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BIOLOGY > LIFE PROCESSES AT A CELLULAR LEVEL > Flashcards

LIFE PROCESSES AT A CELLULAR LEVEL Flashcards

1
Q

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

A

Movement of materials against a conc. gradient. This method requires energy produced during respiration

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2
Q

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

A

Respiration without oxygen

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3
Q

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

A

Respiration with oxygen

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4
Q

CATALYST

A

Substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up itself

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5
Q

CHLOROPHYLL

A

Green pigment found in plants. Essential for photosynthesis

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6
Q

CHLOROPLAST

A

Structure found in plants which is the site which photosynthesis occurs

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7
Q

CILIA

A

Tiny strands or threads around the outside of unicellular organisms which helps them move

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8
Q

CYTOPLASM

A

The semi-liquid material found inside a cell in which all organelles float in

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9
Q

DENATURED

A

Enzymes that have been altered by heat

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10
Q

DIFFUSION

A

The movement of materials from high conc. to low conc. This method does not require energy

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11
Q

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A

Network of folded membranes with or without ribosomes, where many chemical reactions occur or chemicals are transported

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12
Q

ENZYMES

A

A protein that acts as an organic catalyst to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

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13
Q

EXTRACELLULAR

A

The word that means outside the cell

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14
Q

FLACCID

A

A cell that has lost water due to osmosis is said to be limp or …

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15
Q

FLAGELLA

A

Long hair-like strands which whip back and forth to move a unicellular organism along

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16
Q

GOLGI BODIES

A

Organelle in the cytoplasm which modifies and packages secretions (proteins)

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17
Q

CELL MEMBRANE

A

The lipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell

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18
Q

MITOCHONDRIA

A

Organelles within the cell where respiration occurs

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19
Q

NUCLEUS

A

The part of the cell which contains the cells genetic material and controls the cell’s processes

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20
Q

OSMOSIS

A

The diffusions or movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from high conc. to low

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21
Q

PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

The process by which some of the cells may flow around particles and engulf them

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22
Q

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A

The process by which the green plants manufacture glucose from carbon dioxide and water

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23
Q

PLASMOLYSIS

A

The process whereby the cell loses water and causes the cytoplasm to shrink away from the cell wall

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24
Q

RESPIRATION

A

The process by which living cells break down large organic molecules to release energy in the form of ATP

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25
SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE
A membrane which allows only some molecules to pass through, usually only smaller ones
26
SPECIFIC ENZYME
Enzymes which control only one type of reaction
27
TURGID
A cell that is full with water due to osmosis (water moving into the cell)
28
UNICELLULAR
An organism made up of only one cell
29
VACUOLE
A large bubble filled with watery fluid inside a cell
30
RIBOSOMES
Site of protein synthesis
31
PROTEINS
Enzymes, hair, nails etc. are all examples of these
32
CRISTAE
Inner fold inside a mitochondria which increase the surface area for the reactions during respiration
33
CENTRIOLE
The small structures found in animal cells which are involved in cell division
34
GRANA
Piles of disk-like structures in a chloroplast where light is trapped & used to split the water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen
35
CELLULOSE WALL
The tough cellulose layer around plant cells which protects and supports the cell
36
LOCK AND KEY MODEL
The model by which substrates fit into the rigid active site of the enzyme
37
INDUCED FIT
The model by which substrates fit into the active site of the enzyme. The enzyme then changes shape bringing the substrates together
38
HIGH SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO
Small cells are better at diffusing things in and out due to their ...
39
CONTRACTILE VACUOLE
The special organelle found in many fresh water unicellular organisms to expel excess water. Form of active transport (ATP needed)
40
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
The transport of molecules with the conc. gradient. No energy required
41
ACTIVE SITE
The place on an enzyme where the substrate fits
42
ATP
The main energy carrying molecule in an organism
43
ORGANELLE
The structures inside a a cell
44
CO-ENZYME
A complex organic molecule which helps certain enzymes to function correctly
45
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
Change in concentration between one area and another
46
CYTOSKELETON
A framework of microtubules inside the cytoplasm
47
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
The series of reaction that produces ATP during respiration
48
FERMENTATION
Anaerobic respiration in plants is also called ...
49
EYE SPOT
A light sensing organelle which is often found in photosynthetic aquatic unicellular organisms
50
ORAL GROVE
Opening which is found in aquatic unicellular organisms which have to feed
51
GLYCOLYSIS
The first stage of the respiration where food is broken down into pyruvic acid
52
KREBS CYCLE
Middle stage of respiration which occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix space
53
LACTIC ACID
Toxic compound produced in animals during anerobic respiration
54
LIGHT REACTION
stage of photosynthesis where water is split by the suns energy
55
LIPOSOMES
Cell organelle which contains enzymes to breakdown unwanted cell components
56
NUCLEOLUS
Dark stained region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are produced
57
OSMOREGULATION
The maintenance of correct water level inside a cell/ organism
58
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Cells which engulf and destroy solids (foreign) matter
59
PINOCYTOSIS
The process by which the cell membrane surrounds fluid to take into the cell
60
ROUGH ER
Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosome's attached
61
SMOOTH ER
Endoplasmic reticulum with no ribosomes attached
62
STROMA
'Space' inside chloroplasts containing starch grains and enzymes
63
SUBSTRATE
Substance that an enzyme acts upon
64
ACTIVATION ENERGY
Energy required so a reaction can start. Enzymes often lower this

BIOLOGY (3 decks)

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