Life Processes In Plants And Animals

Question 1

What is the purpose of a skeleton? And give examples.

Answer 1

Support
Protection
E.g. Skull protects brain
Backbone supports head

Question 2

What are the three types of skeletons?

Answer 2

Hydroskeleton
Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton

Question 3

Describe what a Hydrostatic skeleton is and give examples.

Answer 3

Consist of fluid under pressure in a closed body compartment.
•Cnidarians
•Flatworm
•Nematodes
•Annelids

Question 4

Describe the movement of Hydrostatic Skeleton

Answer 4

Movement and form is controlled by using muscles to change the shape of the fluid filled compartment.

Question 5

Hydrostatic Skeletons’ advantages?

Answer 5

•Well suited to live in an aquatic environment.
•Cushion internal organs from shock, provide support for crawling and burrowing(in terrestrial animals)

Question 6

Hydrostatic Skeletons’ disadvantages?

Answer 6

Cannot support terrestrial activities in which an animal’s body is held off the ground, thus walking and running for example.

Question 7

Describe the exoskeleton

Answer 7

Hard, encasement deposited on an animal’s surface, e.g. most molluscs are enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell.

Question 8

What is molting?

Answer 8

With each growth spurt, an arthropod must shed its exoskeleton to produce a large one.

Question 9

Describe endoskeletons

Answer 9

Consist of hard, supporting elements, such as bones, which are found within soft tissue.

Question 10

What are echinoderms?

Answer 10

Animals like (starfish, urchins etc) with hard plates called ossicles beneath their skin.

Question 11

What are the 6 functions of the Skeletal System?

Answer 11

•Movement
•Support
•Protection
•Makes blood
•Storage
•Hearing

Question 12

Describe the endoskeleton movement

Answer 12

Legs and arms move when the muscles pull on the bones

Question 13

Describe support of endoskeleton

Answer 13

Backbone is the main support center for the upper body. It holds your head up and protects your spinal cord.

Question 14

Describe protection from endoskeleton

Answer 14

Bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury.

Question 15

How does the endoskeleton make blood?

Answer 15

Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bones.

Question 16

What does the endoskeleton store?

Answer 16

Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body.

Question 17

How does the endoskeleton provide hearing?

Answer 17

3 ear ossicles in each ear transmit sound waves in inner ear.

Question 18

Name the four basic bone shapes

Answer 18

1Long - arms, legs and fingers
2Short - wrist and ankles
3Flat - skull and sternum
4Irregular - spine

Question 19

Name the four typical layers of the structure of a bone.

Answer 19

Periosteum: covers bone
Compact bone: lies beneath the periosteum
Spongy bone: lies beneath the compact bone
Bone marrow: fills the gaps between the spongy bone

Question 20

Which bones are included in the Axial Skeleton?

Answer 20

Skull, spine, ribs, and sternum

Question 21

Which bones are included in the appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 21

Shoulders, arms, hips, and legs