown products?
Spleen
143) Name all of the following 4 molecules that serve as neurotransmitters in vertebrates: adrenaline; dopamine; serotonin; sphingosine (SFING-go-seen)
Adrenaline; Dopamine; Serotonin
144) What is the most common term used to describe a hydrocarbon chain that has all single bonds between carbons?
Saturated
145) Which of the following does NOT occur in mitosis:
W) synapsis of chromosomes
X) chromosomes line up at metaphase
Y) nuclear membrane dissolves
Z) sister chromatids separate
W) synapsis of chromosomes
146) If a normal human lymphocyte underwent mitosis but NOT cytokinesis, how many chromosomes would the cell have?
92
Description:
Lymphocyte has 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs
|
O
|
(chromosome)
\ /
O
/ \
(pair of chromosomes)
147) The structure of proteins is classified from primary through quaternary levels. Which level is determined by the sequence of its amino acids?
Primary level
148) Which of the following is the most common term biologists use to indicate that an enzyme has lost its normal 3-dimensional shape:
W) virulent
X) catalyzed
Y) denatured
Z) degenerated
Y) denatured
149) By words or numbers, name all of the following 3 physical or chemical changes that will typically denature a protein: 1) large changes in pH; 2) rapid cooling to 4ºC; 3) heating to over 45ºC
1 and 3
150) Into what organelle does the nuclear membrane get absorbed at the start of prophase?
Endoplasmic reticulum
151) Which of the following is the best explanation as to why germs that infect a certain family of animals will often NOT be able to infect a different family of animals:
W) different metabolic pathways exist in different animals
X) germs gain entry into cells by binding to receptors which are often specific to certain groups of organisms
Y) the immune systems of different animals prevents infection of unusual diseases
Z) germs reproduce only when genes in a cell allow them
X) germs gain entry into cells by binding to receptors which are often specific to certain groups of organisms
152) What human blood type has antibodies to only group A antigens?
Type B
Description:
Type A - group B antigens in plasma, A antigens in RBC (red blood cells)
Type B - group A antigens in plasma, B antigens in RBC (red blood cells)
Type AB - no antigens in plasma, A&B antigens in RBC (red blood cells)
Type O - group A and B antigens in plasma, no antigens in RBC (red blood cells)
153) Which of the following is NOT true of genes:
W) they are a passed from generation to generation through chromosomes
X) they can come in dominant or recessive forms
Y) genes often lead to the production of a protein
Z) most of the DNA sequences in chromosomes are genes
Z) most of the DNA sequences in chromosomes are genes
154) Which of the following is a set of reactions that do NOT require light and where carbon dioxide is used to make 3 carbon sugar phosphate molecules that are later used to make 6 carbon sugars:
W) photosystem-two
X) Calvin cycle
Y) citric acid cycle
Z) electron transport
X) Calvin cycle
155) Which of the following instruments did Louis Pasteur use in dispelling the theory of spontaneous generation:
W) swan necked flasks with boiled and unboiled broth
X) open and closed jars with rotting meat
Y) flasks of amino acids and other organic molecules exposed to electric charges
Z) bacterial cultures inside sterile tubes
W) swan necked flasks with boiled and unboiled broth
156) What substance is most directly formed when oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport system of oxidative phosphorylation?
