Life Processes Flashcards
What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?
Active transport is when molecules are pumped against the concentration gradient, i.e. from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process requires energy (ATP).
Passive transport (eg diffusion and osmosis) is when molecules are pumped along the concentration gradient i.e. from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This process does not require energy
Describe the process of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. This glucose can be converted into pyruvate which releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cellular respiration. Oxygen is also formed.
What happens during the light-dependant phase of photosynthesis
In the light dependant phase light is required. In this stage, sunlight hits the leaves of the plant, which are packed with chloroplast, the chlorophyll traps the sunlight. The light energy is then used to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen. A special cycle, called the Calvin cycle combines these ingredients with carbon dioxide to create glucose.
What happens during the light-independent phase
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes.
Symbol equation for photosynthesis
H2O+Co2+sunlight energy—>O2+C6,H12,O6
Word equation for photosynthesis
Water+Carbon Dioxide+sunlight energy—>Glucose+oxygen
Describe osmosis
Osmosis is simply the diffusion of water, and solutes dissolved in it . A solute is a substance that dissolves in water. In osmosis water moves from an area of low solute concentration(high water concentration) to an area of high solute concentration(low water concentration) along a concentration gradient.
Define photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process of using light energy to convert water water and carbon dioxide into glucose for the plant to use as fuel in order to carry out its life processes
Define aerobic respiration
Aerobic is the process of reacting glucose with oxygen to produce ATP(adenosine Tri-phosphate) as energy for all the cell, to enable it to carry out its life processes.
Aerobic word equation
Glucose+oxygen—>ATP+water+carbon dioxide
Aerobic symbol equation
C6H12O6+O2—>ATP+H2O+CO2
Aerobic respiration purpose, where it happens, reactants, products
The purpose of aerobic respiration is to break down glucose molecules to produce ATP as energy to allow the cell to carry out its life processes. It occurs in the mitochondria. The reactants are Glucose and Oxygen. It produces water plus Carbon dioxide.
What are the four stages of the cell cycle. And explain their phases
G1. Phase: This is where the cell grows and makes all the machinery it will need for the S phase.
S. Phase: in S(synthesis) phase, the DNA in the nucleus of the cell is replicated, so that the cell then has two copies of everything( so humans go from 46 chromosomes to 92 chromosomes)
G2. Phase: again the cell grows and makes all the machinery it needs for the “m” phase
M. Phase: This is mitosis- the process of splitting into two identical cells
How do enzymes affect life processes
Enzymes only work at specific temperatures. If it gets too cold, they’ll slow down( so the life process they the catalyse will slow down. If it gets too hot, then the enzyme will denature, meaning their active sites will get mangled and not work anymore. Enzymes are so important that if if this happens, the life process will stop
How does light intensity affect life processes
As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. Eventually, increasing light intensity will stop increasing the rate, because another factor (light water) will become rate limiting ( will not be enough of it for that rate to get any faster)
