Life Processes In Plants And Animals Flashcards
What is the purpose of a skeleton? And give examples.
Support
Protection
E.g. Skull protects brain
Backbone supports head
What are the three types of skeletons?
Hydroskeleton
Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton
Describe what a Hydrostatic skeleton is and give examples.
Consist of fluid under pressure in a closed body compartment.
•Cnidarians
•Flatworm
•Nematodes
•Annelids
Describe the movement of Hydrostatic Skeleton
Movement and form is controlled by using muscles to change the shape of the fluid filled compartment.
Hydrostatic Skeletons’ advantages?
•Well suited to live in an aquatic environment.
•Cushion internal organs from shock, provide support for crawling and burrowing(in terrestrial animals)
Hydrostatic Skeletons’ disadvantages?
Cannot support terrestrial activities in which an animal’s body is held off the ground, thus walking and running for example.
Describe the exoskeleton
Hard, encasement deposited on an animal’s surface, e.g. most molluscs are enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell.
What is molting?
With each growth spurt, an arthropod must shed its exoskeleton to produce a large one.
Describe endoskeletons
Consist of hard, supporting elements, such as bones, which are found within soft tissue.
What are echinoderms?
Animals like (starfish, urchins etc) with hard plates called ossicles beneath their skin.
What are the 6 functions of the Skeletal System?
•Movement
•Support
•Protection
•Makes blood
•Storage
•Hearing
Describe the endoskeleton movement
Legs and arms move when the muscles pull on the bones
Describe support of endoskeleton
Backbone is the main support center for the upper body. It holds your head up and protects your spinal cord.
Describe protection from endoskeleton
Bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury.
How does the endoskeleton make blood?
Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bones.
What does the endoskeleton store?
Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body.
How does the endoskeleton provide hearing?
3 ear ossicles in each ear transmit sound waves in inner ear.
Name the four basic bone shapes
1Long - arms, legs and fingers
2Short - wrist and ankles
3Flat - skull and sternum
4Irregular - spine
Name the four typical layers of the structure of a bone.
Periosteum: covers bone
Compact bone: lies beneath the periosteum
Spongy bone: lies beneath the compact bone
Bone marrow: fills the gaps between the spongy bone
Which bones are included in the Axial Skeleton?
Skull, spine, ribs, and sternum
Which bones are included in the appendicular Skeleton?
Shoulders, arms, hips, and legs