Water
157) Name all of the following 3 metabolic processes in vertebrate cells that release carbon dioxide as a byproduct: glycolysis; citric acid cycle; oxidative phosphorylation
Citric acid cycle
158) Which of the following techniques was used by Meselson and Stahl to separate samples of DNA that contained different amounts of DNA labeled with a heavy isotope and a light isotope of nitrogen in their experiments on DNA replication:
W) reverse osmosis
X) dialysis
Y) centrifugation
Z) liquid chromatography
Y) centrifugation
159) Name all of the following 4 proteins that are soluble in water: collagen; hemoglobin; insulin; DNA polymerase
Hemoglobin; Insulin; DNA Polymerase
Description:
Structural proteins are generally insoluble. Globular proteins, which include enzymes, are
160) In which of the following stages in the life of an average dividing cell would it spend most of its time:
W) mitosis
X) interphase
Y) cytokinesis
Z) karyokinesis
X) interphase
161) Which of the following BEST describes the chemical makeup of a human chromosome:
W) 100% DNA
X) about 99% DNA and 1% protein
Y) about 50% DNA and 50% protein
Z) about 1% DNA and 99% protein
Y) about 50% DNA and 50% protein
162) Which of the following will most likely occur for a bacteria that is an obligate or strict anaerobe (an-AYE-robe) when grown in a test tube of nutrient agar that remains undisturbed :
W) all the bacteria immediately die
X) the bacteria only grow against the walls of the test tube
Y) the bacteria only grow at the top of the test tube
Z) the bacteria only grow at the bottom of the test tube
Z) the bacteria only grow at the bottom of the test tube
163) Which of the following molecules primarily functions to carry electrons from one place to another inside a cell:
W) NAD+
X) ATP
Y) UTP
Z) pyruvic acid
W) NAD+
164) From what embryonic germ layer are skeletal bones primarily derived?
Mesoderm
165) Progressing from the outside to the inside, what are the 3 basic embryonic germ layers in vertebrates?
Ectoderm; Mesoderm; Endoderm
166) Name all of the following 4 elements that are found in DNA and NOT proteins: sulfur; nitrogen; oxygen; phosphorus
Phosphorus
167) Which of the following organelles would be most abundant in cells that are producing large amounts of ATP through oxidative metabolism:
W) smooth ER
X) rough ER
Y) mitochondria
Z) lysosomes
Y) mitochondria
168) What is the oxidizing agent in the citric acid cycle that is derived in part from the vitamin niacin?
NAD+
169) Which of the following is the most common energy intermediate that couples exergonic and endergonic reactions in living cells:
W) fat
X) cellulose
Y) glucose
Z) ATP
Z) ATP
170) Name all of the following 4 cells that are typically diploid: zygote; lymphocyte; red blood cell; mature ovum
Zygote; Lymphocyte
Description:
RBC’s (red blood cells) have no nuclei
171) Which of the following is NOT true of ribosomes:
W) they help translate mRNA into protein
X) they are too small to be seen with a compound light microscope
Y) they are about 20 nanometers in diameter
Z) bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes are identical in shape and size
Z) bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes are identical in shape and size
172) Which of the following enzymes most likely catalyzes the removal of electrons:
W) transferase
X) nuclease
Y) hydrolase
Z) oxidase
Z) oxidase
173) Which of the following is considered the dominant generation in flowering plants:
W) hypocotyl
X) sporophyte
Y) gametophyte
Z) anthophyte
X) sporophyte
174) Which of the following is the most distinguishing characteristic of all vertebrates adapted to life on land from amphibians:
Choose your answer:
W) lack of metamorphosis
X) presence of true kidneys
Y) production of amniotic eggs
Z) presence of a coelom (sil-OHM)
Y) production of amniotic eggs
175) How many carbon dioxide molecules are released in each turn of the Citric Acid Cycle?
2
176) By words or numbers, name all of the following 3 places where you would most likely find dense meristematic tissue in a tomato plant: 1) just behind the root cap; 2) in the stem pith; 3) just behind the terminal buds
1 and 3
177) Living organisms are often divided into five Kingdoms. In which of the 5 Kingdoms would E. coli be classified?
Monera
178) What is the binomial scientific genus and species name for humans?
Homo sapiens
179) Which of the following is the region of the body where the stapes bone is located:
W) ankle
X) ear
Y) wrist
Z) knee
X) ear
Description:
Stapes bone is one of the three bones in the ear. Here are the three bones, and their functions:
Hammer (malleus) - attached to the eardrum.
Anvil (incus) - in the middle of the chain of bones.
Stirrup (stapes) - attached to the membrane-covered opening that connects the middle ear with the inner ear (oval window)
180) Sharks belong the class Chondricthyes because they have a skeleton made of what substance?
Cartilage
181) Which of the following is an intracellular parasite:
W) malaria
X) sleeping sickness
Y) tapeworm
Z) shigella
W) malaria
182) In mammals, what teeth are evolved primarily to function in gripping and tearing
W) incissors
X) canines
Y) molars
Z) wisdom
X) canines
183) Which of these organisms is not a kind of worm?
