Life Processes Flashcards
Write the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose+ Oxygen—>carbon dioxide+ water+(energy)
From which system does the body obtain glucose for respiration?
The digestive system
In which part of ourselves is respiration mainly occur?
In the mitochondria
What are the products of respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water
How do we test for carbon dioxide?
Bubble fruit lime water; the lime water turns cloudy
The word “aerobic” indicates the presence of which gas?
Oxygen
How many joules are there in a kilojoule?
1000 J
Which unit is energy usually measured in?
Joules, J
What is the symbol for kilojoule?
kJ (lower case k, capital J)
Food is high energy, which which nutrient/s is it likely to contain?
Lipid/fat, carbohydrates
List the seven nutrients needed by the human body
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre
Foods high in which group helped muscle repair?
Protein
Why is fibre needed in our diet?
Add bulk to food to help it pass through the digestive system; prevents constipation
Scurvy can occur when we don’t get enough of which vitamin?
C
Give two sources of vitamin C
Fruits and vegetables
Rice, potatoes and bread, a good sources of
Carbohydrates
Rice, potatoes and bread, a good sources of
Carbohydrates
Fish meat and nut are good sources of
Protein
Sugar and statue, both types of
Carbohydrates
Which test do we use to detect the presence of starch?
Iodine
Which test do we use to detect the presence of sugar?
Benedicts
Which test do we use to detect the presence of sugar?
Benedicts
Which test do we use to detect the presence of protein?
Biuret
Which test do we use to detect the present of fats?
Ethanol
What is digestion?
The process of breaking down food into substances our body can absorb and use
Where does mechanical digestion mainly occur?
In the mouth
List the organs, the food or travel through on its way through the digestive system
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestines , large intestine, rectum, anus
Which nutrient starts to be chemically digested in the mouth?
Carbohydrate
Where does digestion of protein take place?
Stomach and small intestine
Where does the digestion of lipids take place?
Small intestine
Which organ produces carbohydrase, protease and lipase?
Pancreas
What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Provide the right pH for the proteins enzymes; kills bacteria
What is the purpose of bile in the digestive system?
Neutralise the acid which was added to the food in the stomach to give the best pH for enzymes to work. Breakdown (emulsify) fat.
Where is bile produced?
Liver
Where is bile stored?
Gallbladder
The site of maximum absorption in the digestive system is…
The small intestine
During digestion, carbohydrate is broken down into
Glucose
During digestion, protein is broken down into
Amino acid
During digestion, lipids are broken down into
Fatty acid and glycerol
Which enzyme digest protein?
Protease
Which enzyme digests carbohydrates?
Carbohydrase
Which enzyme digests fats?
Lipase
Why is fibre not digested in the body?
Our bodies do not have enzymes that can digest fibre
What are vitamins and minerals not digested in the body?
They are small enough to be absorbed without digestion
What is the purpose of bacteria in our gut?
Digest food, we cannot(e.g. cellulose) to give us a essential nutrients(e.g. vitamin K)
In which part of the digestive system does water and mineral absorption take place?
The large intestine
How is this small intestine adapted to increase the rate of absorption?
Villi and microvilli to increase surface area; a good blood supply to transport nutrients; mucus for lubrication; glucose moves from a high concentration in the intestine to lower concentration in the blood
What are the optimal conditions for amylase?
Neutral pH, 37° C
What happens to an enzyme if it is boiled or exposed to a strong acid?
It is denatured
What is the scientific name for the windpipe?
Trachea
The trachea divides into two_____. These then divide into_______.
Bronchi. Bronchioles
The trachea divides into two_____. These then divide into_______.
Bronchi. Bronchioles
What are the air at the end of each bronchiole called?
Alveoli
Breathing in and out is known as
Ventilation
When we inhale the volume thorax ________ so the pressure inside the thorax_____
Increases. Decreases.
When we exhale the diaphragm releases and moves upward/downwards
Upward
What features do alveoli have to maximise gas exchange?
Large surface area; concentration gradient(oxygen, and carbon dioxide can diffuse); good blood supply; capillary wall only one cell thick
Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration and cells
Glucose-> lactic acid
Which releases more energy-aerobic or anaerobic respiration
Aerobic
What is anaerobic respiration in the yeast cells known as?
Fermentation
Give an example of where fermentation is used
Brewing or baking
What are the products of the fermentation reaction?
Ethanol, carbon dioxide
