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Year 8 Science > Life Processes > Flashcards

Life Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

Write the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose+ Oxygen—>carbon dioxide+ water+(energy)

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2
Q

From which system does the body obtain glucose for respiration?

A

The digestive system

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3
Q

In which part of ourselves is respiration mainly occur?

A

In the mitochondria

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4
Q

What are the products of respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide, water

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5
Q

How do we test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubble fruit lime water; the lime water turns cloudy

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6
Q

The word “aerobic” indicates the presence of which gas?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

How many joules are there in a kilojoule?

A

1000 J

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8
Q

Which unit is energy usually measured in?

A

Joules, J

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9
Q

What is the symbol for kilojoule?

A

kJ (lower case k, capital J)

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10
Q

Food is high energy, which which nutrient/s is it likely to contain?

A

Lipid/fat, carbohydrates

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11
Q

List the seven nutrients needed by the human body

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre

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12
Q

Foods high in which group helped muscle repair?

A

Protein

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13
Q

Why is fibre needed in our diet?

A

Add bulk to food to help it pass through the digestive system; prevents constipation

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14
Q

Scurvy can occur when we don’t get enough of which vitamin?

A

C

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15
Q

Give two sources of vitamin C

A

Fruits and vegetables

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16
Q

Rice, potatoes and bread, a good sources of

A

Carbohydrates

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17
Q

Rice, potatoes and bread, a good sources of

A

Carbohydrates

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18
Q

Fish meat and nut are good sources of

A

Protein

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19
Q

Sugar and statue, both types of

A

Carbohydrates

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20
Q

Which test do we use to detect the presence of starch?

A

Iodine

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21
Q

Which test do we use to detect the presence of sugar?

A

Benedicts

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22
Q

Which test do we use to detect the presence of sugar?

A

Benedicts

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23
Q

Which test do we use to detect the presence of protein?

A

Biuret

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24
Q

Which test do we use to detect the present of fats?

A

Ethanol

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25
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process of breaking down food into substances our body can absorb and use

26
Q

Where does mechanical digestion mainly occur?

A

In the mouth

27
Q

List the organs, the food or travel through on its way through the digestive system

A

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestines , large intestine, rectum, anus

28
Q

Which nutrient starts to be chemically digested in the mouth?

A

Carbohydrate

29
Q

Where does digestion of protein take place?

A

Stomach and small intestine

30
Q

Where does the digestion of lipids take place?

A

Small intestine

31
Q

Which organ produces carbohydrase, protease and lipase?

A

Pancreas

32
Q

What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

A

Provide the right pH for the proteins enzymes; kills bacteria

33
Q

What is the purpose of bile in the digestive system?

A

Neutralise the acid which was added to the food in the stomach to give the best pH for enzymes to work. Breakdown (emulsify) fat.

34
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Liver

35
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gallbladder

36
Q

The site of maximum absorption in the digestive system is…

A

The small intestine

37
Q

During digestion, carbohydrate is broken down into

A

Glucose

38
Q

During digestion, protein is broken down into

A

Amino acid

39
Q

During digestion, lipids are broken down into

A

Fatty acid and glycerol

40
Q

Which enzyme digest protein?

A

Protease

41
Q

Which enzyme digests carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrase

42
Q

Which enzyme digests fats?

A

Lipase

43
Q

Why is fibre not digested in the body?

A

Our bodies do not have enzymes that can digest fibre

44
Q

What are vitamins and minerals not digested in the body?

A

They are small enough to be absorbed without digestion

45
Q

What is the purpose of bacteria in our gut?

A

Digest food, we cannot(e.g. cellulose) to give us a essential nutrients(e.g. vitamin K)

46
Q

In which part of the digestive system does water and mineral absorption take place?

A

The large intestine

47
Q

How is this small intestine adapted to increase the rate of absorption?

A

Villi and microvilli to increase surface area; a good blood supply to transport nutrients; mucus for lubrication; glucose moves from a high concentration in the intestine to lower concentration in the blood

48
Q

What are the optimal conditions for amylase?

A

Neutral pH, 37° C

49
Q

What happens to an enzyme if it is boiled or exposed to a strong acid?

A

It is denatured

50
Q

What is the scientific name for the windpipe?

A

Trachea

51
Q

The trachea divides into two_____. These then divide into_______.

A

Bronchi. Bronchioles

52
Q

The trachea divides into two_____. These then divide into_______.

A

Bronchi. Bronchioles

53
Q

What are the air at the end of each bronchiole called?

A

Alveoli

54
Q

Breathing in and out is known as

A

Ventilation

55
Q

When we inhale the volume thorax ________ so the pressure inside the thorax_____

A

Increases. Decreases.

56
Q

When we exhale the diaphragm releases and moves upward/downwards

A

Upward

57
Q

What features do alveoli have to maximise gas exchange?

A

Large surface area; concentration gradient(oxygen, and carbon dioxide can diffuse); good blood supply; capillary wall only one cell thick

58
Q

Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration and cells

A

Glucose-> lactic acid

59
Q

Which releases more energy-aerobic or anaerobic respiration

A

Aerobic

60
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in the yeast cells known as?

A

Fermentation

61
Q

Give an example of where fermentation is used

A

Brewing or baking

62
Q

What are the products of the fermentation reaction?

A

Ethanol, carbon dioxide

Year 8 Science (2 decks)

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