W) planerian
X) fluke
Y) leech
Z) centipede
Z) centipede
184) What is the common specific name for the bond that joins two amino acids to form a growing protein:
Peptide bond
185) During photosynthesis, for every molecule of glucose that is made, how many molecules of carbon dioxide and water are consumed?
W) six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules
X) four carbon dioxide molecules and four water molecules
Y) twelve carbon dioxide molecules and twelve water molecules
Z) six carbon dioxide molecules and twelve water molecules
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
input light output
186) Which of the following best describes antibodies:
W) a class of polysaccharides involved in the immune system
X) a group of proteins made by plasma cells in response to a foreign substance
Y) small bodies of insects that look like ants
Z) a class of genes produced by the immune system to fight disease
X) a group of proteins made by plasma cells in response to a foreign substance
187) The spines of cacti are a modification of what plant structure?
Leaf
188) Which of the following cells would typically be capable of the greatest amount of phagocytosis w) plasma cells
w) plasma cells
X) lymphocytes
Y) mast cells
Z) macrophages
Z) macrophages
189) Which of the following is a monocot:
W) Acer rubrum
X) Quercus rubra
Y) Zea maize
Z) Echinacea angustifolia
Y) Zea maize
190) Which of the following is TRUE about a typical liver cell:
W) most genes are arranged in operon-like clusters
X) it has very few mitochondria
Y) most genes are transcribed continuously
Z) most of the DNA does not code for proteins
Z) most of the DNA does not code for proteins
191) Which of the following is the best description of a cell membrane also known as the plasma membrane?
W) it is permeable and made of mostly proteins
X) it is semi-permeable and made mostly of proteins in a lipid bilayer
Y) it is impermeable and made up mostly of lipids
Z) it is a fluid mosaic composed of a protein bilayer
X) it is semi-permeable and made mostly of proteins in a lipid bilayer
192) The development of embryonic cells that allows them to become different specialized cells of different organs and tissue and then function in very different ways in an adult organism is best explained by which of the following:
W) they have evolved different genomes
X) they each contain different genes
Y) they use different genetic codes
Z) different genes are expressed or turned on and off in different cells
Z) different genes are expressed or turned on and off in different cells
193) Passive transport differs mostly from active transport since passive transport requires:
W) ATP
X) spectrin proteins
Y) no energy
Z) mitochondria
Y) no energy
194) During the life-cycle of amphibians, which is not a means through which respiration can occur?
W) lungs
X) air bladder
Y) gills
Z) skin
X) air bladder
195) In many arthropods, the segments of the body are grouped into 3 distinct parts. Name all three parts:
Head, Thorax, Abdomen
[Repeat] 196) Which of the following is the region of the body where the stapes bone is located:
W) ankle
X) ear
Y) wrist
Z) knee
X) ear
Description:
Stapes bone is one of the three bones in the ear. Here are the three bones, and their functions:
Hammer (malleus) - attached to the eardrum.
Anvil (incus) - in the middle of the chain of bones.
Stirrup (stapes) - attached to the membrane-covered opening that connects the middle ear with the inner ear (oval window)
[Repeat] 197) Sharks belong the class Chondricthyes because they have a skeleton made of what substance?
Cartilage
[Repeat] 198) Which of the following is an intracellular parasite:
W) malaria
X) sleeping sickness
Y) tapeworm
Z) shigella
W) malaria
[Repeat] 199) In mammals, what teeth are evolved primarily to function in gripping and tearing
W) incissors
X) canines
Y) molars
Z) wisdom
X) canines
[Repeat] 200) Which of these organisms in not a kind of worm?
W) planerian
X) fluke
Y) leech
Z) centipede
Z) centipede
[Repeat] 201) What is the common specific name for the bond that joins two amino acids to form a growing protein:
Peptide bond
202) Vestigial (pronounced VES-ti-gee-al) structures:
W) have no known function in their present owners
X) function in an analogous fashion in all species
Y) evolve homologously until functional
Z) control nervous system functions
W) have no known function in their present owners
