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Biology - B2 > Life Processes - Topic 2 > Flashcards

Life Processes - Topic 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is respiration?

A

the process of breaking down glucose to release energy, which goes on in every living cell

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2
Q

what are the two types of respiration?

A

aerobic anaerobic

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3
Q

which type of respiration is more efficient and releases more energy?

A

Aerobic

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4
Q

what is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

aerobic uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water.

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5
Q

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + water + Energy

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6
Q

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

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7
Q

What does the circulatory system do?

A

it carries glucose, oxygen and CO2 around the body into the blood

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8
Q

Where does glucose come from?

A

Breaking down food in the digestive system.

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9
Q

Where does oxygen come from?

A

AIr

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10
Q

which blood vessel supplies glucose and oxygen and removes carbon dioxide?

A

Capillaries

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11
Q

what is diffusion?

A

the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration across a permeable membrane

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12
Q

What do muscles use the energy from respiration to do?

A

contract

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13
Q

Why does your breathing rate increase when you exercise?

A

your muscles are contracting more so need more energy. the increased respiration means you need to get more oxygen to the cells. your breathing rate increases to get more oxygen into the blood and to get the oxygenated blood around your body faster.

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14
Q

How do you work out cardiac output?

A

cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

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15
Q

When does anaerobic respiration take place?

A

When there is not enough oxygen available.

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16
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration

A

glucose -> lactic acid + energy

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17
Q

What is the symbol equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3

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18
Q

What can a build up of lactic acid cause?

A

cramp

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19
Q

What is left after you have anaerobically exercised?

A

oxygen debt

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20
Q

what is oxygen debt?

A

where you have to get the oxygen you didn’t manage to get to your muscles.

21
Q

What does EPOC stand for?

A

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption.

22
Q

what is EPOC

A

oxygen debt. you have to keep breathing hard after you stop exercising so you can get more oxygen into the blood.

23
Q

what is oxygen used for in muscles

A

convert lactic acid to CO2 and water

24
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

process in plants that makes glucose and oxygen.

25
Q

what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

26
Q

what is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

27
Q

give three adaptations of a leaf that make photosynthesis efficient

A
  • leaves are broad so theres a large surface area exposed to light.
  • Contain a lot of chlorophyll to absorb light.
  • leaves are full of little holes called stomata, they open and close to let gases such as co2 and o2 in and out. they also allow water vapour to escape (transcription)
28
Q

where does photosynthesis take place?

A

chloroplasts

29
Q

What are the limiting factors for photosynthesis?

A

light carbon dioxide temperature

30
Q

how does light affect photosynthesis

A
31
Q

how does carbon dioxide affect photosynthesis

A
32
Q

how does temperature affect photosynthesis

A
33
Q

what is osmosis

A

the movement of water across a semi permeable membrane down a concentration gradient

34
Q

describe a practical you can do to show osmosis.

A

put potato and place the segments into different concentrations of sucrose. measure the wight before and after experiment. in low concentration of sucrose potato will get heavier in high concentration will get lighter, as water moves down concentration gradient.

35
Q

which part of the plant takes in water?

A

root hair cell

36
Q

What is active transport?

A

the movement of minerals against the concentration gradient

37
Q

where does active transport happen?

A

root hairs

38
Q

what does the xylem do?

A

transports water and minerals from the root to the rest of the plant.

39
Q

What does the phloem do?

A

transports sugars from the leaves to growing and storage tissues.

40
Q

what is transpiration (in plants)

A

transpiration is caused by evaporation and diffusion. this creates a slight shortage of water in the leaf so more water is drawn up from the rest of the plant. this is a constant process. water escapes through the stomata

41
Q

define habitat

A

the place where an organism lives

42
Q

define distribution

A

where an organism is found

43
Q

what are the two types of sample?

A

random (gives a representative)

systematic.

44
Q

give 5 examples of sampling tecniques

A

Pooter - for ground insects.

pitfall traps - ground insects

sweep nets - animals in long grass

pond nets - animals in ponds

quadrat -small organisms

45
Q

how do you work out population size?

A

work out mean number or organisms per m^2 then multiply by total area.

46
Q

how do you measure temperature?

A

thermometer

47
Q

how do you measure light intensity?

A

light sensor

48
Q

how do you measure pH

A

electronic pH monitor.

Biology - B2 (3 decks)

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