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CELL MOL > LIFE PROCESSES > Flashcards

LIFE PROCESSES Flashcards

1
Q

MAIN SUBSTANCES FOUND IN THE BODY

A

ORGANIC & SUBSTANCES

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2
Q

% WATER?

A

65

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3
Q

% MINERALS?

A

1

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4
Q

% PROTEIN?

A

18

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5
Q

% LIPIDS?

A

10

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6
Q

% CARBS?

A

5

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7
Q

% NUCLEIC ACIDS?

A

1

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8
Q

WATER

A

> MOST ABUNDANT COMPONENT ON ORGANISMS
EXCELLENT SOLVENT
REACTION MEDIUM
TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES
REGULATES BODY TEMP
TAKES PART IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

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9
Q

PROTEINS

A

> MOST ABUNDANT ORGANIC MOLECULE IN CELLS
IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL COMPONENT IN CELLS
ENZYMES & HORMONES
PROVIDE ENERGY

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10
Q

LIPIDS

A

> ENERGY STORED IN PLANTS & ANIMALS
STRUCTURAL COMPONENT IN CELL MEMBRANE
SOME ARE HORMONES

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11
Q

CARBOHYDRATES
SUGAR

A

PROVIDES ENERGY

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12
Q

CARBOHYDRATES
STARCH

A

FOOD RESERVE FOR PLANTS

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13
Q

CARBOHYDRATES
GLYCOGEN

A

FOOD RESERVE FOR ANIMALS

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14
Q

CARBOHYDRATES
CELLULOSE

A

IMPORTANT FOR CELL WALL

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15
Q

NUCLEIC ACIDS

A

> STORES INFORMATION WHICH CONTROLS CELL ACTIVITIES
DNA IN NUCLEUS
RNA IN CYTOPLASM/ NUCLEUS

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16
Q

MINERALS

A

> IONS
HEALTHY FUNCTIONING OF ORGANISMS
TAKES PART IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
PLANTS GET THESE FROM SOIL
ANIMALS GET THESE FROM DIET

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17
Q

METABOLISM

A

ALL CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT HAPPEN TO ORGANISMS

18
Q

TYPES OF METABOLISM
CATABOLISM

A

BREAKS DOWN COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES
EX. RESPIRATION WHICH GIVES OUT ENERGY

19
Q

TYPES OF METABOLISM
ANABOLISM

A

BUILDS UP COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES
EX. PHOTOSYNTHESIS WHICH REQUIRES ENERGY

20
Q

TYPES OF ENZYMES
EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES

A

LEAVE THE CELL & PERFORM ACTIONS OUTSIDE THE CELL

21
Q

TYPES OF ENZYMES
INTRACELLULAR ENZYMES

A

PERFORMS ACTIONS INSIDE THE CELL

22
Q

CONTROL OF METABOLISM

A

ENZYMES SPEED UP METABOLISM

23
Q

NATURE & PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES
BIOLOGICAL

A

FOUND IN ORGANISMS

24
Q

CATALYST

A

> SPEEDS UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS
PROTEIN IN NATURE
SPECIFIC IN ACTION (ONE ENZYME-ONE CHEM RXN)
REVERSIBLE REACTION

25
Q

ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY

A

AFFECTED BY pH AND TEMP
(HIGH TEMP & pH CAN DENATURE ENZYME)

26
Q

MECHANISM OF ENZYME ACTION

A

> EACH ENZYME HAS AN ACTIVE SITE
ACTIVE SITE IS WHERE THE ENZYME BINDS TO A SUBSTRATE
EACH ENZYME CAN ONLY ATTACH TO A SPECIFIC SUBSTRATE
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX- STRUCTURE PRODUCED WHEN ENZYME AND SUBSTRATE BINDS
PRODUCT MOLECULES EXIT THE ACTIVE SITE
ACTIVE SITE CAN BE USED AGAIN

27
Q

EFFECTS OF TEMP ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
LOW TEMP

A

> LOW KINETIC ENERGY
LOW REACTION RATE
ENZYME BECOMES INACTIVE

28
Q

EFFECTS OF TEMP ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
HIGH TEMP

A

> HIGH KINETIC ENERGY
HIGH REACTION RATE

29
Q

OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE

A

> TEMPERATURE THAT ALLOWS HIGHEST ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
TEMP HIGHER THAN OPTIMUM TEMP CAN CAUSE CHANGES ON SHAPE OF ACTIVE SITE
ENZYMES CAN BE INACTIVE BUT NOT DENATURED IN LOW TEMP
DENATURED ENZYMES- CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES LOST; CANNOT BE RESTORED; PERMANENT

30
Q

OPTIMUM pH

A

> pH THAT CAN ALLOW HIGHEST ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
HIGH pH CAN DESTROY ENZYME
LOWER OR HIGHER pH THAN OPTIMUM pH CAN INACTIVATE ENZYME

31
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES

A

TEMP & pH

32
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF ENZYMATIC REACTIONS

A

TEMP, pH, ENZYME CONCENTRATION, SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION

33
Q

APPLICATION OF ENZYMES

A

BIOLOGICAL WASHING POWDER

34
Q

TRASNPORT OF MATERIALS ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE

A

TO OBTAIN USEFUL MATERIALS & TO ELIMINATE METABOLIC WASTES

35
Q

PERMEABILITY
LIVING CELL MEMBRANE
VISKING TUBING/DIALYSIS TUBING

A

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

36
Q

PERMEABILITY
DEAD CELL MEMBRANE
CELL WALL

A

FREELY PERMEABLE

37
Q

DIFFUSION

A

MOLECULES MOVE FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION

38
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFUSION

A

SIZE
TEMPERATURE
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
MEDIUM
SURFACE AREA
(larger is always faster)

39
Q

IMPORTANCE OF DIFFUSION

A

> GETS RID OF WASTE PRODUCTS
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
ABSORBS MINERAL SALTS
ABSORBS DIGESTED FOOD

40
Q

OSMOSIS

A

WATER MOLECULE MOVE FROM HIGH TO LOW WATER CONCENTRATION

41
Q

WATER POTENTIAL

A

TENDENCY OF WATER MOLECULES TO DIFFUSE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER

THE MORE CONCENTRATED THE SOLUTION, THE LOWER WATER POTENTIAL

42
Q

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

A

MOLECULES MOVE FROM LOW TO HIGH CONCENTRATION ; REQUIRES ENERGY ; ONLY IN LIVING CELLS

CELL MOL (1 decks)

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